1、考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 2 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars
2、 of the classical and【C1】_worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term “reading“ 【C2】_ meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become commonplace. One should be wary, however, of 【C3】_that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a(n) 【C4】_t
3、o others. Examination of factors related to the 【C5】_development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in【C6】_. The last century saw a steady gradual increase in【C7】_, and thus in the number of read
4、ers. As readers increased, the number of potential listeners 【C8】_, and thus there was some【C9】_in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a【C10】_activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices
5、, where reading aloud would 【C11】_distraction to other readers. Towards the end of the century there was still【C12】_argument over whether books should be used for information or treated【C13】_, and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way【C14】_weakening. Indeed this arg
6、ument remains with us still in education. However, 【C15】_ its advantages, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was 【C16】_ by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and periodicals for a【C17】_ readership on the other. By the end of the century students were being recommended to a
7、dopt attitudes to books and to use skills in reading them which were inappropriate, 【C18】_not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological changes in the century had greatly 【C19】_what the term “reading“【C20】_.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.contemporaryB.modernC.medievalD.w
8、estern(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.undoubtedlyB.reallyC.absolutelyD.accordingly(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.imaginingB.consumingC.resumingD.assuming(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.interruptionB.distractionC.botherD.pressure(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.historicalB.historicC.historyD.historian(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.qualityB.characterC.personalityD
9、.distinctiveness(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.literateB.illiterateC.literacyD.literature(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.recededB.declinedC.increasedD.expanded(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.limitationB.necessityC.reductionD.shrink(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.privateB.overtC.publicD.secret(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.causeB.effectC.produceD.realize(12)
10、.【C12】（分数：2.00）A.considerableB.considerateC.moderateD.immoderate(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.respectivelyB.honorablyC.respectfullyD.relatively(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.largelyB.intelligentlyC.mentallyD.physically(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.HoweverB.WhateverC.WhicheverD.Wherever(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.replacedB.takenC.foll
11、owedD.distinguished(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.specificB.specialC.specifiedD.specialized(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.andB.ifC.butD.or(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.translatedB.differedC.shiftedD.altered(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.inferredB.advisedC.inducedD.impliedWeak dollar or no, $ 46,000the price for a single year of undergrad
12、uate instruction amid the red brick of Harvard Yardis【C1】_. But nowadays cost is【C2】_barrier to entry at many of America“s best universities. Formidable financial-assistance policies have【C3】_fees or slashed them deeply for needy students. And last month Harvard announced a new plan designed to【C4】_
