1、考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 14 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Global warming is already cutting substantially into potential crop yields in s
2、ome countriesto such an extent that it may be a factor in the food price【C1】_that have caused worldwide stress in recent years, researchers suggest in a new study. Wheat yields in recent years were down by more than 10 percent in Russia and by a few percentage points【C2】_in India, France and China c
3、ompared with【C3】_they probably would have been without rising【C4】_, according to the study. Corn yields were【C5】_a few percentage points in China, Brazil and France from what would have been【C6】_said the researchers, whose findings were published in Friday“s【C7】_of the journal Science. Some countrie
4、s saw small gains from the temperature increases, however. And in all countries, the【C8】_carbon dioxide that humans are【C9】_into the air acted as a【C10】_that encouraged plant growth, 【C11】_some of the losses from rising temperatures caused by that same greenhouse gas. 【C12】_, the study“s authors fou
5、nd that when the gains in some countries were weighed 【C13】_the losses in other countries, the overall global【C14】_of climate change has been small so far losses of a few percentage points for wheat and corn from what they would have been【C15】_climate change. The general impact on production of rice
6、 and soybeans was 【C16】_, with gains in some regions entirely counterbalancing losses in others. 【C17】_the authors of the study pointed out that temperature increases were expected to 【C18】_in coming decades, making it likely that the challenges【C19】_food production will grow in a era when demand is
7、 expected to【C20】_sharply.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.decreasesB.reductionsC.increasesD.additions(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.eachB.alsoC.tooD.either(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.pricesB.tideC.gainsD.temperatures(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.offB.belowC.upD.above(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.assumedB
8、.thoughtC.guessedD.expected(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.volumeB.publicationC.issueD.column(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.extraB.overtC.extraordinaryD.exceeding(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.breathingB.deliveringC.sendingD.pumping(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.pesticideB.fertilizerC.chemicalD.medicine(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.adding toB.resulting i
9、nC.offsettingD.impacting(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.ConsequentlyB.InterestinglyC.SurprisinglyD.Unexpectedly(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.onB.againstC.downD.in with(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.effectB.phenomenonC.crisisD.problem(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.consideringB.withC.concerningD.without(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.arguableB.noticea
10、ble G. negligibleC.significant(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.SoB.HenceC.ButD.And(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.ceaseB.aggravateC.stopD.accelerate(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.toB.ofC.fromD.for(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.raiseB.declineC.dropD.riseTV is so often a parent“s good friend, keeping kids happily occupied so the grownups can c
11、ook dinner, answer the phone, or take a shower. But【C1】_that electronic babysitter is not an educational【C2】_According to a recent research, babies who watch TV are more likely to have【C3】_cognitive development and language at 14 months, 【C4】_if they“re watching programs【C5】_for adults and older chi
12、ldren. It“s surprising that TV-watching made a【C6】_at such a tender age. This new study【C7】_259 lower-income families in New York, most of whom spoke Spanish as their【C8】_language at home. Other studies examining higher-income families have come to the【C9】_conclusion: TV watching not only isn“t educ
13、ational, but it seems to 【C10】_babies“ development. Babies who watched 60 minutes of TV daily had developmental【C11】_one-third lower at 14 months than babies who weren“t watching that much TV. The【C12】_may be due to the fact that when kids and parents are watching TV, they“re【C13】_talking, playing,
14、and interactions that are【C14】_to learning and development. But what about “【C15】_“ TV, like Sesame Street? The researchers didn“t find any pluses or minuses when【C16】_to non-educational programs designed for small children, like Sponge-Bob SquarePants. 【C17】_research by some of the same scientists
15、has found that parents whose children watch non-educational TV programs like SpongeBob SquarePants spend 【C18】_time reading to their children or teaching them. The latest study of educational TV programs like Sesame Street adds more【C19】_to a recommendation from the American Academy of Pediatrics th
