1、考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 38 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which, taken
2、together, comprise the whole vocabulary. First, there are those words【C1】_which we become acquainted in daily conversation, which we 【C2】_, that is to say, from the【C3】_of our own family and from our familiar associates, and 【C4】_we should know and use【C5】_we could not read or write. They【C6】_the co
3、mmon things of life, and are the stock in trade of all who【C7】_the language. such words may be called “popular“, since they belong to the people 【C8】_and are not the exclusive【C9】_of a limited class. On the other hand, our language 【C10】_ a multitude of words which are comparatively【C11】_used in ord
4、inary conversation. Their meanings are known to every educated person, but there is little【C12】_ to use them at home or in the market-place. Our【C13】_acquaintance with them comes not from our mother“s【C14】_or from the talk of our schoolmates , 【C15】_from books that we read, lectures that we【C16】_, o
5、r the more【C17】_conversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular【C18】_ in a style appropriately elevated above the habitual【C19】_of everyday life. Such words are called “learned“, and the【C20】_between them and the “popular“ words is of great importance to a right understan
6、ding of linguistic process.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.atB.withC.byD.through(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.studyB.imitateC.stimulateD.learn(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.matesB.relativesC.membersD.fellows(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.whichB.thatC.thoseD.ones(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.evenB.despiteC.even ifD.in spite of(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.min
7、dB.concernC.careD.relate(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.hireB.applyC.adoptD.use(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.in publicB.at mostC.at largeD.at best(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.right BJ privilegeB.shareC.possession(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.consistsB.comprisesC.constitutesD.composes(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.seldomB.muchC.neverD.often(12).【C12】（分
8、数：2.00）A.prospectB.wayC.reasonD.necessity(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.primaryB.firstC.principalD.prior(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.tipsB.mouthC.lipsD.tongue(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.besidesB.andC.orD.but(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.hear ofB.attendC.hear fromD.listen(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.formerB.formulaC.formalD.formative(18).【C1
9、8】（分数：2.00）A.themeB.topicC.ideaD.point(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.borderB.linkC.degreeD.extent(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.diversionB.distinctionC.diversityD.similarityHave you ever wondered what our future is like? Practically all people【C1】_a desire to predict their future【C2】_. Most people seem inclined to【C3】_
10、this task using causal reasoning. First we【C4】_recognize that future circumstances are【C5】_ caused or conditioned by present ones. We learn that getting an education will【C6】_how much money we earn later and that swimming beyond the reef may bring an unhappy【C7】_ with a shark. Second, people also le
11、arn that such【C8】_of cause and effect are probabilistic in nature. That is, the effects occur more often when the causes occur than when the causes are【C9】_, but not always. Thus, students learn that studying hard【C10】_good grades in most instances, but not every time. Science makes these concepts o
12、f causality and probability more【C11】_and provides techniques for dealing【C12】_then more accurately than does causal human inquiry. In looking at ordinary human inquiry, we need to 【C13】_between prediction and understanding. Often, even if we don“t understand why, we are willing to act 【C14】_the bas
13、is of a demonstrated predictive ability. Whatever the primitive drives 【C15】_motivate human beings, satisfying them depends heavily on the ability to【C16】_ future circumstances. The attempt to predict is often played in a 【C17】_ of knowledge and understanding. If you can understand why certain regul
14、ar patterns 【C18】_. you can predict better than if you simply observe those patterns. Thus, human inquiry aims【C19】_answering both “what“ and “why“ question, and we pursue these【C20】_ by observing and figuring out.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.exhibitB.exaggerateC.examineD.exceed(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.co
15、ntextsB.circumstancesC.inspectionsD.intuitions(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.underestimateB.undermineC.undertakeD.undergo(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.speciallyB.particularlyC.alwaysD.generally(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.somehowB.somebodyC.someoneD.something(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.enactB.affectC.reflectD.inflect(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.meeti
