1、考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 1 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_In the late 1960“s, many people in North America turned their attention to envir
2、onmental problems, and new steel-and-glass skyscrapers were widely criticized. Ecologists pointing【C1】_that a cluster of tall buildings in a city often overburdens public transportation and parking lot【C2】_. Skyscrapers are also enormous【C3】_, and wasters, of electric power. In one recent year, the
3、addition 【C4】_17 million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City raised the【C5】_daily demand for electricity by 120,000 kilowattsenough to【C6】_the entire city of Albany for a day. Glass-wailed skyscraper can be especially【C7】_. The heat loss (or gain) through a wall of half-inch plat
4、e glass is more than ten times【C8】_through a typical masonry wall filled with insulation board. To lessen the strain【C9】_heating and air-conditioning equipment, 【C10】_of skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed panels of glass, and reflective glasses【C11】_with silver or gold mirror films that red
5、uce【C12】_as well as heat gain. However, 【C13】_skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and【C14】_neighboring buildings. Skyscrapers put severe pressure on a city“s sanitation【C15】_, too. If fully occupied, the two World Trade Center towers in New York City would alone generate 2.25 mi
6、llion gallons of raw sewage each yearas【C16】_as a city the size of Stamford, Connecticut, which has a【C17】_of more than 109,000. Skyscrapers also【C18】_with television reception, block bird flyways, and obstruct air traffic. Still, people【C19】_to build skyscrapers for all the reasons that they have a
7、lways built thempersonal ambition and the【C20】_of owners to have the largest possible amount of rentable space.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.atB.toC.outD.towards(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.powerB.capacitiesC.potentialsD.capabilities(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.saversB.consumersC.losersD.spenders(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.ofB.i
8、nC.toD.at(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.pointB.topC.summitD.peak(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.distributeB.giveC.supplyD.donate(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.thriftyB.economicC.prosperousD.wasteful(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.thatB.thoseC.whichD.when(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.toB.betweenC.onD.both(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.foundersB.consumersC.buildersD.supp
9、liers(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.coatedB.filledC.powderedD.stained(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.brightnessB.lightC.glareD.gaze(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.glass-walledB.plastic-walledC.concrete-walledD.mirror-walled(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.affectB.assistC.protectD.benefit(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.decorationsB.utensilsC.facilitiesD.
10、appliances(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.moreB.muchC.fewD.little(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.populationB.peopleC.mankindD.race(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.interveneB.interfereC.interruptD.obstacle(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.stopB.pauseC.continueD.terminate(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.wishB.desireC.secretD.promiseDo people get happier or mo
11、re foul-tempered as they age? Stereotypes of irritable neighbors【C1】_,scientists have been trying to answer this question for decades, and the results have been【C2】_. Now a study of several thousand Americans born between 1885 and 1980 reveals that well-being【C3】_ increases with age but overall happ
12、iness【C4】_when a person was born. 【C5】_studies that have【C6】_older adults with the middle-aged and young have sometimes found that older adults are not as happy. But these studies could not【C7】_whether their【C8】_was because of their age or be cause of their【C9】_life experience. The new study, publis
13、hed online January 24 in Psychological Science, 【C10】_ out the answer by examining 30 years of data on thousands of Americans, including【C11】_measures of mood and well-being, reports of job and relationship success, and objective measures of health. The researchers found, after controlling for varia
14、bles【C12】_health, wealth, gender, ethnicity and education, that well-being increases over everyone“ s lifetime.【C13】_people who have lived through extreme hardship, such as the Great Depression,【C14】_much less happy than those who have had more【C15】_lives. This finding helps to【C16】_why past studies
15、 have found conflicting resultsexperience【C17】_, and tough times can【C18】_an entire generation“s happiness for the rest of their lives. The【C19】_news is,【C20】_we“ve lived through, we can all look forward to feeling more content as we age.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.asideB.besidesC.alikeD.likely(2).
