1、考研英语(完形填空)-试卷 38 及答案解析(总分:120.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数:3,分数:120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.(分数:40.00)_In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which, taken
2、together, comprise the whole vocabulary. First, there are those words【C1】_which we become acquainted in daily conversation, which we 【C2】_, that is to say, from the【C3】_of our own family and from our familiar associates, and 【C4】_we should know and use【C5】_we could not read or write. They【C6】_the co
3、mmon things of life, and are the stock in trade of all who【C7】_the language. such words may be called “popular“, since they belong to the people 【C8】_and are not the exclusive【C9】_of a limited class. On the other hand, our language 【C10】_ a multitude of words which are comparatively【C11】_used in ord
4、inary conversation. Their meanings are known to every educated person, but there is little【C12】_ to use them at home or in the market-place. Our【C13】_acquaintance with them comes not from our mother“s【C14】_or from the talk of our schoolmates , 【C15】_from books that we read, lectures that we【C16】_, o
5、r the more【C17】_conversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular【C18】_ in a style appropriately elevated above the habitual【C19】_of everyday life. Such words are called “learned“, and the【C20】_between them and the “popular“ words is of great importance to a right understan
6、ding of linguistic process.(分数:40.00)(1).【C1】(分数:2.00)A.atB.withC.byD.through(2).【C2】(分数:2.00)A.studyB.imitateC.stimulateD.learn(3).【C3】(分数:2.00)A.matesB.relativesC.membersD.fellows(4).【C4】(分数:2.00)A.whichB.thatC.thoseD.ones(5).【C5】(分数:2.00)A.evenB.despiteC.even ifD.in spite of(6).【C6】(分数:2.00)A.min
7、dB.concernC.careD.relate(7).【C7】(分数:2.00)A.hireB.applyC.adoptD.use(8).【C8】(分数:2.00)A.in publicB.at mostC.at largeD.at best(9).【C9】(分数:2.00)A.right BJ privilegeB.shareC.possession(10).【C10】(分数:2.00)A.consistsB.comprisesC.constitutesD.composes(11).【C11】(分数:2.00)A.seldomB.muchC.neverD.often(12).【C12】(分
8、数:2.00)A.prospectB.wayC.reasonD.necessity(13).【C13】(分数:2.00)A.primaryB.firstC.principalD.prior(14).【C14】(分数:2.00)A.tipsB.mouthC.lipsD.tongue(15).【C15】(分数:2.00)A.besidesB.andC.orD.but(16).【C16】(分数:2.00)A.hear ofB.attendC.hear fromD.listen(17).【C17】(分数:2.00)A.formerB.formulaC.formalD.formative(18).【C1
9、8】(分数:2.00)A.themeB.topicC.ideaD.point(19).【C19】(分数:2.00)A.borderB.linkC.degreeD.extent(20).【C20】(分数:2.00)A.diversionB.distinctionC.diversityD.similarityHave you ever wondered what our future is like? Practically all people【C1】_a desire to predict their future【C2】_. Most people seem inclined to【C3】_
10、this task using causal reasoning. First we【C4】_recognize that future circumstances are【C5】_ caused or conditioned by present ones. We learn that getting an education will【C6】_how much money we earn later and that swimming beyond the reef may bring an unhappy【C7】_ with a shark. Second, people also le
