1、考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 130 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_What“s your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember learning to walk? Or t
2、alk? The first time you 【C1】_ thunder or watched a television program? Adults seldom【C2】_ events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, just as children younger than three or four【C3】_ retain any specific, personal experiences. A variety of explanations have been【C4】_ by psychologi
3、sts for this “childhood amnesia“. One argues that the hippocampus, the region of the brain which is responsible for forming memories, does not mature【C5】_about the age of two. But the most popular theory 【C6】_ that, since adults do not think like children, they cannot【C7】_ childhood memories. Adults
4、 think in words, and their life memories are like stories or【C8】_ one event follows 【C9】_as in a novel or film. But when they search through their mental【C10】_for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they don“t find any that fits the【C11】_ . It“s like trying to find a Chinese w
5、ord in an English dictionary. Now psychologist Annette Simms of the New York State University offers a new【C12】_for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply【C13】_any early childhood memories to recall. According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use【C14】_spoken description of their pers
6、onal experiences in order to turn their own short-term, quickly【C15】_ impressions of them into long-term memories. In other【C16】_ , children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk about【C17】_Mother talking about the afternoon 【C18】_looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking
7、them about their day at Ocean park. Without this 【C19】_reinforcement, says Dr. Simms, children cannot form 【C20】_memories of their personal experiences.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.listenedB.feltC.touchedD.heard(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.involveB.interpretC.recallD.resolve(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.largelyB.rarelyC
8、.merelyD.really(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.canceledB.figuredC.proposedD.witnessed(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.untilB.onceC.afterD.since(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.magnifiesB.intervenesC.containsD.maintains(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.reflectB.attainC.accessD.refer(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.narrativesB.forecastsC.regulationsD.descriptions(9).【C9
9、】（分数：2.00）A.the restB.anotherC.the otherD.others(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.outputsB.dreamsC.flashesD.files(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.footstepB.patternC.frameD.landscape(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.emphasisB.arrangementC.explanationD.factor(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.aren“ tB.weren“ tC.isn“ tD.wasn“ t(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.anyon
10、e elseB.anyone else“sC.some elseD.someone else“s(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.forgottenB.rememberedC.forgettingD.remembering(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.sensesB.casesC.wordsD.means(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.himB.theirsC.itD.them(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.usedB.chosenC.takenD.spent(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.habitualB.verbalC.prettyD.m
11、utual(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.permanentB.consciousC.subordinateD.spiritualIn recent years a new farming revolution has begun, one that involves the 【C1】_ of life at a fundamental levelthe gene. The study of genetics has【C2】_a new industry called biotechnology. As the name suggest, it【C3】_biology and mod
12、em technology through such techniques as genetic engineering. Some of the new biotech companies specialize in agriculture and are working feverishly to【C4】_seeds that give a high yield, that 【C5】_diseases, drought and frost, and that reduce the need for【C6】_chemicals. If such goals could be achieved
13、, it would be most 【C7】_. But some have raised concerns about genetically engineered crops. In nature, genetic diversity is created within certain【C8】_. A rose can be crossed with a different kind of rose, but a rose will never cross with a potato. Genetic engineering, 【C9】_ usually involves taking