16、ngB.occurrenceC.encounterD.contact(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.patternsB.designsC.arrangementsD.pictures(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.disappointedB.absentC.inadequateD.absolute(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.createsB.producesC.losesD.protects(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.obscureB.indistinctC.explicitD.explosive(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.forB.atC
17、.inD.with(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.distinguishB.distinctC.distortD.distract(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.atB.onC.toD.under(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.whyB.howC.thatD.where(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.predictB.produceC.pretendD.precede(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.contentB.contactC.contestD.context(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.happenB.occurC.occu
18、pyD.incur(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.atB.onC.toD.beyond(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.purposesB.ambitionsC.drivesD.goals考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 38 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A
19、, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which, taken together, comprise the whole vocabulary. First, there are those words【C1】_which we become acquainted in daily conversation, which we 【C2】_, that is to say, from the【C3】_of our own family and from
20、 our familiar associates, and 【C4】_we should know and use【C5】_we could not read or write. They【C6】_the common things of life, and are the stock in trade of all who【C7】_the language. such words may be called “popular“, since they belong to the people 【C8】_and are not the exclusive【C9】_of a limited cl
21、ass. On the other hand, our language 【C10】_ a multitude of words which are comparatively【C11】_used in ordinary conversation. Their meanings are known to every educated person, but there is little【C12】_ to use them at home or in the market-place. Our【C13】_acquaintance with them comes not from our mot
22、her“s【C14】_or from the talk of our schoolmates , 【C15】_from books that we read, lectures that we【C16】_, or the more【C17】_conversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular【C18】_ in a style appropriately elevated above the habitual【C19】_of everyday life. Such words are called
23、 “learned“, and the【C20】_between them and the “popular“ words is of great importance to a right understanding of linguistic process.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.atB.with C.byD.through解析：解析：考查惯用搭配。本句中由 with which 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 those words。短语become acquainted with sbsth意为“认识某人，了解某事”。故选 Bwith。(2).【C2】（
24、分数：2.00）A.studyB.imitateC.stimulateD.learn 解析：解析：考查动词辨析。imitate 意为“模仿”，stimulate 意为“刺激，激发”。study 和 learn都有“学习”的意思，study 着重研究，而 learn 指一般性的学习，故选 Dlearn。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.matesB.relativesC.members D.fellows解析：解析：考查名词辨析。mate 意为“伙伴，同事”，可组成复合名词，如：roommate 同房间的人。relative 意为“亲戚”，member 意为“成员”，family membe
25、r 意为“家庭成员”，fellow 意为“伙伴，家伙”。故选 Cmembers。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.which B.thatC.thoseD.ones解析：解析：考查语法知识非限制性定语从句。which 引导非限制性定语从句，和前面的定语从句并列，修饰先行词 those words，关系代词 that 只能在限制性定语从句中代替 which。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.evenB.despiteC.even if D.in spite of解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。even if 在这里引导条件状语从句。even 是副词，不能引导状语从句。in spite of 和
26、 despite 表示“尽管”，为介词词组或介词，也不能引导状语从句。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.mindB.concern C.careD.relate解析：解析：考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，本句的意思是“它们涉及生活中的一般性事情，是所有使用这种语言的人惯用的语言材料。concern 意为“涉及”，mind 和 care 表示“介意，计较”，relate 表示“讲述，叙述”，均不符合文意。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.hireB.applyC.adoptD.use 解析：解析：考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，此处意为“使用语言”，Duse 意为“使用”，符合题意，为正确选项。
27、hire 意为“雇用”；apply 意为“应用”；adopt 意为“采纳”，均不符合题意。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.in publicB.at mostC.at large D.at best解析：解析：考查介词短语辨析。at large 意为“普遍的，一般的”，与后面的 exclusive 相对，符合语境，故选 C。in public 意为“公开地，当众”；at most 意为“至多，不超过”；at best 意为“充其量，至多”，均不符合题意。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.right BJ privilegeB.shareC.possession 解析：解析：考查名词辨
28、析。share 意为“份额，共享”，符合句意，因此答案为 Cshare。right 和privilege 意为“权利，特权”，不符合题意；possession 意为“拥有，占有”，通常指拥有财物。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.consistsB.comprises C.constitutesD.composes解析：解析：考查动词辨析。comprise“包含，包括，由组成”，符合语法结构和语义。因此答案为Bcomprises。compose 常用于被动结构 be composed of，表示“由组成”；consist 是不及物动词，必须和 of 组成短语动词表示“由组成”；cons
29、titute 意为“构成”，三项均不符合题意。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.seldom B.muchC.neverD.often解析：解析：考查副词辨析。seldom 意为“不经常，很少”，符合此处语义。故选 Aseldom。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.prospectB.wayC.reasonD.necessity 解析：解析：考查名词辨析。prospect“前景”；way“方式”；reason“理由”；necessity“必要性”。只有 Dnecessity 符合句意。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.primaryB.first C.principal
30、D.prior解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。本句意为“我们最初既不是从母亲嘴里，也不是从同学那里了解这些单词的”。first“第一，首先”，符合句意，因此答案为 Bfirst。primary“基本的，原始的”；prior“优先的，在先的”；principal“主要的，首要的”，均不符合题意。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.tipsB.mouthC.lips D.tongue解析：解析：考查固定搭配。learn sth. from ones lips 是固定搭配，表示“从某人嘴里得知”。故Clips 符合题意。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.besidesB.andC.orD.