11、arn that such【C8】_of cause and effect are probabilistic in nature. That is, the effects occur more often when the causes occur than when the causes are【C9】_, but not always. Thus, students learn that studying hard【C10】_good grades in most instances, but not every time. Science makes these concepts o
12、f causality and probability more【C11】_and provides techniques for dealing【C12】_then more accurately than does causal human inquiry. In looking at ordinary human inquiry, we need to 【C13】_between prediction and understanding. Often, even if we don“t understand why, we are willing to act 【C14】_the bas
13、is of a demonstrated predictive ability. Whatever the primitive drives 【C15】_motivate human beings, satisfying them depends heavily on the ability to【C16】_ future circumstances. The attempt to predict is often played in a 【C17】_ of knowledge and understanding. If you can understand why certain regul
14、ar patterns 【C18】_. you can predict better than if you simply observe those patterns. Thus, human inquiry aims【C19】_answering both “what“ and “why“ question, and we pursue these【C20】_ by observing and figuring out.(分数:40.00)(1).【C1】(分数:2.00)A.exhibitB.exaggerateC.examineD.exceed(2).【C2】(分数:2.00)A.co
15、ntextsB.circumstancesC.inspectionsD.intuitions(3).【C3】(分数:2.00)A.underestimateB.undermineC.undertakeD.undergo(4).【C4】(分数:2.00)A.speciallyB.particularlyC.alwaysD.generally(5).【C5】(分数:2.00)A.somehowB.somebodyC.someoneD.something(6).【C6】(分数:2.00)A.enactB.affectC.reflectD.inflect(7).【C7】(分数:2.00)A.meeti
16、ngB.occurrenceC.encounterD.contact(8).【C8】(分数:2.00)A.patternsB.designsC.arrangementsD.pictures(9).【C9】(分数:2.00)A.disappointedB.absentC.inadequateD.absolute(10).【C10】(分数:2.00)A.createsB.producesC.losesD.protects(11).【C11】(分数:2.00)A.obscureB.indistinctC.explicitD.explosive(12).【C12】(分数:2.00)A.forB.atC
17、.inD.with(13).【C13】(分数:2.00)A.distinguishB.distinctC.distortD.distract(14).【C14】(分数:2.00)A.atB.onC.toD.under(15).【C15】(分数:2.00)A.whyB.howC.thatD.where(16).【C16】(分数:2.00)A.predictB.produceC.pretendD.precede(17).【C17】(分数:2.00)A.contentB.contactC.contestD.context(18).【C18】(分数:2.00)A.happenB.occurC.occu
18、pyD.incur(19).【C19】(分数:2.00)A.atB.onC.toD.beyond(20).【C20】(分数:2.00)A.purposesB.ambitionsC.drivesD.goals考研英语(完形填空)-试卷 38 答案解析(总分:120.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数:3,分数:120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A
19、, B, C or D.(分数:40.00)_解析:In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which, taken together, comprise the whole vocabulary. First, there are those words【C1】_which we become acquainted in daily conversation, which we 【C2】_, that is to say, from the【C3】_of our own family and from
20、 our familiar associates, and 【C4】_we should know and use【C5】_we could not read or write. They【C6】_the common things of life, and are the stock in trade of all who【C7】_the language. such words may be called “popular“, since they belong to the people 【C8】_and are not the exclusive【C9】_of a limited cl