16、【C2】（分数：2.00）A.worryingB.revealingC.appealingD.conflicting(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.neverthelessB.henceC.indeedD.accordingly(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.resides withB.rests withC.depends onD.reckons on(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.PrecedingB.LaterC.FollowingD.Previous(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.relatedB.comparedC.matchedD.associated(7)
17、.【C7】（分数：2.00）A.detectB.discoverC.deriveD.discern(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.unwillingnessB.insecurityC.discontentD.incompetence(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.abundantB.commonC.differentD.limited(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.teasedB.ruledC.leftD.marked(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.psychologicalB.biologicalC.medicalD.physical(12).【C12】（分数
18、：2.00）A.along withB.such asC.apart fromD.instead of(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.ButB.ThusC.EvenD.Then(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.start onB.start overC.start offD.start up(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.strenuousB.comfortableC.unstableD.meaningful(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.exhibitB.explainC.estimateD.establish(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.e
19、mergesB.recursC.expandsD.matters(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.influenceB.boostC.delayD.enrich(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.surprisingB.badC.latestD.good(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.thoughB.no matter whatC.whileD.no matter how考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 1 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of English
20、Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：In the late 1960“s, many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems, and new steel-and-glass skyscrapers were widely criticized. Ecologists pointing【
21、C1】_that a cluster of tall buildings in a city often overburdens public transportation and parking lot【C2】_. Skyscrapers are also enormous【C3】_, and wasters, of electric power. In one recent year, the addition 【C4】_17 million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City raised the【C5】_dai
22、ly demand for electricity by 120,000 kilowattsenough to【C6】_the entire city of Albany for a day. Glass-wailed skyscraper can be especially【C7】_. The heat loss (or gain) through a wall of half-inch plate glass is more than ten times【C8】_through a typical masonry wall filled with insulation board. To
23、lessen the strain【C9】_heating and air-conditioning equipment, 【C10】_of skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed panels of glass, and reflective glasses【C11】_with silver or gold mirror films that reduce【C12】_as well as heat gain. However, 【C13】_skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding
24、air and【C14】_neighboring buildings. Skyscrapers put severe pressure on a city“s sanitation【C15】_, too. If fully occupied, the two World Trade Center towers in New York City would alone generate 2.25 million gallons of raw sewage each yearas【C16】_as a city the size of Stamford, Connecticut, which has
25、 a【C17】_of more than 109,000. Skyscrapers also【C18】_with television reception, block bird flyways, and obstruct air traffic. Still, people【C19】_to build skyscrapers for all the reasons that they have always built thempersonal ambition and the【C20】_of owners to have the largest possible amount of ren
26、table space.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.atB.toC.out D.towards解析：解析：考查动词短语辨析。point attowards sbsth“指向，瞄准”；point to“指明(方向，位置)，显示”；point sthout“指出”。根据语境可知，空格处所在句意应为：生态学家指出，城市中的一丛丛高层建筑经常使公共交通和停车场不堪重负。故答案为 Cout。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.powerB.capacities C.potentialsD.capabilities解析：解析：考查名词辨析。四个选项都表示“能力”。power