16、at babies under age【C20】_watch no TV at all.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.hopefullyB.unfortunatelyC.interestinglyD.unluckily(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.helpB.supportC.aidD.assistance(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.postponedB.increasedC.acceleratedD.delayed(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.evenB.onlyC.especiallyD.specially(5).【C5】（分数：2.0
17、0）A.intendedB.designingC.aimingD.used(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.changeB.mistakeC.differenceD.mark(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.watchedB.followedC.inspectedD.traced(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.basicB.secondaryC.formalD.primary(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.similarB.sameC.newD.different(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.stuntB.influenceC.stopD.destruct(11
18、).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.marksB.scoresC.pointsD.goals(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.distanceB.lengthC.deficiencyD.discrepancy(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.figuring outB.working outC.missing outD.missing out on(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.unnecessaryB.essentialC.relevantD.related(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.simpleB.importantC.funnyD.good(16)
19、.【C16】（分数：2.00）A.referredB.referringC.comparedD.comparing(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.FurtherB.LaterC.RecentD.Earlier(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.moreB.lessC.fewD.some(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.fuelB.oilC.coalD.wood(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.canB.shouldC.willD.must考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 14 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数
20、：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：Global warming is already cutting substantially into potential crop yields in some countriesto such an extent that it may be a factor in the
21、 food price【C1】_that have caused worldwide stress in recent years, researchers suggest in a new study. Wheat yields in recent years were down by more than 10 percent in Russia and by a few percentage points【C2】_in India, France and China compared with【C3】_they probably would have been without rising
22、【C4】_, according to the study. Corn yields were【C5】_a few percentage points in China, Brazil and France from what would have been【C6】_said the researchers, whose findings were published in Friday“s【C7】_of the journal Science. Some countries saw small gains from the temperature increases, however. An
23、d in all countries, the【C8】_carbon dioxide that humans are【C9】_into the air acted as a【C10】_that encouraged plant growth, 【C11】_some of the losses from rising temperatures caused by that same greenhouse gas. 【C12】_, the study“s authors found that when the gains in some countries were weighed 【C13】_t
24、he losses in other countries, the overall global【C14】_of climate change has been small so far losses of a few percentage points for wheat and corn from what they would have been【C15】_climate change. The general impact on production of rice and soybeans was 【C16】_, with gains in some regions entirely
25、 counterbalancing losses in others. 【C17】_the authors of the study pointed out that temperature increases were expected to 【C18】_in coming decades, making it likely that the challenges【C19】_food production will grow in a era when demand is expected to【C20】_sharply.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.decrea
26、sesB.reductionsC.increases D.additions解析：解析：第 l 段提到，全球变暖导致粮食产量大大低于预期，进而引起粮食价格的变化，导致近年来全球性的压力。根据常理，可知粮食价格出现了上扬。故选 C 项 increases“增加”。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.each B.alsoC.tooD.either解析：解析：第 2 段提到，俄罗斯的小麦产量比预期下降了十多个百分点，而在印度、法国和中国等国，小麦的产量均比预期降低了几个百分点(但未达到十个百分点)，由于这几个国家降低的幅度各不相同，所以选择 A 项 each“每一个地；各个地”。(3).【C3】
27、（分数：2.00）A.thatB.whichC.what D.how解析：解析：此处意为，印度、法国和中国的小麦产量跟没有受到温度升高影响时的产量相比，各下降了几个百分点。所以此处应该填一个宾语从旬的引导词，由于引导词在从句中充当表语，故选 C 项 what。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.pricesB.tideC.gainsD.temperatures 解析：解析：第 1 段第 1 句提到，全球变暖导致某些国家的粮食产量大大低于预期，可见印度、法国和中国的小麦减产是因为受到了升温影响，所以升高的是 D 项 temperatures“温度”。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.off
28、 B.belowC.upD.above解析：解析：第 1 段开宗明义，全球变暖导致粮食减产。第 2 段第 1 句跟第 3 段第 1 句类似，均举例说明某些国家粮食减产。所以此处要选一个说明减产的词，所以选 A 项 off，作副词时可表示“变少，变小”。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.assumedB.thoughtC.guessedD.expected 解析：解析：根据第 l 段第 1 句的提示，粮食产量低于预期，而第 3 段第 1 句是其中一个例证，所以此处要填一个过去分词，表示预期产量，故选 D 项 expected“预料，预计。期待”。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.volu
29、meB.publicationC.issue D.column解析：解析：他们的调查结果会刊登在周五那一期的科学杂志上，需要在空白处填一个名词，表示刊物的某一期，所以选 C 项 issue“期”。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.extra B.overtC.extraordinaryD.exceeding解析：解析：此处需要选一个形容词，描述人类排放二氧化碳的量，根据这段话结尾处的 greenhouse gas“温室气体”，可知要填一个能够表示过量排放的词，所以选择 A 项 extra“超额的，过量的”。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.breathingB.deliveringC.