21、ass. On the other hand, our language 【C10】_ a multitude of words which are comparatively【C11】_used in ordinary conversation. Their meanings are known to every educated person, but there is little【C12】_ to use them at home or in the market-place. Our【C13】_acquaintance with them comes not from our mot
22、her“s【C14】_or from the talk of our schoolmates , 【C15】_from books that we read, lectures that we【C16】_, or the more【C17】_conversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular【C18】_ in a style appropriately elevated above the habitual【C19】_of everyday life. Such words are called
23、 “learned“, and the【C20】_between them and the “popular“ words is of great importance to a right understanding of linguistic process.(分数:40.00)(1).【C1】(分数:2.00)A.atB.with C.byD.through解析:解析:考查惯用搭配。本句中由 with which 引导的定语从句,修饰先行词 those words。短语become acquainted with sbsth意为“认识某人,了解某事”。故选 Bwith。(2).【C2】(
24、分数:2.00)A.studyB.imitateC.stimulateD.learn 解析:解析:考查动词辨析。imitate 意为“模仿”,stimulate 意为“刺激,激发”。study 和 learn都有“学习”的意思,study 着重研究,而 learn 指一般性的学习,故选 Dlearn。(3).【C3】(分数:2.00)A.matesB.relativesC.members D.fellows解析:解析:考查名词辨析。mate 意为“伙伴,同事”,可组成复合名词,如:roommate 同房间的人。relative 意为“亲戚”,member 意为“成员”,family membe
25、r 意为“家庭成员”,fellow 意为“伙伴,家伙”。故选 Cmembers。(4).【C4】(分数:2.00)A.which B.thatC.thoseD.ones解析:解析:考查语法知识非限制性定语从句。which 引导非限制性定语从句,和前面的定语从句并列,修饰先行词 those words,关系代词 that 只能在限制性定语从句中代替 which。(5).【C5】(分数:2.00)A.evenB.despiteC.even if D.in spite of解析:解析:考查逻辑关系。even if 在这里引导条件状语从句。even 是副词,不能引导状语从句。in spite of 和
26、 despite 表示“尽管”,为介词词组或介词,也不能引导状语从句。(6).【C6】(分数:2.00)A.mindB.concern C.careD.relate解析:解析:考查动词辨析。根据语境可知,本句的意思是“它们涉及生活中的一般性事情,是所有使用这种语言的人惯用的语言材料。concern 意为“涉及”,mind 和 care 表示“介意,计较”,relate 表示“讲述,叙述”,均不符合文意。(7).【C7】(分数:2.00)A.hireB.applyC.adoptD.use 解析:解析:考查动词辨析。根据语境可知,此处意为“使用语言”,Duse 意为“使用”,符合题意,为正确选项。
27、hire 意为“雇用”;apply 意为“应用”;adopt 意为“采纳”,均不符合题意。(8).【C8】(分数:2.00)A.in publicB.at mostC.at large D.at best解析:解析:考查介词短语辨析。at large 意为“普遍的,一般的”,与后面的 exclusive 相对,符合语境,故选 C。in public 意为“公开地,当众”;at most 意为“至多,不超过”;at best 意为“充其量,至多”,均不符合题意。(9).【C9】(分数:2.00)A.right BJ privilegeB.shareC.possession 解析:解析:考查名词辨
28、析。share 意为“份额,共享”,符合句意,因此答案为 Cshare。right 和privilege 意为“权利,特权”,不符合题意;possession 意为“拥有,占有”,通常指拥有财物。(10).【C10】(分数:2.00)A.consistsB.comprises C.constitutesD.composes解析:解析:考查动词辨析。comprise“包含,包括,由组成”,符合语法结构和语义。因此答案为Bcomprises。compose 常用于被动结构 be composed of,表示“由组成”;consist 是不及物动词,必须和 of 组成短语动词表示“由组成”;cons
29、titute 意为“构成”,三项均不符合题意。(11).【C11】(分数:2.00)A.seldom B.muchC.neverD.often解析:解析:考查副词辨析。seldom 意为“不经常,很少”,符合此处语义。故选 Aseldom。(12).【C12】(分数:2.00)A.prospectB.wayC.reasonD.necessity 解析:解析:考查名词辨析。prospect“前景”;way“方式”;reason“理由”;necessity“必要性”。只有 Dnecessity 符合句意。(13).【C13】(分数:2.00)A.primaryB.first C.principal
30、D.prior解析:解析:考查形容词辨析。本句意为“我们最初既不是从母亲嘴里,也不是从同学那里了解这些单词的”。first“第一,首先”,符合句意,因此答案为 Bfirst。primary“基本的,原始的”;prior“优先的,在先的”;principal“主要的,首要的”,均不符合题意。(14).【C14】(分数:2.00)A.tipsB.mouthC.lips D.tongue解析:解析:考查固定搭配。learn sth. from ones lips 是固定搭配,表示“从某人嘴里得知”。故Clips 符合题意。(15).【C15】(分数:2.00)A.besidesB.andC.orD.
