1、考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 31 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_They are regarded as chores by both sexes, but fall disproportionately on only
2、one. The latest survey of time use in America suggests women still【C1】_most of the housework, spending on average an hour a day scrubbing, hoovering and shopping, 【C2】_with barely 20 minutes for the unfairer sex. Standard【C3】_for this division of labour 【C4】_on the pay gap between the sexes. A recen
3、t report shows women【C5】_earn about 20% less than men in America Couples can maximise earnings【C6】_the lower-paid (usually female) partner does the【C7】_work at home. But in a new paper Leslie Stratton of Virginia Commonwealth University asks【C8】_different attitudes to housework also play a【C9】_ in s
4、haring the dusting. Mr Stratton draws on data from the Time Use Survey in Britain,【C10】_shows how people spent their day and which tasks they enjoyed. Attitudes certainly【C11】_: women disliked laundry less than men. Ironing was generally dreaded; weirdly large numbers of both sexes liked shopping fo
5、r food. Mr Stratton found some【C12】_for the pay-gap hypothesis. Women with higher wages did a little【C13】_work at home. A woman who earned 10% more than【C14】_ducked out of two minutes“ housework per weekday. Her partner heroically【C15】_up this time at the weekend. 【C16】_his wages made no difference【
6、C17】_ the extent of his efforts around the house. There is【C18】_in the idea that chores go to the lower-paid partner. But cause and effect are【C19】_ . Do women do more【C20】_lower pay, or might their careers suffer from a disproportionate burden at home?（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.loadB.shoulderC.re
7、moveD.ease(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.comparedB.combinedC.identifiedD.compensated(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.conclusionsB.commentariesC.explanationsD.judgments(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.restB.decideC.carryD.count(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.neverB.stillC.graduallyD.hardly(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.althoughB.unlessC.forD.if(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.v
8、olunteerB.productiveC.unpaidD.flexible(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.whyB.whetherC.whatD.that(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.roleB.linkC.functionD.work(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.whatB.whoC.whichD.that(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.accordedB.conflictedC.differedD.worked(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.evidenceB.recognitionC.guidanceD.identity(13).【C13】
9、（分数：2.00）A.harderB.lowerC.lessD.more(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.ordinaryB.averageC.generalD.common(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.filledB.madeC.pickedD.set(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.ButB.SoC.ConsequentlyD.Similarly(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.byB.atC.toD.within(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.doubtB.advantageC.beliefD.truth(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）
10、A.obviousB.uncommonC.absoluteD.unclear(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.in spite ofB.in order forC.along withD.because ofWhat does the hamburger say about our modem food economy? A lot, actually. Over the past several years Waldo Jaquith intended to make a hamburger from scratch, to no avail. “Further【C1】_reveal
11、ed that it“s quite impractical【C2】_impossibleto make a hamburger from scratch,“ he writes. “Tomatoes are in season in the late summer. Lettuce is in season in spring and fall. Large mammals are【C13】_in early winter. The【C4】_of making such a burger would take nearly a year and would inherently involv
12、e omitting some core hamburger【C5】_ .“ That the hamburgerour delicious and comforting everyman fooddidn“t【C6】_100 years ago is a greasy, shiny example of all that is both right【C7】_wrong with our modern food economy. 【C8】_fertilizers, genetically modified crops, concentrated farming operations and g
13、lobal overnight shipping, much of the world was lifted out of starvation【C9】_it could finally grow【C10】_quantities of food with decreasing labor【C11】_. But these same【C12】_that allow food to be grown out of【C13】_ and in all corners of the globe contribute to a whole host of environmental【C14】_. The
14、“industrialization of food,“ as author Paul Roberts puts it, is an endless cycle driven by very small price【C15】_that force food processors to【C16】_more advanced techniques to produce even more food【C17】_lower prices. This system will only be aggravated as food demand 【C18】_. Recently David Tilman a
15、nd Jason Hill of the University of Minnesota released a study【C19】_that global food demand could double by 2050. It“s【C20】_that our current, impractical food economy can sustain that demand.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.reflectionB.calculationC.inquiryD.search(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.barelyB.roughlyC.sligh
16、tlyD.nearly(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.slaughteredB.bredC.starvedD.protected(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.stepsB.processC.proceduresD.price(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.flavorsB.tastesC.recipesD.ingredients(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.occurB.existC.surviveD.maintain(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.andB.orC.yetD.but(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.Liable toB.In terms
17、ofC.In view ofD.Thanks to(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.whileB.unlessC.becauseD.if(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.largeB.significantC.considerableD.sufficient(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.classB.inputC.poolD.mobility(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.advancesB.strategiesC.flawsD.tricks(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.proportionB.controlC.styleD.season(14).
