1、考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 32 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_If sustainable competitive advantage depends on workforce skills, American firm
2、s have a problem. Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as【C1】_ to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Labour is simply another factor of production to be hired or【C2】_at the lowest possible cost much【C3】_one buys raw materials or equipment. The lack of importanc
3、e【C4】_o human-resource management can be seen in the corporate hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second【C5】_command. The【C6】_of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who【C7】_
4、it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to【C8】_to Chief Executive Officer (CEO).【C9】_, in Japan the head of human-resource management is centralusually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm“ s 【C10】_. As a【C11】_, problems【C12】_when new breakthro
5、ugh technologies arrive. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn【C13】_to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is【C14】_in Germany than it is in the United States. More time is required before equipme
6、nt is up and running at capacity, and the need for【C15】_ retraining【C16】_costs and creates bottlenecks that【C17】_the speed with【C18】_new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological【C19】_. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population【C20】_the wages of the
7、 top half. If the bottom half can“ t effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.necessaryB.dispensableC.centralD.understandable(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.rentedB.acquiredC.requiredD.g
8、ot(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.likeB.thatC.asD.while(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.comparedB.attachedC.detachedD.entitled(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.inB.onC.throughD.by(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.responsibilityB.personalityC.importanceD.post(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.supervisesB.holdsC.managesD.brings(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.pick upB.start upC.put upD.
9、move up(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.FurthermoreB.SimilarlyC.AlthoughD.However(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.hierarchyB.postC.positionD.management(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.matterB.factC.resultD.case(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.inventB.emergeC.performD.expose(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.howB.whatC.whereD.whom(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.fewerB.highe
10、rC.littlerD.lower(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.extensiveB.intensiveC.excessiveD.decisive(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.producesB.generatesC.manufacturesD.grows(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.promoteB.limitC.confineD.accelerate(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.whichB.thatC.whereD.whom(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.innovationB.recessionC.progressionD.ad
11、aptation(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.raiseB.liftC.affectD.balanceAmericans“ pride and faith of their economic system,【C1】_that it provides opportunities for all citizens to have good lives, are【C2】_ by the【C3】_that poverty persists in many parts of country. Government anti-poverty efforts have made some pro
12、gress but have not eradicated the problem. 【C4】_, periods of strong economic growth, which bring more jobs and higher wages, have 【C5】_ poverty but have no【C6】_ it entirely. The federal government【C7】_poverty line as a minimum【C8】_of income【C9】_for basic maintenance of a family or four. This amount
13、may fluctuated【C10】_the cost of living and the location of the family. In 1998, a family of four with an annual income below $ 16,530 was classified【C11】_living in poverty. The percentage of people living below poverty line dropped from 22.4 percent in 1959 to 11.4 percent in 1978. But【C12】_, it has
14、 fluctuated in a fairly narrow range. In 1998, it stood at 12.7 percent. 【C13】_, the overall figures mask much more severe pockets of poverty. In 1998, more than one-quarter of all African-Americans lived in poverty; though【C14】_high, that figure did represent an improvement from 1979 when 31 percen
15、tage of blacks were officially classified as poor. There are【C15】_estimations on the accuracy of official poverty figures. Some analysts have suggested that the official poverty figures【C16】_the real【C17】_of poverty because they measure only cash income and exclude certain government assistance prog
16、rams such as Food Stamps. Others point out, however, that these programs【C18】_cover all of a family“s food or health care needs.【C19】_others point out that people at the poverty line sometimes receive cash income from【C20】_work and in the underground sector of economy which is never recorded in offi
17、cial statistics.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.supportingB.believingC.admittingD.doubting(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.backed BJ sustainedB.rejectedC.retarded(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.conceptB.notionC.perceptionD.fact(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.MoreoverB.ConsequentlyC.SimilarlyD.Unexpectedly(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.addedB.aggravatedC
