1、考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 134 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Everyone knows that too much time in the sun can expose you to excessive ultra
2、violet radiation, which can lead to skin cancers.【C1】_that“s not going to stop people from cooking themselves【C2】_the perfect tan. The problem has become an【C3】_: more than 3.5 million skin cancers in over 2 million people diagnosed annually in the U.S. 【C4】_our sun-worshipping ways, scientists and
3、the skin-care industry are working hard to 【C5】_out the safest way to tan. A handful of wearable products have【C6】_made it to market that alert wearers of UV radiation【C7】_they tell you you“re about to【C8】_before you can see it. The simplest might be Smartsun wristband, which alerts wearers of UV ov
4、erexposure with just a【C9】_of color. It starts【C10】_as yellowish-brown when first exposed to UV rays; when it【C11】_pink, that“s the warning to seek【C12】_and slather on sunscreen. If you prefer something a little more【C13】_, try the UVeBand, which vibrates when you“ve had your share of UV rays. Then
5、there“s the JUNE, developed and recently【C14】_by Netatmo. The JUNE has UV sensors built into a fake jewel that connect wirelessly to a smartphone, where an app monitors UV【C15】_in real time, alerting when it“s time to get out of the sun. It also【C16】_your radiation exposure over time,【C17】_you can s
6、ee how bad your summer has been for your skin, long term. All of these products are designed to help wearers【C18】_their sun time. But none have been reviewed or【C19】_by any health regulatory body, which raises some【C20】_.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.SinceB.ButC.ThusD.And(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.in possess
7、ion ofB.in need ofC.in search ofD.in view of(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.epidemicB.exaggerationC.emergencyD.exception(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.GrantedB.GivenC.ProvidedD.Presented(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.turnB.breakC.pickD.figure(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.scarcelyB.accidentallyC.recentlyD.perfectly(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.amountsB.level
8、sC.sharesD.standards(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.burnB.retreatC.shelterD.advertise(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.divisionB.sequenceC.changeD.choice(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.outB.overC.offD.from(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.setsB.marksC.selectsD.turns(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.restorationB.impulseC.signalD.shade(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.extensive
9、B.invasiveC.exclusiveD.decisive(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.launchedB.preservedC.initiatedD.issued(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.stabilityB.intensityC.capabilityD.density(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.observesB.tracksC.refrainsD.boosts(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.soB.forC.whileD.though(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.magnifyB.multiplyC.manifestD.
10、maximize(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.underlinedB.submittedC.approvedD.revised(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.suspectsB.effectsC.promptsD.concernsA set of genes play a role in learning to read and do math, but this ability is not just gene-driven,【C1】_schooling and help from parents are also vital【C2】_. Early mathemati
11、cal ability and literacy are known to【C3】_in some families, but the genes【C4】_affect this have until now been【C5】_unknown. Scientists looked into a data pool called the Twins Early Development Study, which【C6】_12-year-olds from nearly 2,800 British families. The team compared twins and【C7】_children
12、to see how they【C8】_in tests for maths and reading comprehension, and then matched the children“s genomes. Between 10 percent and half of the genes involved in reading were also involved in math, they found, and tiny variants in these【C9】_genes influence skill level. 【C10】_it“s also clear how import
13、ant our life experience is in making us better at one or the other. It“s this complex【C11】_of nature and nurture as we grow up【C12】_shapes who we are. Professor Robert Plomin said the study was the first to estimate the【C13】_from DNA alone on learning ability. But, he stressed, the genetic variants
14、that were identified were not【C14】_“literacy or numeracy“ genes. 【C15】_they formed part of a more complex mechanism in which many genes each【C16】_a small, but combined, effect on learning ability. “Children differ【C17】_in how easy or difficult they find learning, and we need to recognize and【C18】_th
15、ese individual differences,“ said Plomin. “Heritability does not【C19】_that anything is set in stoneit just means it may take more effort from parents, schools and teachers to【C20】_the child up to speed.“（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.asB.soC.thoughD.if(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.reasonsB.rootsC.contributorsD.d
16、onators(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.riseB.runC.deliverD.apply(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.whatB.howC.thatD.when(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.hardlyB.mainlyC.virtuallyD.likely(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.enrolledB.receivedC.absorbedD.employed(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.identicalB.similarC.adequateD.unrelated(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.proceededB.operatedC.pe
17、rformedD.succeeded(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.defectedB.isolatedC.resembledD.shared(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.HoweverB.MoreoverC.ThereforeD.Though(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.interferenceB.interchangeC.interrelationD.interaction(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.damageB.impactC.instructionD.