18、【C14】（分数：2.00）A.benefitsB.topicsC.problemsD.policies(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.changesB.increasesC.variationsD.margins(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.chooseB.adoptC.acceptD.take(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.forB.atC.overD.about(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.advancesB.transfersC.increasesD.progresses(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.denyingB.findin
19、gC.provingD.anticipating(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.doubtfulB.impossibleC.likelyD.hopeful考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 31 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00
20、）_解析：They are regarded as chores by both sexes, but fall disproportionately on only one. The latest survey of time use in America suggests women still【C1】_most of the housework, spending on average an hour a day scrubbing, hoovering and shopping, 【C2】_with barely 20 minutes for the unfairer sex. Sta
21、ndard【C3】_for this division of labour 【C4】_on the pay gap between the sexes. A recent report shows women【C5】_earn about 20% less than men in America Couples can maximise earnings【C6】_the lower-paid (usually female) partner does the【C7】_work at home. But in a new paper Leslie Stratton of Virginia Com
22、monwealth University asks【C8】_different attitudes to housework also play a【C9】_ in sharing the dusting. Mr Stratton draws on data from the Time Use Survey in Britain,【C10】_shows how people spent their day and which tasks they enjoyed. Attitudes certainly【C11】_: women disliked laundry less than men.
23、Ironing was generally dreaded; weirdly large numbers of both sexes liked shopping for food. Mr Stratton found some【C12】_for the pay-gap hypothesis. Women with higher wages did a little【C13】_work at home. A woman who earned 10% more than【C14】_ducked out of two minutes“ housework per weekday. Her part
24、ner heroically【C15】_up this time at the weekend. 【C16】_his wages made no difference【C17】_ the extent of his efforts around the house. There is【C18】_in the idea that chores go to the lower-paid partner. But cause and effect are【C19】_ . Do women do more【C20】_lower pay, or might their careers suffer fr
25、om a disproportionate burden at home?（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.loadB.shoulder C.removeD.ease解析：解析：空格处是 women 发出的动作，该动作的宾语是 housework。B 项 shoulder 正好与宾语搭配，表示“承担家务劳动”。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.compared B.combinedC.identifiedD.compensated解析：解析：文章首句说男女双方在承担家务活上不相称，此空所在句接着列出男女双方花在家务上的时间，这两个数据一对比立刻印证了首旬所说的“不相
26、称”，即空格前后属于对比和比较的关系。A 项compared 与 with 搭配，表示“与比较”，符合此处的语义逻辑。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.conclusionsB.commentariesC.explanations D.judgments解析：解析：根据 pay gap“薪水差距”，可推测本句是在探讨上文讲的“男女双方在承担家务上不均等”的原因，C 项 explanations“解释”最适合。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.rest B.decideC.carryD.count解析：解析：本句是在解释“承担家务男女有别”的原因，rest on 意为“以为基础，建立在上
27、”，代入句中表示“对于承担家务男女有别的解释是基于男女双方的收入差距”，即收入差距作为承担家务男女有别的主要原因，符合此处的逻辑关系，故 A 项为正确答案。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.neverB.still C.graduallyD.hardly解析：解析：上一段表明女方花在家务上的时间比男方多，本段即讲到这种情况跟男女收入差距的关系。空格所在句意为“最近的一项报告表明，美国女性收人_比男性低 20”。此空后一句提到 the lower-paid(usually female)partner does thework at home“收入较低的一方(通常为女方)做家里的活”，言下之
28、意即女方的收入通常低于男方，由此可知本题不能填表示否定的词，可先排除 A 项never 和 D 项 hardly。C 项 graadually“渐渐地，日渐”常用于表述逐步转变的过程或状态，而文中说女性挣钱比男性少约 20，这里的比较给出具体的差值(20%)，并非描述一种渐变的动态过程，因此排除 C项。B 项 still“仍然”表明女性现在的收入仍低于男性，符合上下文的语义逻辑。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.althoughB.unlessC.forD.if 解析：解析：若男女双方在赚钱能力上有差异，让收入低的一方做家务比让收入高的一方做家务会更有经济效益，因为这意味着收入高的一方可以
