1、考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 141 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Several years into a campaign to get kids to eat better and exercise more, chi
2、ld obesity rates have appeared to stabilize, and might be poised for a reversal. But a study published Monday in the journal PNAS suggests that among adolescents, the【C1】_signs are limited to those from better-educated, more【C2】_families. Among teens from poorer, less well-educated families, obesity
3、 has【C3】_to rise. That class-gap was not【C4】_in younger children. But as children neared【C5】_, the class differences became increasingly obvious. 【C6】_between rich and poor in obesity rates are not new, and they are only one of many health gaps that make poor patients sicker and more likely to die【C
4、7】_than richer ones. But if the public health message on obesity “has not diffused【C8】_across the population,“ this gap could 【C9】_efforts to stem a tidal wave of【C10】_obesity-related diseases in the years ahead. Researchers from Harvard University“s Kennedy School of Government found that【C11】_acti
5、vity may account largely for the【C12】_trend in obesity between rich and poor. If public health experts are to prevent childhood obesity and【C13】_drive down future obesity among adults, they“ll have to figure out【C14】_less advantaged kids don“t get as much exercise, the authors of the latest study sa
6、y. Yes, lack of 【C15】_centers, playgrounds, and streets and sidewalks that【C16】_walking, biking and playing are important, they wrote. But, they added, “this is not the whole story.“ Among children with parents who【C17】_high on the socioeconomic scale, participation in high school sports and clubs h
7、as increased. But among their【C18】_from families of lower educational 【C19】_and income, such participation has【C20】_.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.usefulB.controversialC.distressingD.hopeful(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.underprivilegedB.affluentC.aggressiveD.innovative(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.stabilizedB.stoppedC.con
8、tinuedD.paused(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.inconspicuousB.evidentC.mischievousD.misleading(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.adulthoodB.childhoodC.fatherhoodD.neighborhood(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.DisputesB.DisparitiesC.RecognitionsD.Confusions(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.impulsivelyB.lonelyC.lateD.prematurely(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.evenlyB.unequ
9、allyC.disproportionallyD.speedily(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.joinB.hamperC.strengthenD.stimulate(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.timelyB.livelyC.costlyD.friendly(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.psychologicalB.mentalC.socialD.physical(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.divergentB.popularC.promisingD.convergent(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.becauseB.whereasC
10、.therebyD.unless(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.whenB.whyC.whereD.who(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.educationB.treatmentC.serviceD.recreation(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.encourageB.dispiritC.forceD.restrict(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.constructedB.distortedC.rankedD.felt(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.colleaguesB.peersC.relativesD.acquaintances(1
11、9).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.beliefB.tendencyC.facilityD.attainment(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.declinedB.revivedC.vanishedD.increasedPresident Barack Obama claimed progress Wednesday in his second-term drive to combat climate change but said more must be done to address a generational problem. One year after unveili
12、ng an aggressive plan, Obama said new【C1】_limits on power plants, renewable energy projects and new【C2】_for green technology have cleared the way for further action in the U.S. and abroad, despite steadfast【C3】_from much of Congress. “When you take those first steps, even if they“re【C4】_, and even i