13、the sticker-shock for undergraduates from middle and even upper-income families too. Since then, other rich American universities have unveiled【C5】_initiatives. Yale, Harvard“s bitterest【C6】_, revealed its plans on January 14th. Students whose families make 【C7】_than $60,000 a year will pay nothing
14、at all. Families earning up to $200,000 a year will have to pay an average of 10% of their incomes. The university will【C8】_its financial-assistance budget by 43%, to over $80m. Harvard will have a similar arrangement for families making up to $180,000. That makes the price of going to Harvard or Ya
15、le【C9】_ to attending a state-run university for middle-and upper-income students. The universities will also not require any student to take out 【C10】_to pay for their【C11】_, a policy introduced by Princeton in 2001 and by the University of Pennsylvania just after Harvard“s 【C12】_. No applicant who
16、gains admission, officials say, should feel【C13】_ to go elsewhere because he or she can“t afford the fees. None of that is quite as altruistic as it sounds. Harvard and Yale are, after all, now likely to lure more students away from previously【C14】_options, particularly state-run universities, 【C15】
17、_their already impressive admissions figures and reputations. The schemes also provide a【C16】_for structuring university fees in which high prices for rich students help offset modest prices for poorer ones and families are less【C17】_on federal grants and government-backed loans. Less wealthy privat
18、e colleges whose fees are high will not be able to【C18】_Harvard or Yale easily. But America“ s state-run universities, which have traditionally kept their fees low and stable, might well try a differentiated 【C19】_scheme as they raise cash to compete academically with their private【C20】_. Indeed, th
19、e University of California system has already started to implement a sliding-fee scale.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.cheapB.reasonableC.highD.expensive(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.stillB.noC.becomingD.certain(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.eliminatedB.increasedC.doubledD.decreased(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.relieveB.suspendC.enhanc
20、eD.retrieve(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.differentB.sameC.similarD.encouraging(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.counterpartB.coordinatorC.rivalD.cooperator(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.lessB.moreC.richerD.poorer(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.enhanceB.expandC.growD.elevate(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.incomparableB.comparableC.distinguishableD.identical(10).【
21、C10】（分数：2.00）A.part-time jobB.workC.loansD.savings(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.chargeB.fareC.paymentD.tuition(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.policyB.implementationC.adjustmentD.announcement(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.pressuredB.ashamedC.insecureD.unhappy(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.cheaperB.more reasonableC.publicD.better(15).【C15】（
22、分数：2.00）A.expandingB.shrinkingC.enhancingD.diminishing(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.chanceB.modelC.dispositionD.location(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.independentB.thankfulC.detachedD.reliant(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.beatB.winC.copyD.follow(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.pricingB.valueC.scholarshipD.financial aiding(20).【C20】（分数：2.00
23、）A.rivalsB.counterpartsC.coordinatorsD.cooperators考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 2 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：Reading to oneself is a mode
24、rn activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and【C1】_worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term “reading“ 【C2】_ meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become commonplace. One should be wary, however, of 【C3】_that silent reading ca