31、but 解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。根据上下文可知，空格处前后表达的是转折关系，故答案为 Dbut。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.hear ofB.attend C.hear fromD.listen解析：解析：考查习惯搭配。attend a lecture“参加一个讲座”。故答案为 Battend。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.formerB.formulaC.formal D.formative解析：解析：考查词语辨析。formal“正式的”，符合此处语义，故选 Cformal。former“以前的”；formula“公式，方程”；formative“形成的”，均不符
32、合题意。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.themeB.topic C.ideaD.point解析：解析：考查名词辨析。theme“主题”；topic“话题”；idea“主意”；point“要点”。本句指讨论的话题，故选 Btopic。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.borderB.linkC.degreeD.extent 解析：解析：考查名词辨析。degree 和 extent 均可表示程度，但 extent 还可表示“范围”。本句意为：讨论问题的方式超越了日常生活的范围，所以选 Dextent。order“边界”，link“连接”，均不符合题意。(20).【C20】（分数
33、：2.00）A.diversionB.distinction C.diversityD.similarity解析：解析：考查名词辨析。diversion“转移，转向”；distinction“差别”；diversity“多样性，变化”；similarity“相似之处”。根据语境可知，此处意为“学术性词语和大众化词语之间的差别”，故选 Bdistinction。Have you ever wondered what our future is like? Practically all people【C1】_a desire to predict their future【C2】_. Most
34、people seem inclined to【C3】_this task using causal reasoning. First we【C4】_recognize that future circumstances are【C5】_ caused or conditioned by present ones. We learn that getting an education will【C6】_how much money we earn later and that swimming beyond the reef may bring an unhappy【C7】_ with a s
35、hark. Second, people also learn that such【C8】_of cause and effect are probabilistic in nature. That is, the effects occur more often when the causes occur than when the causes are【C9】_, but not always. Thus, students learn that studying hard【C10】_good grades in most instances, but not every time. Sc
36、ience makes these concepts of causality and probability more【C11】_and provides techniques for dealing【C12】_then more accurately than does causal human inquiry. In looking at ordinary human inquiry, we need to 【C13】_between prediction and understanding. Often, even if we don“t understand why, we are
37、willing to act 【C14】_the basis of a demonstrated predictive ability. Whatever the primitive drives 【C15】_motivate human beings, satisfying them depends heavily on the ability to【C16】_ future circumstances. The attempt to predict is often played in a 【C17】_ of knowledge and understanding. If you can
38、understand why certain regular patterns 【C18】_. you can predict better than if you simply observe those patterns. Thus, human inquiry aims【C19】_answering both “what“ and “why“ question, and we pursue these【C20】_ by observing and figuring out.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.exhibit B.exaggerateC.examine
39、D.exceed解析：解析：考查动词辨析。exhibit“展出，表现”；exaggerate“夸张”；examine“检查，考试”；exceed“超越，胜过”。原句意为：实际上，人们会对未来的生活怀有(展示出)一定的愿望。故选Aexhibit。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.contextsB.circumstances C.inspectionsD.intuitions解析：解析：考查名词辨析。context“上下文”，circumstance“环境”，inspection“检查，视察”，intuition“直觉”。联系后文出现了“future circumstances”,属于原义再