13、f there are politics sometimes, you start【C5】_momentum and you start mobilizing larger and larger communities,“ Obama said. Obama“s【C6】_served as a progress report for his climate plan, which the president【C7】_out last June. Twelve months later, much of the plan is in【C8】_, although the most ambitio
14、us steps are still up in the air and will take years to be【C9】_realized. Change won“t be instantaneous, Obama【C10】_. “There“s no silver bullet“ Indeed, many of the steps he“s taking are【C11】_, limited in scope by hostility from both parties to putting a【C12】_on carbon pollution, which would require
15、new laws from Congress. Still, Obama said he“s seeking to【C13】_the problem but cutting it up into smaller pieces. “We“re moving, and it“s making a【C14】_,“ he told a supportive crowd at the League of Conservation Voter“s annual dinner. The environmental group【C15】_Obama early in his 2008 campaign.【C1
16、6】_on the international front, momentum has been obscure.【C17】_global climate talks next year in Paris, there are fresh【C18】_that some countries are urging others to resist【C19】_moves to curb carbon. That could discourage even bigger polluters from【C20】_.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.productsB.expend
17、ituresC.emissionsD.expectations(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.incentivesB.restrictionsC.sacrificesD.challenges(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.recognitionB.abuseC.supportD.opposition(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.convenientB.hardC.devastatingD.coherent(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.buildingB.losingC.evaluatingD.considering(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.exposur
18、esB.negotiationsC.remarksD.objections(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.carriedB.runC.leftD.laid(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.detailB.motionC.vainD.question(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.fullyB.rapidlyC.disproportionatelyD.flawlessly(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.braggedB.advocatedC.cautionedD.applauded(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.damagingB.indefiniteC.ra
19、dicalD.modest(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.rewardB.priceC.stimulationD.doubt(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.explainB.discussC.tackleD.overlook(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.differenceB.decisionC.mistakeD.mess(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.opposedB.backedC.bribedD.troubled(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.HenceB.AndC.SoD.Yet(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.At the
20、beginning ofB.At the end ofC.Ahead ofD.In the course of(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.signsB.predictionsC.advicesD.requirements(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.beneficialB.ineffectiveC.domesticD.global(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.complainingB.actingC.sharingD.assessing考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 141 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(
21、总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：Several years into a campaign to get kids to eat better and exercise more, child obesity rates have appeared to stabilize, and might be p
22、oised for a reversal. But a study published Monday in the journal PNAS suggests that among adolescents, the【C1】_signs are limited to those from better-educated, more【C2】_families. Among teens from poorer, less well-educated families, obesity has【C3】_to rise. That class-gap was not【C4】_in younger chi
23、ldren. But as children neared【C5】_, the class differences became increasingly obvious. 【C6】_between rich and poor in obesity rates are not new, and they are only one of many health gaps that make poor patients sicker and more likely to die【C7】_than richer ones. But if the public health message on ob
