1、考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 131 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_In some countries, societal and familial treatment of the elderly usually refl
2、ects a great degree of independence and individualism. Their【C1】_support is often provided by social security or welfare systems, which【C2】_dependence on their family. 【C3】_. older people may seek their own friends【C4】_become too emotionally dependent on their children. Senior citizens centers provi
3、de a(n) 【C5】_for peer-group association within one“s own age groups. There are problems, 【C6】_, with growing old, in the United States. Glorification of youth and【C7】_to the aged have left many older people alienated and alone. Some families send their older relatives to nursing homes rather than【C8
4、】_them into the homes of the children or grandchildren This【C9】_of the elderly from the young has contributed【C10】_the isolation of an increasingly large segment of society. On the other hand, there are many older people who【C11】_to live in retirement communities【C12】_they have the companionship of
5、other older people and【C13】_of many recreational and social activities close to home. The【C14】_of the elderly can be further understood by distinguishing between nuclear and extended family structures. In the United States the nuclear family, which consists【C15】_the father, the mother, and the child
6、ren, is considered “the family“. The extended family, 【C16】_in other cultures, includes grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, nephews, nieces, and children in law. The【C17】_between the nuclear and extended family is important【C18】_it suggests the extent of family ties and obligations. In extended fa
7、milies the children and parents have【C19】_ties and obligations to relatives. It is common in these families to support older family members, 【C20】_intensive contact with relatives, and to establish communal housing.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.commercialB.financialC.monetaryD.economical(2).【C2】（分数：2
8、.00）A.declineB.shrinkC.decreaseD.contract(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.AccordinglyB.HoweverC.AdditionallyD.Consequently(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.despiteB.rather thanC.overD.instead of(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.timeB.requestC.meansD.obligation(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.thereforeB.subsequentlyC.howeverD.furthermore(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.d
9、egradationB.indifferenceC.humiliationD.degeneration(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.integrateB.divideC.agitateD.disturb(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.selectionB.discriminationC.separationD.prejudice(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.byB.toC.forD.with(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.forceB.imposeC.chooseD.hate(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.sinceB.in whereC.wher
10、eD.which(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.convenienceB.revivalC.liberationD.luxury(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.entertainmentB.recreationC.treatmentD.amusement(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.inB.ofC.withD.into(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.commonB.equalC.averageD.special(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.balanceB.selectionC.connectionD.distinction(18).【C1
11、8】（分数：2.00）A.becauseB.whileC.whenD.if(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.strongB.weakC.fierceD.violent(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.havingB.to haveC.haveD.hadNow custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great importance. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely【C1】_of investigation, but
12、custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact, it is the other 【C2】_around. Traditional custom, taken the world over, is【C3】_detailed behavior more astonishing than【C4】_any person can ever evolve in individual actions. 【C5】_that is a rather trivial aspec
13、t of the matter. The fact【C6】_first-rate importance is the 【C7】_role that custom plays in experience and in belief and the very great varieties it may【C8】_. No man ever looks at the world with pristine eyes. He sees it【C9】_by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking. Even in h
14、is【C10】_probing he cannot go behind these stereotypes; his very concepts of the true and the false will still have【C11】_to his particular traditional customs. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in【C12】_the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which
15、 he can affect traditional custom, is【C13】_the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those【C14】_of his own baby talk that are【C15】_into the language of his family. 【C16】_one seriously studies social orders that have had the opportunity to develop independently, the fig
16、ure becomes no more than an【C17】_and matter-of-fact observation. The【C18】_history of the individual is first and【C19】_an adjustment to the patterns and standards traditionally【C20】_in his community.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.worthB.worthyC.worthwhileD.rewarding(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.pathB.wayC.routeD.