29、通过花更多时间在外工作来获取更多的收人。由此推断“收入较低的一方去做工作”是“使夫妻收入最大化”的条件，故选 D 项 if。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.volunteerB.productiveC.unpaid D.flexible解析：解析：空格修饰 work at home(家务活)，本段说到男女家务分配与双方收入差距的关系，本句提到的 lower-paid 提示了修饰 work 的这个词也可能跟报酬情况相关，而家务活是“没有报酬的”，因此选C 项 unpaid“无报酬的”。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.whyB.whether C.whatD.that解析：解析：根据空
30、格前的 ask 可排除不能引导疑问句的 D 项 that；下文论证的是态度不同确实影响着家务分配，没有提及原因和是何种不同态度带来影响，可排除 A 项 why 和 C 项 what。只有 B 项whether“是否”合适。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.role B.linkC.functionD.work解析：解析：play a role 为固定搭配，表示“起作用”，故选 A。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.whatB.whoC.which D.that解析：解析：这是一个非限制性定语从句，可先排除 A 项 what 和 D 项 that。从句缺少主语，该主语指代主句中的 t
31、he Time Use Survey in Britain，这属于事物而非人，故选 C 项 which。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.accordedB.conflictedC.differed D.worked解析：解析：冒号后的内容是对冒号前的句子作出解释说明。冒号后列举了男女对几样家务所持的态度，有相同的(如洗衣)，也有不同的(如熨烫衣服和购买食品)，即男女对家务所持的态度还是不完全一样。因此选 C 项 differed“不同”。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.evidence B.recognitionC.guidanceD.identity解析：解析：根据空格后
32、面的 pay-gap hypothesis“薪水差距假设”，联系下文说的收入较高的女性在家就做少一点家务，可知这是一个 evidence“证据”。recognition“识别”；guidance“指导”；identity“身份；个性”。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.harderB.lowerC.less D.more解析：解析：此空所在句大意为“收入较高的女性所做家务就_些。”，后一句则用统计数据对该句进行说明。A woman who earned 10% more than则对应 Women with higher wages“收入较高的女性”，关键在于理解 duck out o
33、f“避开”，ducked out of two minuteshousework 意即“做家务的时间会减少 2 分钟”，即她们所做的家务会少一点，由此推断此空选 C 项 less。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.ordinaryB.average C.generalD.common解析：解析：10% more than 表明这是一个数值的比较，跟“平均水平”作比较，符合逻辑，故选 B 项average“平均水平”合适。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.filledB.made C.pickedD.set解析：解析：家务活总量没变，上文说收人较高的女性干家务的时间少一点，那总得
34、有人补做这些少做的家务。这句话提及这个女性的丈夫，想必是要补回妻子少干家务的时间了。因此选 B 项 made，make up 意为“弥补”，符合文意。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.But B.SoC.ConsequentlyD.Similarly解析：解析：这句话说男性收入与他干家务的多少无关，这与上文的女性收入较高就会少干家务的情况相反。因此选 But。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.byB.atC.to D.within解析：解析：四个选项中只有 C 项 to 能与 the extent of 搭配表示“程度”(做家务的多少)。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A
35、.doubtB.advantageC.beliefD.truth 解析：解析：空格所在句的主句是 There is_in the idea，后面的 that 引导从句作 idea 的同位语，表明 idea 的内容。文章最后两句由转折词 But 带出，对上述“收入差距导致男女家务分配的不相称”的观点提出了疑问，由此反推本句应该是对这一观念的肯定的、正面的陈述，故先排除 A 项 doubt“怀疑”。B 项 advantage“优势，益处”，本文并没有描述这种观点有何优势，该项缺乏文章线索。C 项belief“信任，信念”，通常指人的主观意念，此句为一个客观的陈述，不涉及某人的想法。D 项truth
36、“真理，事实，真实性”代入文中表示“这种的想法有一定道理”，符合上下文语义。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.obviousB.uncommonC.absoluteD.unclear 解析：解析：文章最后是一个疑问句，说明家务活由低收人者承担的因果关系并无定论，因此 D 项unclear“不清楚的”正确。obvious“明显的”；uncommon“不凡的”；absolute“绝对的”。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.in spite ofB.in order forC.along withD.because of 解析：解析：A 项 in spite of“尽管”，文中并没有
37、说女士尽管收入低还是愿意做更多家务，而且根据上文，家务活是没有报酬的。B 项 in order for“为了”代入文中即为“为了更低的报酬而做更多”，这从逻辑上就讲不通。C 项 along with“和一起，随着”代入文中语义不通。D 项 because of“因为”代入，正好符合上文一直在说的那个关于男女家务分配的标准解释即女性通常由于收入较低而承担更多的家务活，故本题选 D 项。What does the hamburger say about our modem food economy? A lot, actually. Over the past several years Wald
38、o Jaquith intended to make a hamburger from scratch, to no avail. “Further【C1】_revealed that it“s quite impractical【C2】_impossibleto make a hamburger from scratch,“ he writes. “Tomatoes are in season in the late summer. Lettuce is in season in spring and fall. Large mammals are【C13】_in early winter.