24、esity “has not diffused【C8】_across the population,“ this gap could 【C9】_efforts to stem a tidal wave of【C10】_obesity-related diseases in the years ahead. Researchers from Harvard University“s Kennedy School of Government found that【C11】_activity may account largely for the【C12】_trend in obesity betw
25、een rich and poor. If public health experts are to prevent childhood obesity and【C13】_drive down future obesity among adults, they“ll have to figure out【C14】_less advantaged kids don“t get as much exercise, the authors of the latest study say. Yes, lack of 【C15】_centers, playgrounds, and streets and
26、 sidewalks that【C16】_walking, biking and playing are important, they wrote. But, they added, “this is not the whole story.“ Among children with parents who【C17】_high on the socioeconomic scale, participation in high school sports and clubs has increased. But among their【C18】_from families of lower e
27、ducational 【C19】_and income, such participation has【C20】_.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.usefulB.controversialC.distressingD.hopeful 解析：解析：此处的 thesigns 指代上文中的“儿童肥胖率似乎已稳定下来并有可能出现逆转”。肥胖率趋于稳定，并有逆转的可能，这是一个积极正面的信号，故选 D 项 hopeful“有希望的”。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.underprivilegedB.affluent C.aggressiveD.innovative解析：
28、解析：more与 better-educated 一起修饰 families，说明该迹象局限于什么范围。下文提及与之对比的另一组家庭 poorer，less well-educated families。better-educated 与 less well-educated 对应，本题应选与 poorer 意思相反的 B 项 affluent“富裕的”。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.stabilizedB.stoppedC.continued D.paused解析：解析：首段提及“肥胖率趋予稳定并有逆转的趋势的现象仅限于受过良好教育的家庭”，可推断贫困、教育程度低的家庭的孩子的肥胖率
29、应该还是继续上升，故选 C 项 continued“持续，继续”。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.inconspicuousB.evident C.mischievousD.misleading解析：解析：后一句的转折连词 But 说明两句之间构成转折关系。因此推断 not_与 increasingly obvious 意思相反，故选 B 项 evident“明显的”。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.adulthood B.childhoodC.fatherhoodD.neighborhood解析：解析：转折词 But 说明本句与上句相对。children neared与上文提及的
30、 younger chil-dren相对，故选 A 项 adulthood“成人期”。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.DisputesB.Disparities C.RecognitionsD.Confusions解析：解析：空格后提及的 between rich and poor 可帮助我们在上文中寻找相应的线索。第 3 段使用了class-gap 和 class differences 来描述这种差别，所以应选择与 gap 和 differences 同义的 B 项Disparities“不一致”。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.impulsivelyB.lonelyC.lat
31、eD.prematurely 解析：解析：上文提及 make poor patients sicker(使穷患者的病情加重)，病情越重的人越倾向于更早因病而亡，故选 D 项 prematurely“过早地”。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.evenly B.unequallyC.disproportionallyD.speedily解析：解析：上文提及这种差异是早已有之。But 后面的条件状语从句表示在某种条件下，这种差异会造成严重的后果。因此推断条件句的信息应是消极的，故选 A 项 evenly“均匀地”，代入此处意为“传播不均匀”。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.joinB.h
32、amper C.strengthenD.stimulate解析：解析：上文提及“贫富肥胖率只是(only)很多健康差距之一”，only 暗含这种现象还不是很严重的意思。紧接着 But 的使用提示这种现象在某种条件下可能会带来更为消极的后果，故选消极含义的 B项 hamper“妨碍”。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.timelyB.livelyC.costly D.friendly解析：解析：此处需要一个形容词描述 obesity-related diseases“与肥胖相关的疾病”。本句提及，这种疾病是人们努力去阻止(to stem)的。由此可推断答案应是一个较为消极的形容词，故选
33、C 项costly“代价高的”。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.psychologicalB.mentalC.socialD.physical 解析：解析：根据下文提及的 playgrounds，streets，sidewalks，walking，biking and playing 等信息，可推断解释发展出这种差异的原因应该是跟“身体活动”有关，故选 D 项 physical“身体的”。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.divergent B.popularC.promisingD.convergent解析：解析：第 2 段已提及贫富之间肥胖率的变化趋势是不一致的(the
34、signs are limited to thosefrom better-educated)，再结合原文提及的 classgap 和 class differences，可推断此处的trend 应该是不同的，故选 A 项 divergent“相异的”。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.becauseB.whereasC.thereby D.unless解析：解析：句中 prevent“预防”和 drive down“降低”、childhood“儿童期”和 adults“成年期”之间的先后顺序提示 drive down future obesity among adults 是 pre
35、vent childhood obesity 的目的，故选表目的的 C 项 thereby“从而”。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.whenB.why C.whereD.who解析：解析：此处是健康专家需要弄清楚(figure out)的一个问题。下文的“lack ofcen-ters，playgrounds and”解释了弱势孩子得不到足够锻炼的原因，故选问“原因”的 B 项 why。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.educationB.treatmentC.serviceD.recreation 解析：解析：“centers”跟 playgrounds 和 street