31、but 解析:解析:考查逻辑关系。根据上下文可知,空格处前后表达的是转折关系,故答案为 Dbut。(16).【C16】(分数:2.00)A.hear ofB.attend C.hear fromD.listen解析:解析:考查习惯搭配。attend a lecture“参加一个讲座”。故答案为 Battend。(17).【C17】(分数:2.00)A.formerB.formulaC.formal D.formative解析:解析:考查词语辨析。formal“正式的”,符合此处语义,故选 Cformal。former“以前的”;formula“公式,方程”;formative“形成的”,均不符
32、合题意。(18).【C18】(分数:2.00)A.themeB.topic C.ideaD.point解析:解析:考查名词辨析。theme“主题”;topic“话题”;idea“主意”;point“要点”。本句指讨论的话题,故选 Btopic。(19).【C19】(分数:2.00)A.borderB.linkC.degreeD.extent 解析:解析:考查名词辨析。degree 和 extent 均可表示程度,但 extent 还可表示“范围”。本句意为:讨论问题的方式超越了日常生活的范围,所以选 Dextent。order“边界”,link“连接”,均不符合题意。(20).【C20】(分数
33、:2.00)A.diversionB.distinction C.diversityD.similarity解析:解析:考查名词辨析。diversion“转移,转向”;distinction“差别”;diversity“多样性,变化”;similarity“相似之处”。根据语境可知,此处意为“学术性词语和大众化词语之间的差别”,故选 Bdistinction。Have you ever wondered what our future is like? Practically all people【C1】_a desire to predict their future【C2】_. Most
34、people seem inclined to【C3】_this task using causal reasoning. First we【C4】_recognize that future circumstances are【C5】_ caused or conditioned by present ones. We learn that getting an education will【C6】_how much money we earn later and that swimming beyond the reef may bring an unhappy【C7】_ with a s
35、hark. Second, people also learn that such【C8】_of cause and effect are probabilistic in nature. That is, the effects occur more often when the causes occur than when the causes are【C9】_, but not always. Thus, students learn that studying hard【C10】_good grades in most instances, but not every time. Sc
36、ience makes these concepts of causality and probability more【C11】_and provides techniques for dealing【C12】_then more accurately than does causal human inquiry. In looking at ordinary human inquiry, we need to 【C13】_between prediction and understanding. Often, even if we don“t understand why, we are
37、willing to act 【C14】_the basis of a demonstrated predictive ability. Whatever the primitive drives 【C15】_motivate human beings, satisfying them depends heavily on the ability to【C16】_ future circumstances. The attempt to predict is often played in a 【C17】_ of knowledge and understanding. If you can
38、understand why certain regular patterns 【C18】_. you can predict better than if you simply observe those patterns. Thus, human inquiry aims【C19】_answering both “what“ and “why“ question, and we pursue these【C20】_ by observing and figuring out.(分数:40.00)(1).【C1】(分数:2.00)A.exhibit B.exaggerateC.examine
39、D.exceed解析:解析:考查动词辨析。exhibit“展出,表现”;exaggerate“夸张”;examine“检查,考试”;exceed“超越,胜过”。原句意为:实际上,人们会对未来的生活怀有(展示出)一定的愿望。故选Aexhibit。(2).【C2】(分数:2.00)A.contextsB.circumstances C.inspectionsD.intuitions解析:解析:考查名词辨析。context“上下文”,circumstance“环境”,inspection“检查,视察”,intuition“直觉”。联系后文出现了“future circumstances”,属于原义再