18、evolution(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.specificB.accurateC.simpleD.explicit(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.ThenB.SoC.InsteadD.Still(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.executeB.exerciseC.examineD.expect(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.reasonablyB.slightlyC.geneticallyD.physically(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.restoreB.restrainC.reserveD.respect(19).【C19】（分
19、数：2.00）A.ensureB.implyC.proveD.reveal(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.thumbB.catchC.liveD.bring考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 134 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.
20、00）_解析：Everyone knows that too much time in the sun can expose you to excessive ultraviolet radiation, which can lead to skin cancers.【C1】_that“s not going to stop people from cooking themselves【C2】_the perfect tan. The problem has become an【C3】_: more than 3.5 million skin cancers in over 2 million
21、 people diagnosed annually in the U.S. 【C4】_our sun-worshipping ways, scientists and the skin-care industry are working hard to 【C5】_out the safest way to tan. A handful of wearable products have【C6】_made it to market that alert wearers of UV radiation【C7】_they tell you you“re about to【C8】_before yo
22、u can see it. The simplest might be Smartsun wristband, which alerts wearers of UV overexposure with just a【C9】_of color. It starts【C10】_as yellowish-brown when first exposed to UV rays; when it【C11】_pink, that“s the warning to seek【C12】_and slather on sunscreen. If you prefer something a little mor
23、e【C13】_, try the UVeBand, which vibrates when you“ve had your share of UV rays. Then there“s the JUNE, developed and recently【C14】_by Netatmo. The JUNE has UV sensors built into a fake jewel that connect wirelessly to a smartphone, where an app monitors UV【C15】_in real time, alerting when it“s time
24、to get out of the sun. It also【C16】_your radiation exposure over time,【C17】_you can see how bad your summer has been for your skin, long term. All of these products are designed to help wearers【C18】_their sun time. But none have been reviewed or【C19】_by any health regulatory body, which raises some【
25、C20】_.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.SinceB.But C.ThusD.And解析：解析：文章首句提到日晒时间过长会导致各种皮肤癌，紧接下来的这句说：那也不能阻止人们去太阳下煎烤自己。两句的语义关系为转折，故选 B 项 But。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.in possession ofB.in need ofC.in search of D.in view of解析：解析：此空前提到人们不惜在太阳下煎烤，空后紧跟完美的古铜色皮肤。cooking themselves 和the perfect tan 之间的关系应为：后者是前者的目的。表示目的趋向
26、的词组只有 C 项 insearch of“为寻求”。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.epidemic B.exaggerationC.emergencyD.exception解析：解析：文章第 1 句提到过长时间的日晒会导致各种皮肤癌，段落最后一句有提到“每年诊断病例有350 多万例皮肤癌”，说明这个问题已经成了一个普遍的“流行病”，故选 A 项 epidemic，同时也可以表示这个问题很普遍且不易解决。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.GrantedB.Given C.ProvidedD.Presented解析：解析：由上一段皮肤癌的数据，可以看出目前的这种“人们对于太阳的膜拜”
27、需要更安全的日晒方法，Given 可表示“考虑到”，后接原因，符合此处逻辑，故选 B。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.turnB.breakC.pickD.figure 解析：解析：本句的主语是 scientists and the skin-care industry(科学家和护肤行业)，宾语为 the safest way to tan(最安全的日晒方法)。结合上一句的皮肤癌数据，可以推断“科学家和护肤行业努力的目的就是为了找到最安全的日晒方法”，D 项 figure out“想出”符合句意。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.scarcelyB.accidentallyC.rec