30、sendingD.pumping 解析：解析：此处要选择动词，描述人类向大气中排放二氧化碳的方式，所以选择 D 项 pumping“注入”。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.pesticideB.fertilizer C.chemicalD.medicine解析：解析：根据空格后的提示，这种东西会促进植物生长，可见是一种肥料。故选 B 项fertilizer“肥料”。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.adding toB.resulting inC.offsetting D.impacting解析：解析：这句话提到，二氧化碳导致升温的同时，作为肥料促进植物生长，而升温又导致粮食
31、减产。这显然存在一种互相抵消的关系。所以选 C 项 offsetting“抵消”。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.Consequently B.InterestinglyC.SurprisinglyD.Unexpectedly解析：解析：根据前文，一方面二氧化碳引起的升温造成农作物产量减少，另一方面二氧化碳又作为肥料促进了植物生长。所以此处应该是引出一个结论。故选 A 项 Consequently“因此，所以”。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.onB.against C.downD.in with解析：解析：此处该研究的作者把一些国家的收成与另一些国家的损失进行对比，需要为
32、 weigh“权衡”选一个介词，故选择 B 项 against，因为 weigh sthagainst sth.指“权衡和比较两种事物”。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.effect B.phenomenonC.crisisD.problem解析：解析：如果把一些国家的收获与另一些国家的损失进行对比，就可以知道迄今为止，气候变化的全球性影响总体上较小。所以选 A 项 effect“影响”。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.consideringB.withC.concerningD.without 解析：解析：这句话的结构和含义与第 2 段第 1 句类似，均讨论粮食的收成比未
33、受气候变化影响时的预期收成少了几个百分点。所以选 D 项 without“没有”。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.arguableB.noticeable G. negligibleC.significant 解析：解析：根据空格后的提示，可知一些地区稻米和大豆的收成和其他地区的损失相互抵消。因此这种影响是很小的，故选 C 项 negligible“不重要的；很小的；不值得考虑的”。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.SoB.HenceC.But D.And解析：解析：根据这句话后半部分的提示，粮食生产可能会受到越来越大的挑战，与前文得出的影响不大的结论相反。故选 C 项 Bu
34、t“但是”。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.ceaseB.aggravateC.stopD.accelerate 解析：解析：根据本句后半部分的提示，粮食生产可能会受到越来越大的挑战，因此未来几十年的气温升高应该会加速。故选 D 项 accelerate“加速”。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.to B.ofC.fromD.for解析：解析：此处需要在 challenges“挑战”后面填一个介词，说明未来几十年粮食生产受到的挑战会加大，因此选 A 项，challenge to 意为“对某人或某事的挑战”。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.raiseB.decline
35、C.dropD.rise 解析：解析：根据上下文和常理可知，未来几十年人类对粮食的需求会大幅度增加。所以选 D 项rise“提高，升高”。TV is so often a parent“s good friend, keeping kids happily occupied so the grownups can cook dinner, answer the phone, or take a shower. But【C1】_that electronic babysitter is not an educational【C2】_According to a recent research,
36、babies who watch TV are more likely to have【C3】_cognitive development and language at 14 months, 【C4】_if they“re watching programs【C5】_for adults and older children. It“s surprising that TV-watching made a【C6】_at such a tender age. This new study【C7】_259 lower-income families in New York, most of wh
37、om spoke Spanish as their【C8】_language at home. Other studies examining higher-income families have come to the【C9】_conclusion: TV watching not only isn“t educational, but it seems to 【C10】_babies“ development. Babies who watched 60 minutes of TV daily had developmental【C11】_one-third lower at 14 mo
38、nths than babies who weren“t watching that much TV. The【C12】_may be due to the fact that when kids and parents are watching TV, they“re【C13】_talking, playing, and interactions that are【C14】_to learning and development. But what about “【C15】_“ TV, like Sesame Street? The researchers didn“t find any p
39、luses or minuses when【C16】_to non-educational programs designed for small children, like Sponge-Bob SquarePants. 【C17】_research by some of the same scientists has found that parents whose children watch non-educational TV programs like SpongeBob SquarePants spend 【C18】_time reading to their children