18、.reducedD.abolished(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.eliminatedB.decreasedC.convertedD.lessened(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.perceivesB.definesC.regulatesD.views(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.amountB.numberC.dealD.quantity(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.enoughB.insufficientC.scarceD.necessary(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.relying onB.focusing onC.depending on
19、D.looking on(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.inB.asC.belowD.above(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.from now onB.thenC.since thenD.long before(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.On the contraryB.On the other handC.Even ifD.What is more(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.distressinglyB.encouraginglyC.promisinglyD.passively(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.uniqueB.cont
20、roversialC.wrongD.misleading(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.understateB.overstateC.boastD.exaggerate(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.extentB.extensionC.rangeD.situation(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.fullyB.mostlyC.rarelyD.sometimes(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.MoreB.ManyC.FewD.Still(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.permanentB.regularC.seldomD.casual考研英语
21、（完形填空）-试卷 32 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：If sustainable competitive advantage depends on workforce skills, American firms
22、have a problem. Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as【C1】_ to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Labour is simply another factor of production to be hired or【C2】_at the lowest possible cost much【C3】_one buys raw materials or equipment. The lack of importance【
23、C4】_o human-resource management can be seen in the corporate hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second【C5】_command. The【C6】_of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who【C7】_it
24、 is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to【C8】_to Chief Executive Officer (CEO).【C9】_, in Japan the head of human-resource management is centralusually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm“ s 【C10】_. As a【C11】_, problems【C12】_when new breakthroug
25、h technologies arrive. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn【C13】_to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is【C14】_in Germany than it is in the United States. More time is required before equipment
26、 is up and running at capacity, and the need for【C15】_ retraining【C16】_costs and creates bottlenecks that【C17】_the speed with【C18】_new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological【C19】_. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population【C20】_the wages of the t
27、op half. If the bottom half can“ t effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.necessaryB.dispensableC.central D.understandable解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。necessary“必要的”；dispensable“非必要的”；ce
28、ntral“处于中心位置的”；understandable“可以理解的”。根据语境可知，此处句意为：在美国，传统上，人们并不认为人力资源管理是决定企业生存的核心因素。故 Ccentral 为最佳选项。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.rented B.acquiredC.requiredD.got解析：解析：考查动词辨析。由题意知，空格处与前面的“hired”形成了对应结构。因此Arented“租用”符合题意，为正确选项。acquired“获得”；required“要求，需要”；got“得到”，均不符合题意。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.likeB.thatC.as D.while
29、解析：解析：考查语篇理解。根据语境可知，此处应表达的意思为“像一样”，like 与 as 均有此意，但是 like 一般后接名词或者词组，而 as 一般后接句子。故答案为 Cas。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.comparedB.attached C.detachedD.entitled解析：解析：考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，空格处所在句意为：对人力资源缺乏重视从企业的等级制度中就可以看出来。Battached(to)意为“与有关的，附属于”，符合语境。compared(to)“与相比较”；detached(to)“与分离”；entitled(to)“有资格，有权利”，均不符合题意。故
30、答案为BAttached。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.in B.onC.throughD.by解析：解析：考查惯用搭配。second in command 意为“二把手”，故答案为 Ain。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.responsibilityB.personalityC.importanceD.post 解析：解析：考查名词辨析。空格处所在句子表语为“a specialized job”，因此可以推知，空格处所在句意为：人力资源管理的负责人的“职位”(而非“责任”、“个性”、“重要性”、)通常被认为是一个专业化的工作。因此答案为 Dpost“职位，职务”。(7).【C7
31、】（分数：2.00）A.supervisesB.holds C.managesD.brings解析：解析：考查动词辨析。由前文中“The post of head of human resource management”可知，空格处动词的宾语为“the post”。又因主语为“The executive”，则 Bholds“占有，拥有”符合题意，表示“占有、拥有这个职务”，其他选项均不符合题意。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.pick upB.start upC.put upD.move up 解析：解析：考查动词短语辨析。pick up“捡起，学会，恢复”；start up“开始”；
32、put up“建造，公布，提高(价格)，提名为候选人”；move up“升级，升迁”。根据语境可知，此处意在表达“人力资源管理的责任人没有机会晋升至首席执行官的位置”，因此 Dmove up 正确。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.FurthermoreB.SimilarlyC.AlthoughD.However 解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。空格前阐述：主管人力资源的管理者在企业中地位不突出；空格后阐述：在日本，人力资源管理的负责人在企业登记体系中处于核心。据此推知，此处为转折关系，因此正确答案为 DHowever。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.hierarchy B.postC