40、现。故选Bcircumstances。(3).【C3】(分数:2.00)A.underestimateB.undermineC.undertake D.undergo解析:解析:考查动词辨析。underestimate“低估”,undermine“破坏”,undertake“承担,担任”,undergo“经历,遭受”。undertake a task 为常见搭配,意为“开始进行一项任务”,符合此处语境,故选 Cundertake。(4).【C4】(分数:2.00)A.speciallyB.particularlyC.alwaysD.generally 解析:解析:考查副词辨析。根据语境可知,此
41、处表达的意思为“一般来讲”,故答案为Dgenerally。其他选项均不符合题意。(5).【C5】(分数:2.00)A.somehow B.somebodyC.someoneD.something解析:解析:考查词语辨析。somehow“不知何故,以某种方式”,符合语义,故选Asomehow。somebody“某人”;someone“某人,有人”;something“某事”,均不符合题意。(6).【C6】(分数:2.00)A.enactB.affect C.reflectD.inflect解析:解析:考查动词辨析。affect 意为“影响,感动”,符合语境,为正确选项。enact“制定法律,颁布
42、”;reflect“反映”;inflect“弯曲”,均不符合题意。(7).【C7】(分数:2.00)A.meetingB.occurrenceC.encounter D.contact解析:解析:考查名词辨析。encounter 指“没有事先计划的、未料到的、短暂的相遇”,符合语境,故选 Cencounter。meeting“遇见”;occurrence“出现,发生”;contact“联系”,均不符合题意。(8).【C8】(分数:2.00)A.patterns B.designsC.arrangementsD.pictures解析:解析:考查名词辨析。第一段中提到过人们习惯用因果关系去推断,这
43、是一种思考模式。pattern“模式,式样”,符合句意,故选 Apatterns。design“设计”;arrangement“安排”;picture“图画”,均不符合题意。(9).【C9】(分数:2.00)A.disappointedB.absent C.inadequateD.absolute解析:解析:考查形容词辨析。根据文中意思,应选一个与 occur 意思相反的词。absent“缺少的,不在的”,符合句意,因此答案为 Babsent。disappointed“失望的”;inadequate“不充分的”;absolute“完全的”,均不符合题意。(10).【C10】(分数:2.00)A
44、.createsB.produces C.losesD.protects解析:解析:考查动词辨析。原句意为学生知道努力学习在大多数情况下会得到高的分数。produce“产生,得到”,符合语义,故选 Bproduces。create“创造”;lose“失去”;protect“保护”,均不符合题意。(11).【C11】(分数:2.00)A.obscureB.indistinctC.explicit D.explosive解析:解析:考查形容词辨析。obscure“朦胧的,模糊的”;indistinct“不清楚的”;explicit“明确的,清楚的”:explosive“爆炸的”。根据语境可知,此处
45、意为:科学使因果性和可能性的观念变得更加清楚。故答案为 Cexplicit。(12).【C12】(分数:2.00)A.forB.atC.inD.with 解析:解析:考查固定搭配。deal with“处理,安排”,符合语义,故答案为 Dwith。(13).【C13】(分数:2.00)A.distinguish B.distinctC.distortD.distract解析:解析:考查形近词辨析。空格处需要一个动词,且和后面的介词 between 搭配。distinguish 为动词,意为“区别,辨别”;distinct 为形容词,意为“清楚的,明显的”;distort 为动词,意为“扭曲,歪曲
46、”;distract 为动词,意为“分散,使分心”。distinguish between 为常用搭配,意为“区别和”。故答案为 Adistinguish。(14).【C14】(分数:2.00)A.atB.on C.toD.under解析:解析:考查固定搭配。on the basis of“以为基础”,故选 Bon。(15).【C15】(分数:2.00)A.whyB.howC.that D.where解析:解析:考查语法知识。drive 在此为名词,意为“动力”,空格后部分是对 drive 进行修饰,故选关系代词 that 引导定语从句。(16).【C16】(分数:2.00)A.predict
47、 B.produceC.pretendD.precede解析:解析:考查动词辨析。predict“预言”;produce“生产,制造”;pretend“假装”;precede“在之前”。此处动词修饰后面“future circumstances”,故选 Apredict。其他项均排除。(17).【C17】(分数:2.00)A.contentB.contactC.contestD.context 解析:解析:考查名词辨析。content“内容”;contact“接触”;contest“争论,竞赛”;context“上下文背景,环境”。in the context of 意为“在情况下”,符合文意。故选Dcontext。其他项均不符合。(18).【C18】(分数:2.00)A.happenB.occur C.occupyD.incur解析:解析:考查动词辨析。happen 与 occur 均表示“发生”,二者区别在于 happen 常指具体事件的发生,而 occur 还可用于抽象事物,如某想法出现在人的头脑中,故选 Boccur。其他项 occupy“占据”;incur“招数”,均不符合文意。(19).【C19】(分数:2.00)A.at B.onC.t