40、 or teaching them. The latest study of educational TV programs like Sesame Street adds more【C19】_to a recommendation from the American Academy of Pediatrics that babies under age【C20】_watch no TV at all.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.hopefullyB.unfortunately C.interestinglyD.unluckily解析：解析：文章首句提到电视对于父
41、母的好处，由 But 可知本句将提到的是一个令人失望的事实，此处需要填表示接下来提到的是一件令人不愉快或失望的事的副词。所以选 B 项 unfortunately“遗憾的是”。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.helpB.supportC.aid D.assistance解析：解析：该句意为，电视并非一种教育的辅助工具。所以选 C 项 aid“有助之物”，可以指辅助设备，如 a hearing aid“助听器”。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.postponedB.increasedC.acceleratedD.delayed 解析：解析：第 3 段首句提到，每天看 60 分钟电视的
42、婴儿，他们在 14 个月大的时候，其发育比不看那么多电视的婴儿要低三分之一。答案选 D 项 delayed“延迟”。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.evenB.onlyC.especially D.specially解析：解析：前面提到，看电视的婴儿比较容易在 14 个月大时出现认知发展和语言方面的发育迟缓。这里提到，如果他们观看那些面向成年人和大龄儿童的节目的话，可知后面这句话是对前文的进一步补充说明。所以选 C 项 especially“特别是，尤其是”。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.intended B.designingC.aimingD.used解析：解析：此处表示他们
43、观看一些面向成年人和大龄儿童的电视节目，空格处应填 A 项 intended，表示“为特殊目的或特定用途而设定的”。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.changeB.mistakeC.difference D.mark解析：解析：前一句讲看电视会阻碍小孩子的发育，这是一种“影响”，因此此处应该选择 C 项difference“不同”。make a difference to 表示“对某人/某事有影响”。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.watchedB.followed C.inspectedD.traced解析：解析：根据下一句的谓语 examine“仔细观察”，可以知道此处要填一个
44、动词，表示类似意思，所以选 B 项 followed“密切注意”。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.basicB.secondaryC.formalD.primary 解析：解析：纽约的大部分低收入家庭在家里讲西班牙语，显然西班牙语是这些人的母语或主要语言，故选 D 项 primary“主要的”。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.similarB.same C.newD.different解析：解析：根据下一句：观看电视不仅没有教育作用，好像还阻碍婴儿的发育；可见该结论和前面一项研究的结论一样所以选 B 项 same“一样的”。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.stunt B.
45、influenceC.stopD.destruct解析：解析：根据下一段开头的数据，可知看电视会阻碍婴儿的发育。所以选 A 项 stunt“阻碍的正常生长或发展”。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.marksB.scores C.pointsD.goals解析：解析：此处指婴儿的发育指数，是通过测验得出的数据，所以选 B 项 scores“分数”。score 除了指比赛得分，还可以指科学测验中的得分，比如 she scored 120 in the IQ test她在智商测验中得了120 分。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.distanceB.lengthC.deficien
46、cyD.discrepancy 解析：解析：前一句提到，每天看 60 分钟电视的婴儿，其 14 个月大时的发育指数比不常看电视的婴儿的指数低三分之一。由此可以猜到此处要填一个描述这种差异的词，所以选 D 项 discrepancy“差异，不符，不一致”。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.figuring outB.working outC.missing outD.missing out on 解析：解析：上句提到婴儿看电视会影响发育指数。这一句解释其原因，认为当小孩和大人看电视时，他们错过了交谈、玩耍和互动的机会，因此选 D 项 missing out on“失去获得利益或获得乐趣的
47、机会，错过”。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.unnecessaryB.essential C.relevantD.related解析：解析：小孩和大人之间的交谈、玩耍和互动对于(小孩的)学习和发展很重要。所以选择 B 项essential“必要的，不可缺少的”。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.simpleB.importantC.funnyD.good 解析：解析：下一句把芝麻街之类的电视节目和非教育类节目相对比，可知芝麻街属于教育类儿童节目，而且既然全篇讨论的是电视节目对儿童的不良影响，那么教育类节目应该就是所谓“好”的、对小孩“有益”的节目，所以选 D 项 good“好的”。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.referredB.referringC.compared D.comparing解析：解析：根据短语 pluses or minuses“增减，利弊，好坏”可以推测出此处要填一个表示比较的动词，根据语法分析可知，这句话。when 后省略了主谓语成分 it was 或者 they were，由于compareto结构中 compare 为及物动词，所以此处要采用其过去分词形式 compared所以选 C 项。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.FurtherB.LaterC.Re