14、genes from one species and inserting them into another【C10】_ to transfer a desired characteristic. This could mean, for example, selecting a gene which leads to the production of a chemical with anti-freeze【C11】_from an artic fish, and inserting it into a potato or strawberry to make it frost-resist
15、ant.【C12】_ , then, biotechnology allows humans to 【C13】_the genetic walls that separate species. Like the green revolution, 【C14】_some call the gene revolution contributes to the problem of genetic uniformitysome say even more so【C15】_ geneticists can employ techniques such as cloning and 【C16】_cult
16、ure, processes that produce perfectly 【C17】_copies. Concerns about the erosion of biodiversity, therefore, remain. Genetically altered plants, however, raise new【C18】_,such as the effects that they may have on us and the environment. “We are flying blindly into a new【C19】_of agricultural biotechnolo
17、gy with high hopes, few constraints, and little idea of the potential【C20】_,“ said science writer Jeremy Rifkin.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.manipulationB.managementC.manufactureD.maturity(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.get along withB.given rise toC.come up withD.lived up to(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.broodsB.breedsC.bl
18、endsD.blasts(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.hatchB.trainC.duplicateD.patent(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.restrictB.resistC.reverseD.retrieve(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.hostileB.hydraulicC.hazardousD.harmless(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.beneficialB.disappointingC.surprisingD.extreme(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.linesB.limitsC.spaceD.ages(9).【C9】（分数：2.00
19、）A.after allB.on the other handC.in any caseD.as a result(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.to the pointB.in no caseC.in an attemptD.with regard(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.qualityB.propertyC.priorityD.quantity(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.In essenceB.In partC.In advanceD.In return(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.brakeB.blazeC.breachD.brand(
20、14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.whatB.asC.whereD.so(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.thatB.becauseC.ifD.when(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.skinB.tissueC.organD.muscle(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.resemblingB.alikeC.similarD.identical(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.issuesB.heightC.difficultiesD.goals(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.spotB.eraC.deadlineD.scheme(20).【C
21、20】（分数：2.00）A.navigationB.mysteryC.outcomesD.destination考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 130 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：What“s your earliest
22、 childhood memory? Can you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first time you 【C1】_ thunder or watched a television program? Adults seldom【C2】_ events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, just as children younger than three or four【C3】_ retain any specific, personal experienc
23、es. A variety of explanations have been【C4】_ by psychologists for this “childhood amnesia“. One argues that the hippocampus, the region of the brain which is responsible for forming memories, does not mature【C5】_about the age of two. But the most popular theory 【C6】_ that, since adults do not think
24、like children, they cannot【C7】_ childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories or【C8】_ one event follows 【C9】_as in a novel or film. But when they search through their mental【C10】_for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they don“t find any
25、that fits the【C11】_ . It“s like trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary. Now psychologist Annette Simms of the New York State University offers a new【C12】_for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply【C13】_any early childhood memories to recall. According to Dr. Simms, children
26、need to learn to use【C14】_spoken description of their personal experiences in order to turn their own short-term, quickly【C15】_ impressions of them into long-term memories. In other【C16】_ , children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk about【C17】_Mother talking about the afterno