27、“体能，权利，尤指控制他人的能力或权力”；capacity“(无生命事物的)承受、装载能力；(人的)潜在学习和理解力”；potential“潜能，潜力”；capability“能力，才能”。根据语境可知，Bcapacities 符合文意，代入句中表示：停车场的容纳能力。故正确答案为 B。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.saversB.consumers C.losersD.spenders解析：解析：考查名词辨析。空格处所在句意为：摩天大厦也是巨大的电力_和浪费者。Bconsumers“消费者，耗费者”，符合句意，为正确答案。saver“节省的人，节俭的工具，救助者”；loser“失败者
28、，遗失者”; spender“花钱者”，均不符合题意。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.of B.inC.toD.at解析：解析：考查惯用搭配。空格处所在句意为：在近一年中，纽约市_的 1 700 万平方英尺高层办公空间使每天对电的高峰需求量增长了 12 万千瓦。addition“增加物”，与 of 连接，表示“的增加”，符合语境，故正确答案为 A0f。其他选项均不符合题意。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.pointB.topC.summitD.peak 解析：解析：考查惯用搭配。四个选项都表示“点，顶点”。point“点，阶段，关键时刻”；top“顶端，地位最高的”；summit“
29、顶点，最高层会议”；peak“(升降不定的)数字记录最高点”。根据语境可知，文中强调用电量的最高点，故答案为 Dpeak。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.distributeB.giveC.supply D.donate解析：解析：考查动词辨析。distribute“分配，散发”；give“给予”；supply“供应”；donate“捐赠”。根据语境可知，Csupply 符合此处句意，代入句中，表示：足以供应整个 Albany 市一天的需求。故正确答案为 C。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.thriftyB.economicC.prosperousD.wasteful 解析：解析：
30、考查形容词辨析。空格处所在句意为：玻璃外墙的摩天大楼尤其_。前句提到摩天大楼用电量大得惊人，故只有 Dwasteful“浪费的”符合句意。thrifty“节俭的”；economic“经济的，节省的”；prosperous“繁荣的”，均不符合题意。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.that B.thoseC.whichD.when解析：解析：考查结构搭配。that 作为代词，指代前面的“the heat loss”，故答案选 A。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.toB.betweenC.on D.both解析：解析：考查惯用搭配。根据上文可知，因为玻璃墙体的摩天大厦散热很快，而且不易供
31、热，所以需减轻对供热和空调设备的压力。lessen the strain on 意为“减轻对的压力”，故答案为 Con。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.foundersB.consumersC.builders D.suppliers解析：解析：考查名词辨析。founder“创始人”；consumer“消费者”；builder“建筑者”；supplier“供应商”。根据语境可知，此处指的应是摩天大楼的建筑者，故答案为 Cbuilders。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.coated B.filledC.powderedD.stained解析：解析：考查短语辨析。be coa
32、ted with“被覆盖一层”；be filled with“充满”；be powdered with“覆盖着(粉末状的东西)”；be stained with“沾着(不易去除的污迹)”。由于后接“films(胶片，薄膜)”，所以答案应为 Acoated。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.brightnessB.lightC.glare D.gaze解析：解析：考查名词辨析。brightness“光明，光亮”；light“灯光，光亮”；glare“刺眼、耀眼的光”；gaze“注视，凝视”。heat gain 意为“增热，热增量”，根据语境可知，Cglare 最符合题意。(13).【C1
33、3】（分数：2.00）A.glass-walledB.plastic-walledC.concrete-walledD.mirror-walled 解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。空格处所在句意为：镜体墙面的摩天大楼使周围空气的温度升高，从而影响周边建筑物。mirrorwalled 是上句中“reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror films”的重复。其他三项均不符合题意。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.affect B.assistC.protectD.benefit解析：解析：考查动词辨析。空格处所在句中的“Howev
34、er”已经引出弊端使周围温度升高，句中连词“and”表示前后的并列关系，所以只有 Aaffect“影响”符合语境。assist“帮助”；protect“保护”；benefit“有利于”，均不符合语境。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.decorationsB.utensilsC.facilities D.appliances解析：解析：考查名词辨析。空格处所在句意为：摩天大楼也给城市的卫生_带来了巨大的压力。Cfacilities“设备，设施”，符合句意，为正确答案。decorations“装饰品”；utensils“特殊用途的设备(尤指炊具)”；appliances“(较小的)器具”
35、，均不符合题意。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.moreB.much C.fewD.little解析：解析：考查词义搭配。根据上文得知，“asas”表示数量大，故选 Bmuch。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.population B.peopleC.mankindD.race解析：解析：考查名词辨析。population“人口”；people“人，人民，民族”；mankind“人类”；race“种族”。文中明显指“人口”，故选 Apopulation。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.interveneB.interfere C.interruptD.obstac
36、le解析：解析：考查动词辨析。空格处所在句意为：摩天大楼还_电视信号的接收，阻碍鸟儿飞行和航空运输。表示对信号的干扰常用 interfere。故答案为 Binterfere。intervene“干涉，介入”；interrupt sb“打断某人”；obstacle(to)“妨碍”，均不符合题意。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.stopB.pauseC.continue D.terminate解析：解析：考查动词辨析。空格处所在句意为：人们仍_建筑摩天大楼，有种种原因支持他们一直这样做个人的野心以及。根据语境可知，空格处表示的应该是“继续”，故 Ccontinue 为正确答案。stop“