25、me about simply because reading aloud is a(n) 【C4】_to others. Examination of factors related to the 【C5】_development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in【C6】_. The last century saw a steady grad
26、ual increase in【C7】_, and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, the number of potential listeners 【C8】_, and thus there was some【C9】_in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a【C10】_activity in such publi
27、c places as libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would 【C11】_distraction to other readers. Towards the end of the century there was still【C12】_argument over whether books should be used for information or treated【C13】_, and over whether the reading of material such as newspa
28、pers was in some way【C14】_weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. However, 【C15】_ its advantages, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was 【C16】_ by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and periodicals for a【C17】_ readership on the other. By the end
29、 of the century students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use skills in reading them which were inappropriate, 【C18】_not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological changes in the century had greatly 【C19】_what the term “reading“【C20】_.（分数：40.00）
30、(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.contemporaryB.modernC.medieval D.western解析：解析：考查上下文语义。本题要求填入一个形容词，可以利用上义词复现这一技巧。during the fifteenth century 就是所填词的下义词，即“在 15 世纪”。它既不属于 contemporary，也不属于modern world，而 western 与本文主题无关。因此只有 Cmedieval“中世纪的”符合文意，指 14 到 1 6 世纪之间，包括了 1 5 世纪，故 C 项为正确答案。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.undoubtedly B.r
31、eallyC.absolutelyD.accordingly解析：解析：考查上下文语义与副词辨析。所填副词修饰动词 meant。根据文章第一句和第二句可知，作者意在开篇明义：默读是一种现代社会行为，古代学者根本不知默读为何物。很显然，在 15 世纪时读书指的就是大声朗读，因此选 Aundoubtedly“毋庸置疑地，肯定地”，强调完全真实或是确实存在。really“确实地，真正地”，与此处语气不符；absolutely“完全地，绝对地”；accordingly“相应地”，均不符合题意。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.imaginingB.consumingC.resumingD.assu
32、ming 解析：解析：考查动名词辨析。所填词的逻辑主语是 one，指人，宾语是 that 从句，从 that 从句可推断空格处要表达“认为，想象”的意思，因此排除 consuming“消费”和 resuming“再继续，恢复”。Dassuming“想，假想”，指为论证提出有一定根据的假设，或指很少甚至无根据的心理推测。imagining 指想象或在脑海中构成清晰明确的图像，此处显然是 Dassuming 符合题意，为最佳选项。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.interruptionB.distraction C.botherD.pressure解析：解析：考查上下文语义及名词辨析。本题要
33、求填入一个名词来判断大声阅读对他人的影响。文章第二段的末尾同样谈到了大声阅读对他人的影响，且用了“distraction”一词。所以正确答案为Bdistraction“分散，干扰”，与后文呼应。interruption“打断，中止”，指的是瞬间行为使别人中断做某事，reading 显然是一段时间的行为；bother“麻烦，打扰”，往往指“麻烦他人做某事”；pressure“压力”，均不符合题意。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.historical B.historicC.historyD.historian解析：解析：考查形近词辨析。本题需填入一个形容词来表示“历史发展”，四个选项都是同
34、根词，都与历史有关。historical“历史上的，历史记载的”；historic“(历史上)著名的，重要的”；history“历史，历史学”：historian“历史学家”。文章中主要表示客观的历史的发展，因此选Ahistorical。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.qualityB.character C.personalityD.distinctiveness解析：解析：考查名词辨析。所填词表达“阅读任务本身在_方面的改变”，是对阅读这一任务的修饰或指代，因此排除 quality“(人的)品德，品性；(事物的)品质，质量”，它不能用来修饰默读的品质，同时排除 personality
35、“(人的)个性，人格，人物”，它用来指代人而不能指代物；而distinctiveness“(品质性格或外表)与众不同”，强调与其他事物的差别，本题并不是强调默读与别的事物的差别。因此，只有 Bcharacter“(事物的)特性，特质，(人或物的)特点，特征”符合题意，用来指默读的特性。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.literateB.illiterateC.literacy D.literature解析：解析：考查形近词辨析。四个选项都是同根词，literate 是形容词，表示“能读会写的，识字的”，如果表达的是会读写的人越来越多，则应用 increase in the literat
36、e，the 后面接形容词表示某类人。illiterate“文盲”或“不识字的，没受教育的”，与文中意思相反；literacy 是名词，指的是“有读写能力，有文化”，该句要表达的意思是提高文化素质，因此是 increase in literacy；故答案为Cliteracy。literature“文学，作品”，不符合题意。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.recededB.declined C.increasedD.expanded解析：解析：考查上下文语义及动词辨析。此空前一分句讲读者数目增加了，那么相应地，听别人读书的人应该是减少了。与 increased 形成反义复现的只有 Bdecl
37、ined“下降”。而且从后文 As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common也可得到证实。receded“后退，倒退”，不能用来修饰the number；increased“增长”，expanded“膨胀，扩张”，均与文意相反。因此答案为Bdeclined。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.limitationB.necessityC.reduction D.shrink解析：解析：考查上下文语义及名词辨析。空格所在分句与上一分句之间的关系是因果关系。正是因为读书人的数目增多，潜在听者的数目下降，所以大声朗读的必要性也就减弱