33、.positionD.management解析：解析：考查名词辨析。空格处所在句子谈论了人力资源负责人在日本企业中的地位，前文中也谈论了人力资源负责人地位的问题，且提到了“corporate hierarchy”，故此处也应用 Ahierarchy“等级”。其他选项均不符合题意。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.matterB.fact C.resultD.case解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。有三项能与“as a”搭配：as a fact“事实上”；as a result“结果”：as a case“作为一个例子”。前一段阐述：美国不重视人力资源；空格后阐述了问题的出现。由此推知，此处应
34、为因果关系。因此答案为 Bfact。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.inventB.emerge C.performD.expose解析：解析：考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，此处应表达“问题出现了”，故答案为 Bemerge。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.how B.whatC.whereD.whom解析：解析：考查语篇理解。根据语境可知，空格处的意思应为：如果美国工人需要花费比德国工人长得多的时间去学习如何操作新的多用途制造设备。所以答案应为 Ahow。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.fewerB.higherC.littlerD.lower 解析：解析：考查形
35、容词辨析。空格处所在句子的意思为：如果美国工人需要花费比德国工人长得多的时间去学习如何操作新的多用途制造设备，那么这种设备的有效成本在德国就比在美国要_。根据这个条件句可以判断出空格处表达的意思是“比低”，故选 Dlower。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.extensive B.intensiveC.excessiveD.decisive解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。本题可运用对应成分分析法来找出答案。More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity，and the need for _ retr
36、aining在这个句子中，required 与 the need 对应；More time 与空格处单词对应。More time 表示数量上的概念，Aextensive“大量的”，符合对应条件，代入句中，表示“需要大量的重新培训”，符合文意。intensive“密集的，集中的”；excessive“过分的，过量的”；decisive“果断的，决定性的”，均不符合题意。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.producesB.generates C.manufacturesD.grows解析：解析：考查动词辨析。空格处明显处于一个平行结构_ costs and creates bottlen
37、ecks之中，Bgenerates 意为“形成，引起，产生”，符合对应条件，为正确答案。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.promoteB.limit C.confineD.accelerate解析：解析：考查动词辨析。空格处谓语动词的主语为“bottlenecks(瓶颈)”，宾语为“the speed(速度)”，Blimit“限制”，代入句中，表示“瓶颈制约了新设备被应用的速度”，符合文意。promote“提升”；confine“限制，禁闭，管制”，多指“使用外力控制自由”，不如 limit 贴切；accelerate“加快”，三项均不符合题意。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）
38、A.which B.thatC.whereD.whom解析：解析：考查语法知识。本句考查定语从句的引导词。定语从句先行词为 the speed，又因空格前有介词 with，所以只有 Awhich 符合题意。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.innovation B.recessionC.progressionD.adaptation解析：解析：考查名词辨析。空格处所在句意为：“其结果就是技术_的速度降低了。”四个选项，innovation 意为“创新”，常和“technological”搭配，technological innovation 意为“技术进步”，符合文意；recessio
39、n“衰退”，显然不对；progression“进步”，可以用于此处，但没有 innovation贴切；adaptation“调整”，语义不明，故排除。因此，本题最佳选项为 Ainnovation。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.raiseB.liftC.affect D.balance解析：解析：考查动词辨析。空格处所在句意为：最终，人口中处于劣势群体的技能就会_优势群体的工资。raise 与 lift 均有“提高”之意，可排除；affect“影响”，符合句意；balance“平衡”，不符合文意，故答案为 Caffect。Americans“ pride and faith of t
40、heir economic system,【C1】_that it provides opportunities for all citizens to have good lives, are【C2】_ by the【C3】_that poverty persists in many parts of country. Government anti-poverty efforts have made some progress but have not eradicated the problem. 【C4】_, periods of strong economic growth, whi
41、ch bring more jobs and higher wages, have 【C5】_ poverty but have no【C6】_ it entirely. The federal government【C7】_poverty line as a minimum【C8】_of income【C9】_for basic maintenance of a family or four. This amount may fluctuated【C10】_the cost of living and the location of the family. In 1998, a family
42、 of four with an annual income below $ 16,530 was classified【C11】_living in poverty. The percentage of people living below poverty line dropped from 22.4 percent in 1959 to 11.4 percent in 1978. But【C12】_, it has fluctuated in a fairly narrow range. In 1998, it stood at 12.7 percent. 【C13】_, the ove
43、rall figures mask much more severe pockets of poverty. In 1998, more than one-quarter of all African-Americans lived in poverty; though【C14】_high, that figure did represent an improvement from 1979 when 31 percentage of blacks were officially classified as poor. There are【C15】_estimations on the acc
44、uracy of official poverty figures. Some analysts have suggested that the official poverty figures【C16】_the real【C17】_of poverty because they measure only cash income and exclude certain government assistance programs such as Food Stamps. Others point out, however, that these programs【C18】_cover all
45、of a family“s food or health care needs.【C19】_others point out that people at the poverty line sometimes receive cash income from【C20】_work and in the underground sector of economy which is never recorded in official statistics.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.supportingB.believing C.admittingD.doubting
46、解析：解析：考查动词辨析。空格前“Americanspride and faith of their economic system”说明了美国人对其经济制度的骄傲与信仰，因此 Bbelieving“相信”最能符合语境。support 意为“支持”；admit 意为“承认”；doubt 意为“怀疑”，均不符合题意。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.backed BJ sustainedB.rejectedC.retarded 解析：解析：考查动词辨析。空格前在阐述“Americanspride and faith of their economic system”说明了美国人对其经济制度的
47、骄傲与信仰，空格后提及“that poverty persists in many parts of country”，说明贫困在这个国家许多地方都存在，前后为矛盾关系。rejected“被拒绝，被推翻”，代入句中，表示美国人对其经济制度的骄傲与信仰被这个国家无所不在的贫困现象推翻了，符合语境，因此答案为 Crejected。backed“被支持”；sustained“被保持”；retarded“被延迟”，均不符合题意。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.conceptB.notionC.perceptionD.fact 解析：解析：考查名词辨析。空格处所填入的名词为其后定语从句的先行词。该定语从句的意思为：贫困在这个国家许多地方都存在。Dfact 意为“事实”，符合句意，为正确选项。其他三项均不符合题意。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.MoreoverB.ConsequentlyC.Similarly D.Unexpectedly解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。空格前文主要表述了：政府的反贫困努力虽然取得了一定的进步，但是还是没有消除贫困问题。空格后接着提到了：强劲的经济增长虽然带来了更多的工作和高工资，但也没能完全消除贫困。前后阐述一致，