17、avenue(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.a number ofB.a great many ofC.a sum ofD.a mass of(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.In additionB.ThereforeC.YetD.Then(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.inB.ofC.atD.to(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.minorB.trivialC.predominantD.inferior(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.manifestB.illustrateC.r
18、evealD.indicate(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.educatedB.editedC.enlightenedD.eased(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.religiousB.physicalC.philosophicalD.emotional(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.attributionB.referenceC.reflectionD.refreshment(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.meltingB.shapingC.wieldingD.welding(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.asB.becauseC.though
19、D.that(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.wordsB.lessonsC.lecturesD.instructions(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.added upB.taken outC.taken overD.taken up(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.BecauseB.WhenC.BeforeD.Although(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.exactB.roughC.toughD.raw(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.recreationB.educationC.emotionD.life(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）
20、A.utmostB.formerC.foremostD.latest(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.handed outB.handed overC.handed inD.handed down考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 131 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A
21、, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：In some countries, societal and familial treatment of the elderly usually reflects a great degree of independence and individualism. Their【C1】_support is often provided by social security or welfare systems, which【C2】_dependence on their family. 【C3】_. older people may seek
22、 their own friends【C4】_become too emotionally dependent on their children. Senior citizens centers provide a(n) 【C5】_for peer-group association within one“s own age groups. There are problems, 【C6】_, with growing old, in the United States. Glorification of youth and【C7】_to the aged have left many ol
23、der people alienated and alone. Some families send their older relatives to nursing homes rather than【C8】_them into the homes of the children or grandchildren This【C9】_of the elderly from the young has contributed【C10】_the isolation of an increasingly large segment of society. On the other hand, the
24、re are many older people who【C11】_to live in retirement communities【C12】_they have the companionship of other older people and【C13】_of many recreational and social activities close to home. The【C14】_of the elderly can be further understood by distinguishing between nuclear and extended family struct
25、ures. In the United States the nuclear family, which consists【C15】_the father, the mother, and the children, is considered “the family“. The extended family, 【C16】_in other cultures, includes grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, nephews, nieces, and children in law. The【C17】_between the nuclear and
26、 extended family is important【C18】_it suggests the extent of family ties and obligations. In extended families the children and parents have【C19】_ties and obligations to relatives. It is common in these families to support older family members, 【C20】_intensive contact with relatives, and to establis
27、h communal housing.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.commercialB.financial C.monetaryD.economical解析：解析：根据空格后的“社会保险体系或福利体系”，可推断出为老人提供的是经济上的支持，故 B项 financial“财政的，金融的”正确。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.declineB.shrinkC.decrease D.contract解析：解析：老年人获得了经济支持后，对家庭的依赖固然减少。只有 C 项 decrease“减少”能与dependence(独立)搭配使用，且符合语义。(3).【C3】
28、（分数：2.00）A.AccordinglyB.HoweverC.Additionally D.Consequently解析：解析：前一句提及“老年人的财政依赖社会保险体系或福利体系”，而空格后的“老年人可以寻找自己的朋友”是在继续讲述老年人的情况，与前一句之间构成语义递进关系(即 C)，而非因果(即A、D)或转折(即 B)关系，故 C 项 Additionally“另外”正确。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.despiteB.rather than C.overD.instead of解析：解析：“寻找自己的朋友”和“在情感上太依赖于自己的孩子们”在语义上构成鲜明的对比，故 B项 ra
29、ther than“而非”正确。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.timeB.requestC.means D.obligation解析：解析：本句意为“老年活动中心为老人提供了交友的_”，根据常识，“老年活动中心”是老年人聚集在一起活动的地方，因而也能给他们提供交友的“机会”，选项中只有 means“方式”符合语义，因此 C 正确。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.thereforeB.subsequentlyC.however D.furthermore解析：解析：上文所描述的是在一些国家老年人的积极情况，比如社保可以充当主要的财政支持、老年活动中心提供了交友的方式，本句与下一句则
30、是描述美国老年人的情况，由 problem 等消极词汇可看出，本句与上文所描述的在一些国家老年人的情况截然不同、形成很大反差。因此该空格处应表转折关系，故 C项 however“然而”正确。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.degradationB.indifference C.humiliationD.degeneration解析：解析：与该空格相对立的词为 glorification(推崇)，因此空格处的词应具有消极意义。再结合下文的“让许多老年人疏离人群、倍加孤单”，选项中能与该内容呼应的是 B 项 indifference“不关心”，作者用社会对年轻人的推崇来突出社会对老年人的漠不
31、关心。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.integrate B.divideC.agitateD.disturb解析：解析：空格前提及“将家中的老年成员送到养老院中”，这会让老人孤独，语义上消极。rather than 提示下文情况应表示“积极语义”，因此应选具有积极色彩的词，A 项 integrate sthsbinto表示“合并，融合”，符合本句语境。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.selectionB.discriminationC.separation D.prejudice解析：解析：本句中再现了前一句的内容，即这是一种把老年人与年轻人分开的做法，由此可判断 C 项sepa
32、ration“分离，分开”正确。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.byB.to C.forD.with解析：解析：四个选项中，能跟 contribute 搭配的是介词 to，contribute to 意为“促成”，故选B。介词 by，for，,with 都不与 contribute 搭配使用，可排除。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.forceB.imposeC.choose D.hate解析：解析：根据空格后提到的有其他老年人作伴及有一些娱乐及社交活动，可知老年人应该是主动选择居住在这种退休社区。因此选 C 项 choose“选择”。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A