36、s 并列，因此必然属于和 playgrounds、streets类似的地方，结合下文的 walking，biking 和 playing，可选出 D 项 recreation“娱乐”，recreation centers 指“娱乐中心”。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.encourage B.dispiritC.forceD.restrict解析：解析：从句中的walking，biking 是对centers，playgrounds，and streets andsidewalks的说明。上文提出关于弱势孩子“得不到足够锻炼”的问题，其回答为“yes，lack ofsidewalks
37、”，也就是说这些场所是能帮助人们得到锻炼的。故选 A 项 encourage“鼓励”。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.constructedB.distortedC.ranked D.felt解析：解析：此处需要一个动词表示这些家长与 the socioeconomic scale“社会经济地位”的关系。根据空格后表“位置”的提示词 high，可推断答案应具有“处于某位置”语义，故选 C 项 ranked“列为，位居”。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.colleaguesB.peers C.relativesD.acquaintances解析：解析：本句与上句为相对应的平行
38、结构。因此，和 children 进行对比的应是与其平行的群体，故选 B 项 peers“同龄人”。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.beliefB.tendencyC.facilityD.attainment 解析：解析：本句与第 2 段的 Among teers from poorer，less well-educated families 相对应。lower income 对应 poorer。答案应与 less well-educated 对应，故选 D 项 attainment“成就；学识；造诣”，lower educational attainment 意为“更低的受教育程度
39、”。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.declined B.revivedC.vanishedD.increased解析：解析：转折连词 But 连接两个对比的句子，上文中的“在社会经济等级中高的人”与“那些来自于和收入较低家庭的人”是两个相反的群体。因此相应的参与情况(participation)也应是相反的，故选与上文 increased 相反的 A 项 declined“下降”。President Barack Obama claimed progress Wednesday in his second-term drive to combat climate change bu
40、t said more must be done to address a generational problem. One year after unveiling an aggressive plan, Obama said new【C1】_limits on power plants, renewable energy projects and new【C2】_for green technology have cleared the way for further action in the U.S. and abroad, despite steadfast【C3】_from mu
41、ch of Congress. “When you take those first steps, even if they“re【C4】_, and even if there are politics sometimes, you start【C5】_momentum and you start mobilizing larger and larger communities,“ Obama said. Obama“s【C6】_served as a progress report for his climate plan, which the president【C7】_out last
42、 June. Twelve months later, much of the plan is in【C8】_, although the most ambitious steps are still up in the air and will take years to be【C9】_realized. Change won“t be instantaneous, Obama【C10】_. “There“s no silver bullet“ Indeed, many of the steps he“s taking are【C11】_, limited in scope by hosti
43、lity from both parties to putting a【C12】_on carbon pollution, which would require new laws from Congress. Still, Obama said he“s seeking to【C13】_the problem but cutting it up into smaller pieces. “We“re moving, and it“s making a【C14】_,“ he told a supportive crowd at the League of Conservation Voter“
44、s annual dinner. The environmental group【C15】_Obama early in his 2008 campaign.【C16】_on the international front, momentum has been obscure.【C17】_global climate talks next year in Paris, there are fresh【C18】_that some countries are urging others to resist【C19】_moves to curb carbon. That could discour
45、age even bigger polluters from【C20】_.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.productsB.expendituresC.emissions D.expectations解析：解析：文章首句提及奥巴马的计划是应对气候变化“to combat climate change”，因此，此处提及的各项措施均是能够减缓气候变化、对环境无害的。对于电厂而言，限制它们的排放(emissions)才能对环境无害，故选 C。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.incentives B.restrictionsC.sacrificesD.challeng
46、es解析：解析：此处需要一个名词表示政府对绿色技术的态度。下文提及此三项措施为采取进一步行动扫清了道路(clear the way for further action)。绿色技术不会对环境造成危害，因此，如果要推动进一步的(减缓气候变化)计划，绿色技术应该受到政府的推崇。因此，答案为 A 项 incentives“鼓励；刺激”。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.recognitionB.abuseC.supportD.opposition 解析：解析：空格前有 despite“不管”，由此推断其与上文的积极语义(clear the way for furtheraction)相对。且下文
47、第 6 段提及来自两个政党的敌意(hostility from both parties)。两个政党均对奥巴马的计划有敌意，由此推断他的计划遭到反对，故选 D 项 opposition“反对”。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.convenientB.hard C.devastatingD.coherent解析：解析：本句强调只要我们迈出第一步，就能收获积极的回报(you start mobilizing largerand larger communities)。句中插入 even if 引导的让步状语从句。even if 常用来强调尽管会有些阻碍，事情还是会照样发展的。因此，even if 从句中的内容是对积极结果的一种阻碍，故选 B 项 hard“困难的”。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.building B.losingC.evaluatingD.considering解析：解析：此题需要一个动词词组表示如果人们采取积极的行动，会带来怎样的结果。startmomentum应表示积极的动作，与下文的 mobilizing 表达的正面意义相吻合。因此答案为 A，building momentum意为“增强势头”。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.exposuresB.negotiationsC.re