38、。由此得出正确答案为Creduction“减少，减弱”。limitation“限制”；necessity“必要性，需要”；shrink“缩水，萎缩”，均不符合题意。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.private B.overtC.publicD.secret解析：解析：考查上下文语义。空格处所在句意为：随着读书作为一种为听众服务而存在的活动愈来愈不常见，它逐渐变成一种大众场所普遍的_活动。Aprivate“私人的”符合句意，为正确答案。overt“公开的”；public“大众的，公开的”，与文义相反；secret“秘密的”，与空格后的 public 相矛盾，均不符合题意。(11).【
39、C11】（分数：2.00）A.cause B.effectC.produceD.realize解析：解析：考查动词辨析。四个选项均有“产生，引起，导致”之意，但其用法并不相同。选项Acause 表示事件起因和结果之间的关系；effect 指通过克服困难或采取有计划的行为而取得成果；produce 着重表示见到的或实际的后果；realize 表示希望计划、理想会成为现实。本文中表示一种因果关系，所以只有 Acause 符合题意。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.considerable B.considerateC.moderateD.immoderate解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。该句
40、意思为：到世纪末仍然存在着_争论。considerable“相当多的，相当可观的”；considerate“考虑周到的”；moderate“中等的，适度的，适中的”；immoderate“不适中的，不合适的”。由 still 这个词可知此处为肯定的含义，故选 Aconsiderable。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.respectivelyB.honorablyC.respectfully D.relatively解析：解析：考查上下文语义与副词辨析。所填副词修饰动词 treat，因为 treated 的宾语为 books 一种，所以首先排除 respectively“分别地，各自
41、地”；同时排除 relatively“相应地”，因为没有说明被对待的程度；honorably“值得尊敬地，体面地”，应该是尊敬地对待，而不能是值得尊敬地对待。因此答案为 Crespectfully“尊敬地，谦恭地”。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.largelyB.intelligentlyC.mentally D.physically解析：解析：考查上下文语义与副词辨析。该句句意：人们讨论阅读诸如报纸这样的材料是否在某种程度上是一的削弱。空格处需填一个副词修饰 weaken“削弱，使变弱”。largely“主要地，大量地，在很大程度上地”；intelligently“聪明地”；me
42、ntally“精神上地，智力上地”；physically“体力上地”。根据上下文的意思，阅读是一种智力上的行为，因此只有 Cmentally 符合题意。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.HoweverB.Whatever C.WhicheverD.Wherever解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。主句讲的是那种共同分享文化知识的习俗已经成为过去，分句中提到了大声阅读的优点 its advantages，由此可以判断主句和分句间的关系是让步关系，用 BWhatever“无论什么，不管什么”连接，后面省略了主语和谓语“it had”。However“然而，可是”，表示转折关系；Whichever“
43、任何一个”；Wherever“无论哪里”，表示的是地点，均不符合题意。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.replaced B.takenC.followedD.distinguished解析：解析：考查上下文语义。上句说到传统的文化已经消失，这句谈到现在的媒体方式。根据语境可知，此处是指前者是被后者所取代的，因此选 Areplaced“取代，代替”。take“拿，取”；follow“追随，跟随”：distinguish“区别”，均不符合题意。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.specificB.specialC.specifiedD.specialized 解析：解析：考查形近
44、词辨析。specific“明确的，确切的”；special“特别的，特殊的，专门的”；specified“明确规定的”；specialized“专门的，专业的”。readership 是一个抽象的概念，指“读者的身份”。选项中可修饰这个词的只有 specialized，意为“专业化的”，因此选 Dspecialized。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.andB.if C.butD.or解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。空格所在处实际上是一个省略了主谓语的插入成分，即 if(it is)not impossible，指的是“如果 students were being recommended这
45、件事可能的话”。故选 Bif。其他三项均不符合题意。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.translatedB.differedC.shiftedD.altered 解析：解析：考查动词辨析。本句句义为：在这个世纪，社会、文化和科技领域的改变大大地_“阅读”这个词的_。Daltered“改变，更改”符合文意，为最佳选项。translated“翻译”；differed“不一致，不同”，为不及物动词；shifted“改变(位置或方向)”，均不符合题意。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.inferredB.advisedC.inducedD.implied 解析：解析：考查动词用法。根
46、据语境可知，空格处所表达的意思应为“阅读”这个词意味着什么。因此Dimplied“暗示，意味”符合题意，为最佳选项。advise“建议，劝告”；induce“劝诱，促使”；infer“推断”，均不符合题意。Weak dollar or no, $ 46,000the price for a single year of undergraduate instruction amid the red brick of Harvard Yardis【C1】_. But nowadays cost is【C2】_barrier to entry at many of America“s best un
47、iversities. Formidable financial-assistance policies have【C3】_fees or slashed them deeply for needy students. And last month Harvard announced a new plan designed to【C4】_the sticker-shock for undergraduates from middle and even upper-income families too. Since then, other rich American universities
48、have unveiled【C5】_initiatives. Yale, Harvard“s bitterest【C6】_, revealed its plans on January 14th. Students whose families make 【C7】_than $60,000 a year will pay nothing at all. Families earning up to $200,000 a year will have to pay an average of 10% of their incomes. The university will【C8】_its financial