33、.sinceB.in whereC.where D.which解析：解析：分析句子结构，空格所在句为定语从句，且该从句的主干完整，因此引导词应在句中充当状语，此外，先行词 retirement communities 表示地点，因此选 C 项 where，相当于 in which，故 C 正确。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.convenience B.revivalC.liberationD.luxury解析：解析：根据本句末的 close to home(离家里近)可判断，A 项 convenience“方便”正确。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.entertainme
34、ntB.recreationC.treatment D.amusement解析：解析：根据空格后的 further 一词可知，此处是对上文内容的进一步阐述，上文主要是围绕着对待老年人的不同态度展开的故 C 项 treatment“对待”正确。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.inB.of C.withD.into解析：解析：根据该空格前的 consists 及其后的家庭成员可知，此处应表示“由组成”，consist of 可表此义，故 B 正确。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.common B.equalC.averageD.special解析：解析：作者在此意图说明很多其他
35、国家的一种共性，即在很多其他国家中“大家庭”很普遍，故 A项 common“普遍”正确。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.balanceB.selectionC.connectionD.distinction 解析：解析：该空格的前几句是在描述这两种家庭结构的不同，而且 D 项 distinction 对应本段首句中的distinguishing，故 D 为答案。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.because B.whileC.whenD.if解析：解析：空格后面的 it suggests the extent是对前文的解释，所以此处应为 because 引导的原因状语从句，
36、选 A 项 because“因为”。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.strong B.weakC.fierceD.violent解析：解析：根据下文的 common 以及不定式结构 to support to establish 可知，孩子与父母及亲戚之间有很亲密的关系和很强的责任感，故 A 项 strong“强烈的”正确。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.havingB.to have C.haveD.had解析：解析：本句的真实主语包含了三个并列不定式成分，to support，to establish，由此可知此处应采用与其他两个成分相同的不定式结构，故 B 项 to
37、have 正确。做题时要注意把握上下文的关系，切勿将其视为伴随状语。Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great importance. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely【C1】_of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact, it is t
38、he other 【C2】_around. Traditional custom, taken the world over, is【C3】_detailed behavior more astonishing than【C4】_any person can ever evolve in individual actions. 【C5】_that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. The fact【C6】_first-rate importance is the 【C7】_role that custom plays in experience
39、 and in belief and the very great varieties it may【C8】_. No man ever looks at the world with pristine eyes. He sees it【C9】_by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking. Even in his【C10】_probing he cannot go behind these stereotypes; his very concepts of the true and the false w
40、ill still have【C11】_to his particular traditional customs. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in【C12】_the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is【C13】_the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tong
41、ue over against those【C14】_of his own baby talk that are【C15】_into the language of his family. 【C16】_one seriously studies social orders that have had the opportunity to develop independently, the figure becomes no more than an【C17】_and matter-of-fact observation. The【C18】_history of the individual
42、is first and【C19】_an adjustment to the patterns and standards traditionally【C20】_in his community.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.worthB.worthy C.worthwhileD.rewarding解析：解析：but 后的分句提及“至于习俗呢，只是些司空见惯的行为而已”，意即不值得研究，由转折词 but 可推断空格所在分句表示“大脑内部的活动情况才值得研究”。B 项代入，be worthy of 意为“值得”，符合要求。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.path
43、B.way C.routeD.avenue解析：解析：As a matter of fact(事实上)引出与大众不同的一种观点，the other way around 表示“恰好相反”，符合语义要求，故 B 项 way 正确。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.a number ofB.a great many ofC.a sum ofD.a mass of 解析：解析：此空后的名词 behavior(行为)为不可数名词，因此选 D 项 a mass of“大量”，a mass of后跟不可数名词。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.what B.thatC.whichD.where解析
44、：解析：本句对 behavior 及单词 than 之后的内容进行了比较，than 后面的从句缺少了宾语成分，what 可作 evolve 的宾语，故 A 项 what 正确。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.In additionB.ThereforeC.Yet D.Then解析：解析：本句中的 rather trivial aspect 和上句的 more astonishing 显然语义相对立。因此前后句之间为转折关系，故 C 项 Yet“然而”正确。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.inB.of C.atD.to解析：解析：“of+抽象名词”结构相当于形容词，此处用 of 与
45、importance 搭配使用，相当于important“重要的”，故选 B 项。此处意为“最重要的事实是”。其他三项没有这种用法，因而可以排除。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.minorB.trivialC.predominant D.inferior解析：解析：根据该空格前的 first-rate importance 可知，此处应指习俗发挥“主要的”作用，只有 C项 predominant“主要的，占主导地位的”合适，故选 C。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.manifest B.illustrateC.revealD.indicate解析：解析：四个选项均具备“显示”之含义
46、，A 项 manifest 指非常准确、无误地表明，常用于书面语；B 项 illustrate 多指用实例或插图、图表加以说明；C 项 reveal 多指揭露一直隐藏或隐秘的东西；D 项indicate 常用于表示符号或词语的直接意义。相比之下，A 更符合文意。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.educatedB.edited C.enlightenedD.eased解析：解析：上一句提到，没有人看待世界时不会受外界影响，那么看法有可能是被修正过的，因此 B项 edited“剪辑过的，修正过的”正确。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.religiousB.physicalC.phi
47、losophical D.emotional解析：解析：下文的 concepts of the true and the false(正确和错误的观念)是指“人的是非观”，这属于哲学范畴，因此选 C 项 philosophical“哲学观的”。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.attributionB.reference C.reflectionD.refreshment解析：解析：上文提到，他也不能超越这些固定模式(he cannot go behind these stereotypes)，意即他需要遵从这些固定模式，而 these stereotypes 跟此处的 particular traditional customs 对应，因此可各处需要填入表示“遵从”含义的词。B 项 reference“参考”代入，have reference to sth表示“参照某物”，符合本句语义要求。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.meltingB.shaping C.wieldingD.welding解析：解析：四个选项中，只有 B 项 shape 意为“塑造”，可与其后的 behavior(行为)搭配使用，故选B。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.as B.becauseC.th