37、停止”；pause“停顿”；terminate“终止”，均不符合题意。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.wishB.desire C.secretD.promise解析：解析：考查词义搭配。空格处所在句意为：人们仍继续建筑摩天大楼，有种种原因支持他们一直这样做个人的野心以及楼主们最大限度地拥有可租让空间的_。在此处，desire 与 personal ambition 搭配最贴切，表示“迫切的期望”。故答案为 Bdesire。Do people get happier or more foul-tempered as they age? Stereotypes of irritable
38、 neighbors【C1】_,scientists have been trying to answer this question for decades, and the results have been【C2】_. Now a study of several thousand Americans born between 1885 and 1980 reveals that well-being【C3】_ increases with age but overall happiness【C4】_when a person was born. 【C5】_studies that ha
39、ve【C6】_older adults with the middle-aged and young have sometimes found that older adults are not as happy. But these studies could not【C7】_whether their【C8】_was because of their age or be cause of their【C9】_life experience. The new study, published online January 24 in Psychological Science, 【C10】_
40、 out the answer by examining 30 years of data on thousands of Americans, including【C11】_measures of mood and well-being, reports of job and relationship success, and objective measures of health. The researchers found, after controlling for variables【C12】_health, wealth, gender, ethnicity and educat
41、ion, that well-being increases over everyone“ s lifetime.【C13】_people who have lived through extreme hardship, such as the Great Depression,【C14】_much less happy than those who have had more【C15】_lives. This finding helps to【C16】_why past studies have found conflicting resultsexperience【C17】_, and t
42、ough times can【C18】_an entire generation“s happiness for the rest of their lives. The【C19】_news is,【C20】_we“ve lived through, we can all look forward to feeling more content as we age.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.aside B.besidesC.alikeD.likely解析：解析：文章第一句提出“当人们变老时是变得更快乐还是更为性情古怪”这一问题。空格所在句子的大意为：典型的脾气暴
43、躁的邻居们，科学家们数十年来一直在试图回答这个问题。Aaside“撇开不谈”作后置定语，译为“不谈那些典型的脾气暴躁的邻居们”，即不将这些极端个例计入在内，表明了研究的严谨性，符合文意。besides 以及 likely 均不能作后置定语修饰名词。alike 可作表语和后置定语，用于强调刚提及的两者的类似性，而文中并未提及“脾气暴躁的邻居们”和他人的比较。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.worryingB.revealingC.appealingD.conflicting 解析：解析：本句指出，之前科学家们为解决该问题做出很多的努力，结论一直_，下句紧接着引出目前一项研究揭示了这一问题的
44、结论；而文章第二段也指出之前研究有时发现老年人不及中年人和年轻人幸福，但有时发现老年人感觉更幸福；这都说明之前的研究并没有得出一致的结论，而直到现在才有新研究给出确切结论。因此，Dconflicting“冲突的，相矛盾的，不一致的”为正确选项。另外，文章最后一段中出现“conflicting results”，通读文章后也可选出正确答案。worrying“令人担心的，焦虑的”，revealing“有启发作用的”，appealing“吸引人的”，均与题意不符。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.neverthelessB.henceC.indeed D.accordingly解析：解析：上文指
45、出之前的研究没有得出一致的结论；本句中的新研究则明确给出结论：幸福感随着年龄的增长而增强，indeed 在此表达了对这一结论的肯定与强调，符合逻辑；同时 indeed 也与后面的 but呼应，将结论又推进一步：但是整体的幸福感却还受(除年龄外)其他因素影响。Cindeed 同时照应了句间和句内的逻辑，为正确答案。nevertheless“然而”，hence“所以”，accordingly“因此，相应地”均不符合逻辑。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.resides withB.rests withC.depends on D.reckons on解析：解析：本句指出：研究表明幸福感的确随着
46、年龄的增长而增强，但总体幸福感_一个人的出生时间。Cdepends on 可用来表明原因，即“某事受影响或取决于”，代入文中，说明影响总体幸福感的另一个原因是人的出生时间，符合文意。resides with 强调“权力、权利等属于某人、某机构”，不符合文意；rests with 指“由(某人)负责”，只接 sb；reckons on(doing)sth强调对某事会发生的一种希望，不符合题意。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.PrecedingB.LaterC.FollowingD.Previous 解析：解析：空格处形容词修饰 studies，本句指出“研究发现老年人不如后两者那样开心”。
47、下句紧接着说明“但这些研究无法”，第三句指出“新研究通过审查大量数据”。由此推知本句及下句提到的研究与“新研究”相对，即为“之前的”研究，排除 B、C 两项。而 A、D 两项均有“在前的”之意，但preceding 强调“紧接在前”，previous 除了有与 preceding 相近的用法外，还可以泛指“发生在前的”，符合原文语境。因此 DPrevious 为正确答案。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.relatedB.compared C.matchedD.associated解析：解析：本句指出：之前有研究将老年人与中年人和年轻人进行了_，发现老年人不如后两者那样幸福。所以空格处填入的动词应与 with 搭配，表达对比。只有 compare with 指对事物之间的相同和相异之处进行比较，代入文中指对老年人与中年人、年轻人的幸福感的比较，故 Bcompared 为正确选项。relate with 意为“同联系起来”，match with 指“找到或使能相匹配，相适应，使与竞争或较量”，associate with 意为“联想，联系”，均与题意不