39、 The【C4】_of making such a burger would take nearly a year and would inherently involve omitting some core hamburger【C5】_ .“ That the hamburgerour delicious and comforting everyman fooddidn“t【C6】_100 years ago is a greasy, shiny example of all that is both right【C7】_wrong with our modern food economy
40、. 【C8】_fertilizers, genetically modified crops, concentrated farming operations and global overnight shipping, much of the world was lifted out of starvation【C9】_it could finally grow【C10】_quantities of food with decreasing labor【C11】_. But these same【C12】_that allow food to be grown out of【C13】_ an
41、d in all corners of the globe contribute to a whole host of environmental【C14】_. The “industrialization of food,“ as author Paul Roberts puts it, is an endless cycle driven by very small price【C15】_that force food processors to【C16】_more advanced techniques to produce even more food【C17】_lower price
42、s. This system will only be aggravated as food demand 【C18】_. Recently David Tilman and Jason Hill of the University of Minnesota released a study【C19】_that global food demand could double by 2050. It“s【C20】_that our current, impractical food economy can sustain that demand.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.0
43、0）A.reflection B.calculationC.inquiryD.search解析：解析：上文提到 Waldo Jaquith 从零开始做汉堡，但徒劳无功。本句应是对上文的总结，空格要填入句子的主语，根据 revealed that(显示)可知，A 项 reflection“反思”正确。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.barelyB.roughlyC.slightlyD.nearly 解析：解析：破折号中间的部分应是对 quite impractical(非常不切实际的)进一步补充，因此需要表“肯定”的副词修饰 impossible，表达不可能之意，故选 D 项 nearly
44、“几乎”。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.slaughtered B.bredC.starvedD.protected解析：解析：上文提到制作汉堡包需要的 tomatoes(西红柿)和 lettuce(生菜)，此句的主语 Large mammals(大型哺乳动物)是肉食的来源，此空填入 A 项 slaughtered，表示“屠宰”。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.stepsB.process C.proceduresD.price解析：解析：此处意为“制作一个汉堡的_约需要花费一年”，上文的Tomatoes，Lettuce，mammals 都是做汉堡过程中需要的原料，制作汉堡的过程
45、中需要采集所有的原料，再结合这几种原料可获得的时间，可判断制作汉堡的过程需要花费一年，因此空格应选表示“过程”含义的词，故选 B 项。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.flavorsB.tastesC.recipesD.ingredients 解析：解析：上文提到的 tomatoes(西红柿)和 lettuce(生菜)以及肉类都是制作汉堡的主要原料，故选 D项 ingredients“原料”正确。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.occurB.exist C.surviveD.maintain解析：解析：空格处于主语从句中，需填入谓语动词。主语为 hamburger，由 100 yea
46、rs ago 可推测汉堡包在 100 年前还不“存在”，因此 B 项 exist 正确。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.and B.orC.yetD.but解析：解析：根据空格前的 both，填入 A 项 and，表示对现代食品经济既是对的，又是错的。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.Liable toB.In terms ofC.In view ofD.Thanks to 解析：解析：空格后的“化肥、转基因作物、农场集中种植和全球快运等”是下文“世界上大部分人免受饥饿”的原因，故选表示“原因”的 D 项 Thanks to“由于”。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.whileB
47、.unlessC.because D.if解析：解析：空格后的句意为：用较少的劳动力最终生产出食物。这是空格前使大部分人免于挨饿的原因，故 C 项 because 正确。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.largeB.significantC.considerableD.sufficient 解析：解析：此处需填入形容词，修饰粮食产量。根据上文的 out of starvation(免于挨饿)，选择 D 项sufficient“充足的”。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.classB.input C.poolD.mobility解析：解析：空格所在句提到了“化肥、转基因和集中种植”等先进种植技术。符合逻辑的是这种先进的技术应会使得劳动力的投入下降，故选 B 项 input“输入”。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.advances B.strategiesC.flawsD.tricks解析：解析：根据空格前的修饰语 these same，可推断空格处指代上文的“化肥、转基因和集中种植等”这些先进种植技术。A 项 advances“新进展”能概括这些新技术。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.proportionB.cont