40、现。故选Bcircumstances。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.underestimateB.undermineC.undertake D.undergo解析：解析：考查动词辨析。underestimate“低估”，undermine“破坏”，undertake“承担，担任”，undergo“经历，遭受”。undertake a task 为常见搭配，意为“开始进行一项任务”，符合此处语境，故选 Cundertake。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.speciallyB.particularlyC.alwaysD.generally 解析：解析：考查副词辨析。根据语境可知，此
41、处表达的意思为“一般来讲”，故答案为Dgenerally。其他选项均不符合题意。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.somehow B.somebodyC.someoneD.something解析：解析：考查词语辨析。somehow“不知何故，以某种方式”，符合语义，故选Asomehow。somebody“某人”；someone“某人，有人”；something“某事”，均不符合题意。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.enactB.affect C.reflectD.inflect解析：解析：考查动词辨析。affect 意为“影响，感动”，符合语境，为正确选项。enact“制定法律，颁布
42、”；reflect“反映”；inflect“弯曲”，均不符合题意。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.meetingB.occurrenceC.encounter D.contact解析：解析：考查名词辨析。encounter 指“没有事先计划的、未料到的、短暂的相遇”，符合语境，故选 Cencounter。meeting“遇见”；occurrence“出现，发生”；contact“联系”，均不符合题意。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.patterns B.designsC.arrangementsD.pictures解析：解析：考查名词辨析。第一段中提到过人们习惯用因果关系去推断，这
43、是一种思考模式。pattern“模式，式样”，符合句意，故选 Apatterns。design“设计”；arrangement“安排”；picture“图画”，均不符合题意。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.disappointedB.absent C.inadequateD.absolute解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。根据文中意思，应选一个与 occur 意思相反的词。absent“缺少的，不在的”，符合句意，因此答案为 Babsent。disappointed“失望的”；inadequate“不充分的”；absolute“完全的”，均不符合题意。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A
44、.createsB.produces C.losesD.protects解析：解析：考查动词辨析。原句意为学生知道努力学习在大多数情况下会得到高的分数。produce“产生，得到”，符合语义，故选 Bproduces。create“创造”；lose“失去”；protect“保护”，均不符合题意。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.obscureB.indistinctC.explicit D.explosive解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。obscure“朦胧的，模糊的”；indistinct“不清楚的”；explicit“明确的，清楚的”：explosive“爆炸的”。根据语境可知，此处
45、意为：科学使因果性和可能性的观念变得更加清楚。故答案为 Cexplicit。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.forB.atC.inD.with 解析：解析：考查固定搭配。deal with“处理，安排”，符合语义，故答案为 Dwith。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.distinguish B.distinctC.distortD.distract解析：解析：考查形近词辨析。空格处需要一个动词，且和后面的介词 between 搭配。distinguish 为动词，意为“区别，辨别”；distinct 为形容词，意为“清楚的，明显的”；distort 为动词，意为“扭曲，歪曲
46、”；distract 为动词，意为“分散，使分心”。distinguish between 为常用搭配，意为“区别和”。故答案为 Adistinguish。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.atB.on C.toD.under解析：解析：考查固定搭配。on the basis of“以为基础”，故选 Bon。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.whyB.howC.that D.where解析：解析：考查语法知识。drive 在此为名词，意为“动力”，空格后部分是对 drive 进行修饰，故选关系代词 that 引导定语从句。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.predict
47、 B.produceC.pretendD.precede解析：解析：考查动词辨析。predict“预言”；produce“生产，制造”；pretend“假装”；precede“在之前”。此处动词修饰后面“future circumstances”，故选 Apredict。其他项均排除。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.contentB.contactC.contestD.context 解析：解析：考查名词辨析。content“内容”；contact“接触”；contest“争论，竞赛”；context“上下文背景，环境”。in the context of 意为“在情况下”，符合文意。故选Dcontext。其他项均不符合。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.happenB.occur C.occupyD.incur解析：解析：考查动词辨析。happen 与 occur 均表示“发生”，二者区别在于 happen 常指具体事件的发生，而 occur 还可用于抽象事物，如某想法出现在人的头脑中，故选 Boccur。其他项 occupy“占据”；incur“招数”，均不符合文意。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.at B.onC.t