28、ently D.perfectly解析：解析：空格处的副词起到修饰 have made it to the market 的作用，意思是“已经成功进入市场”。本句的时态为现在完成时，四个选项中，只有 recently“最近”能与该时态搭配，故选择 C 项recently。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.amountsB.levels C.sharesD.standards解析：解析：此处的大意是：提醒产品佩戴者紫外线的。四个选项中，B 项 levels 代入空格，表示“紫外线的强度”，语义通顺，故 B 项正确。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.burn B.retreatC.shel
29、terD.advertise解析：解析：上一段里有一个表述，谈到人们 cooking themselves in search of perfect tan(人们为了寻求完美的古铜肤色而在烈日下暴晒)。所以这些产品的作用就是“在你看到自己被晒伤之前得到提醒”。故选与 cook 近义的动词，A 项 burn“燃烧”符合要求。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.divisionB.sequenceC.change D.choice解析：解析：该句是本段的提纲句，with aof color 应能统领接下来的细节句。根据后面提到的yellowish-brown 和 pink，可看出颜色不同，即颜色
30、会产生变化。故选 C 项 change。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.outB.overC.off D.from解析：解析：空格处应该填入一个副词，与 start 构成词组。如上题解析，本段细节句里的start，first，when 等词表现的是时间上的先后关系，因此所选词要与 start 构成时间关系词组。故选C 项，start off“开始”。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.setsB.marksC.selectsD.turns 解析：解析：上文提到，刚开始接触紫外线时颜色为棕黄色，而空格后为粉红色，因此推断空格处填入表“颜色变化”的动词，D 项 turns 符合要求
31、。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.restorationB.impulseC.signalD.shade 解析：解析：and 所连接的是两个并列关系的情况，与“涂防晒霜”能够并列的当然只有“找荫凉处乘凉”。故 D 项 shade“树荫，荫凉处”符合语境。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.extensiveB.invasive C.exclusiveD.decisive解析：解析：这个形容词应该能描述 UVeBand 的性质，而由 which 引导的从句正好解释了这个产品的性质，即“当你吸收了足够量的紫外线后，该产品会震动提醒”。会震动的产品性质，不是用 A 项extensiv
32、e“广泛的”、C 项 exclusive“独有的，专一的”和 D 项 decisive“有决定性的”等来形容，而应该是 B 项 invasive“侵略性的，攻击性的”。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.launched B.preservedC.initiatedD.issued解析：解析：空格填入的词与 developed 构成并列关系。JUNE 这个产品是“由 Natemo 公司 de 一veloped(开发)并最近_。”产品开发之后，就会推上市场。故选择 A 项 launched“发行，投放(市场)”。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.stabilityB.intensi
33、ty C.capabilityD.density解析：解析：空格处所填的名词应受 UV rays(紫外线)修饰，而手机上的应用软件用于实时监控紫外线的，当然就是强度了。故选 B 项 intensity“强度”。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.observesB.tracks C.refrainsD.boosts解析：解析：空格所在的句子讲述的是 JUNE 产品的又一个特点，大意是：能长时间的日晒辐射。结合下文“你可以清楚地了解一个夏天对你的皮肤有多大的伤害”，可推测 JUNE 产品能“追踪计算”长时间的日晒辐射，因此选 B 项 tracks“追踪”。(17).【C17】（分数：2.0
34、0）A.so B.forC.whileD.though解析：解析：空格前谈到“JUNE 这个感应器能长期追踪暴露于紫外线的时间”，而空格后为“你可以看到夏天对你皮肤的伤害”，前后之间为因果关系，故选 A 项 so。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.magnifyB.multiplyC.manifestD.maximize 解析：解析：本句是承上启下的过渡句，总结了上文所提到的产品的好处。既然是好处，就应该选择褒义词，即对 time 有好处的动词，故选 D 项 maximize“充分利用”。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.underlinedB.submittedC.appro
35、ved D.revised解析：解析：空格处与 or 前的 renewed 是并列关系。而该句由 But 引导，逻辑上表转折，即前一句说这些产品的设计目的是好的，但是没有一个经过卫生健康部门审查或_。行政部门的工作之一就是审批，故选 C 项 approved“批准”。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.suspectsB.effectsC.promptsD.concerns 解析：解析：“这些产品都没有经过审查和批准，因此会引起_”，不难判断空格处的词应具有“担忧，关注”之义，应选择 D 项 concerns“担忧”。A set of genes play a role in learn
36、ing to read and do math, but this ability is not just gene-driven,【C1】_schooling and help from parents are also vital【C2】_. Early mathematical ability and literacy are known to【C3】_in some families, but the genes【C4】_affect this have until now been【C5】_unknown. Scientists looked into a data pool cal
37、led the Twins Early Development Study, which【C6】_12-year-olds from nearly 2,800 British families. The team compared twins and【C7】_children to see how they【C8】_in tests for maths and reading comprehension, and then matched the children“s genomes. Between 10 percent and half of the genes involved in r
38、eading were also involved in math, they found, and tiny variants in these【C9】_genes influence skill level. 【C10】_it“s also clear how important our life experience is in making us better at one or the other. It“s this complex【C11】_of nature and nurture as we grow up【C12】_shapes who we are. Professor
39、Robert Plomin said the study was the first to estimate the【C13】_from DNA alone on learning ability. But, he stressed, the genetic variants that were identified were not【C14】_“literacy or numeracy“ genes. 【C15】_they formed part of a more complex mechanism in which many genes each【C16】_a small, but co
40、mbined, effect on learning ability. “Children differ【C17】_in how easy or difficult they find learning, and we need to recognize and【C18】_these individual differences,“ said Plomin. “Heritability does not【C19】_that anything is set in stoneit just means it may take more effort from parents, schools an
41、d teachers to【C20】_the child up to speed.“（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.as B.soC.thoughD.if解析：解析：首句前半部分提到，在学文算数方面，有一组基因起着作用。但随后否定了完全是基因导向的说法，空格后解释了“并非完全是基因导向”的原因“学校”和“家长的帮助”也很重要。故选表原因的 A 项 as。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.reasonsB.rootsC.contributors D.donators解析：解析：上文提到了基因的作用，but 后说 not just gene-driven，意即还有其他
42、的因素，因此推断空格处应填入跟 driven 语义相近的词，四个选项中，C 项 contributors“起作用的事物”符合要求，表示“学校教育”和“家长的帮助”起到了重要作用，故选 C。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.riseB.run C.deliverD.apply解析：解析：本句大意是：“早期的学文算数能力在有些家庭中”，B 项 run 表示“(一种体系、机构或计划等)在运作，并以莱种特定的方式在持续”，如 everything“s running according toplan，代入空格，指“早期的学文算数能力”是一种遗传特征或体系，在各家族中存在并一直持续体现，符合句意。(
43、4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.whatB.howC.that D.when解析：解析：空格所在的句子主干部分是 the geneshave beenunknown。所以“_affectthis”为定语从句，修饰 genes，该从句缺少引导词作主语。选项中只有 C 项 that 能引导定语从句。且在从句中充当主语。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.hardlyB.mainly C.virtuallyD.likely解析：解析：但 but 连接的两个分句互为反义，前一句大意是：“早期的学文算数能力在家族中遗传是众所周知的(is known)，但到目前为止，影响这一能力的基因仍然未知”。空
44、格处需填入一个副词修饰“未知”。把四个选项代入空格，只有 B 项 mainly“大部分”作了程度上的修饰，较符合语义。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.enrolled B.receivedC.absorbedD.employed解析：解析：科学研究中所需的研究对象通常是招募志愿者的形式得到的，A 项 enrolled 除可指“在一个正式的机构报名参加课程或成为学生”之外，还可指“报名参与某项服务或活动”故选 A。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.identicalB.similarC.adequateD.unrelated 解析：解析：空格所在的句子说：研究组要“对比”这些双胞胎和的
45、孩子。既然要比较，就是在双胞胎和“非”双胞胎的孩子之间进行。故四个选项中选择一个与“非”双胞胎含义有关的。即 D 项unrelated“没有血缘关系的”。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.proceededB.operatedC.performed D.succeeded解析：解析：研究组要看的是这些孩子在数学测试和阅读理解力和流利程度方面的情况，因此推断空格处填入的词应具有“做得怎么样”的含义，perform“表现”符合要求，故选 C。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.defectedB.isolatedC.resembledD.shared 解析：解析：空格前提到，这些基因中有 1
46、0至 50与阅读能力相关，同样也与数学能力相关。因此推断，这些基因是共有的，即 shared，故选 D 项。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.However B.MoreoverC.ThereforeD.Though解析：解析：空格所需填入的词起到承上启下的连接作用。后文提到 it“s also clear，似乎此处应该填入表示递进关系的 B 项 moreover。但是回到文章开头第一段的逻辑关系，相呼应地看，此处应填入的是 A 项 however，用来强调除了基因作用之外，外因的作用非常明显。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.interferenceB.interchange
47、C.interrelationD.interaction 解析：解析：文章首段提及基因对阅读和数学的影响，而本段开头说到人生经历对人的影响，由此可推断塑造人类的应该是先天和后天的共同作用，四个选项中，D 项 interaction“交互作用”能表达这个意思。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.whereB.that C.whichD.what解析：解析：该句看起来很长，结构复杂，但提取主干则显而易见；It“s_shapes who weare。以 it 引导的固定句型中有一个就是强调句，因此空格处不管是强调事物还是人都只能用 that，故选 B 项。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.damageB.impact C.instructionD.evolution解析：解析：Plomin 教授对他们所做的研究做了一个小概括，即“该研究首次评估了仅 DNA 对学习能力的”。结合下文倒数第三段的 in which many genes eacha small，butcombined，effect on learning ability，可推断空格处填入跟 effect 近义的词，B 项 impact“影响”符合要求。(14).【C