27、on 【C18】_looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean park. Without this 【C19】_reinforcement, says Dr. Simms, children cannot form 【C20】_memories of their personal experiences.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.listenedB.feltC.touchedD.heard 解析：解析：考查动词辨析。从句子结构可知，画线处需要一个动词
28、与 thunder 搭配构成动宾词组。thunder“雷”既然是声音，应与 heard 搭配，即“听到雷声”。listened 是不及物动词，只有与 to 连用才能跟宾语；touched“触摸”和 felt“感觉”，均不符合题意。故选 Dheard。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.involveB.interpretC.recall D.resolve解析：解析：考查动词辨析。从句子结构可知，画线处需要一个能与 events(发生的事情、事件)构成动宾结构的谓语动词。本文主要是讲儿童的记忆，本段的前半部分提到童年时代的记忆，此处将成年人的记忆力与儿童的记忆力进行对照。谓语动词应是与记忆有
29、关的词，因此正确答案是 Crecall“记起，回想起”。involve 意为“涉及，包含”，主语常为事情或动作；interpret 意为“口译；解释，说明”：resolve 意为“决定，打定主意要”，均不符合题意。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.largelyB.rarely C.merelyD.really解析：解析：考查副词辨析。此处句意为：“正如年龄低于三或四岁的儿童_能记住任何具体的个人经历一样，成年人很少能记起上学前一年或之前发生的事情”。just as 意为“正如”，表明主从句之间是顺承的关系。既然修饰主句的是否定副词，那么修饰从句的副词也应具备同样的含义。四个选项中只有ra
30、rely“极少，罕见”是否定副词，因此 B 是正确答案。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.canceledB.figuredC.proposed D.witnessed解析：解析：考查动词辨析。本题要求根据上下文及词义搭配选择适当的动词。本句的意思是：“针对这种儿童失忆症，心理学家_各种各样的解释。”下文具体列举了几种解释。Cproposed 意为“提出”，符合语境。canceled“取消”，不符合上下文的逻辑关系，也不能与 explanations 搭配；figured 作不及物动词解时，意为“计算”，不能与 explanations 搭配；witnessed 意为“目击，作证”，不符合
31、题意。故选 C。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.until B.onceC.afterD.since解析：解析：考查固定搭配。not until 是固定搭配，意为“直到才”。句意是：“大脑中主管记忆的部分直到两岁左右才发育成熟。”after“以后”，Once,“一旦”，since“自从”，均不符合文意。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.magnifiesB.intervenesC.containsD.maintains 解析：解析：考查动词辨析。首先，根据句子结构，画线处需要一个及物动词，因此可以排除不及物动词intervenes(干涉，介入)，其常见的用法为 intervene i
32、n。magnifies 意为“扩大，放大”，只能接名词，不接从句；contains 意为“包含，容纳；可包含，可容纳”，均不符合题意。maintains 意为“保持；维修；坚持，主张”，用在此处是“主张，认为”的意思，符合文意，故选 D。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.reflect B.attainC.accessD.refer解析：解析：考查动词辨析。句子的意思是：“最流行的理论认为，既然成年人的思维方式与儿童不一样，他们就无法_童年的记忆”。因此画线处所需要的词应与记忆有关，是可以与“记忆”搭配的动词。Areflect 意为“想到，思考”，符合语境，为正确答案。attain 意为“
33、获得，到达”；access 意为“接近，进入”；refer 用作不及物动词时，意为“提到，谈到；参考，查阅”，常与 to 搭配使用，用作及物动词时，指“查资料；涉及”，常用作 referto，用在此处不符合结构。三项均不符合题意。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.narratives B.forecastsC.regulationsD.descriptions解析：解析：考查名词辨析。画线处的词与 stories 是由并列连词 or 连接起来的，应是 stories 的近义词，而且符合下文对其特点的描述，即 one events follows _as in a novel or film
34、(像在小说的电影里一样，事情一件接一件地发生)。forecasts“预报”；regulations“规章，制度”，均不符合文意，故排除。Anarratives 和 Ddescriptions 都有“描述，叙述”的意思。description 强调“描述”，说明事情、事物或人物是怎么样的。narrative 强调“叙事，讲述”，指像讲故事一样把事实叙述出来，因此 Anarratives 是正确答案。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.the restB.another C.the otherD.others解析：解析：考查词语搭配。one 常与 another 构成固定搭配，意为“一个又一个”
35、，故选 B。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.outputsB.dreamsC.flashesD.files 解析：解析：考查名词辨析。句子这部分的意思是：“在脑海中搜寻童年的记忆”。画线处的词是被mental 所修饰的名词，根据上下文，应是指大脑中保存记忆的地方。Dfiles 意为“记录，档案，文件”，符合文意，因此是正确答案。outputs“产量，输出”；dreams“梦想”；flashes“闪光，瞬间”，均不符合句意。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.footstepB.pattern C.frameD.landscape解析：解析：考查名词辨析。句子的意思是：“但是，当
36、他们在脑海中搜寻童年的记忆，以补充进这一由语言表达的生活经历时，却找不到符合这种_的记忆。”从上文可知，成年人的思维方式与儿童不同，所以画线处的词应指与思维方式有关的内容。Bpattern 意为“方式”，符合语境，表示“符合这种表达方式的记忆”。footstep 意为“脚步”；frame 意为“结构，框架”；landscape 意为“山水，风景”，均不符合语境。故选 B。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.emphasisB.arrangementC.explanation D.factor解析：解析：考查上下文理解与名词辨析。空格处所在的句子是本段的主题句，因此可以根据下文的内容对本题
37、进行判断。从下文可知，这段主要介绍了一位心理学家对于儿童失忆症的分析。此外，从第二段与本段的关系可知，第二段介绍了几种对儿童失忆症的解释，而本段更详细地介绍了一种新的解释。第二段的第一句和本句相互呼应，因此此处的正确答案应为 Cexplanation“解释”。emphasis 意为“强调”，不能与 for 搭配，而常与 on 连用；arrangement 意为“安排”，可以与 for 搭配，指“为作出安排”；factor 意为“因素”，指造成或导致某种情况的原因，通常不与 for 搭配，而与 of 或 in 连用；均不符合题意。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.aren“ t B.we
38、ren“ tC.isn“ tD.wasn“ t解析：解析：考查语法知识。本题考查 there be 句型的用法。句子中的动词 be 要由句中的主语和整个句子的时态来决定。句子为一般现在时，主语 memories 是可数名词复数，因此答案应为 Aarent。句子的意思是：“她争辩道根本没有任何可供回忆的东西”。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.anyone elseB.anyone else“sC.some elseD.someone else“s 解析：解析：考查语法知识。本题考查名词所有格的用法。从句子结构可知，画线后面所接的是名词词组spoken description(语言上的描
39、述)，画线处的词应是修饰或限定此名词的成分，所以只能在 anyone elses 和 someone elses 之间进行选择。anyone elses 意为“任何人的”，someone elses 意为“其他人的”。根据下文的内容，children need to learn to use _spoken description of their personal experiences(儿童要学会使用_叙述自己的经历时所使用的语言)可知，正确答案应为 Dsomeone elses。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.forgotten B.rememberedC.forgetting
40、D.remembering解析：解析：考查语法知识。画线处出现在 to turn their own short-term，quickly _impressions of them into longterm memories 这一结构中，即：“将他们的短期的、很快_的印象转换为长期记忆”。可见“很快_的”与“短期的”意思连贯，而且与 long-term(长期的)意思相反。所以画线处的词应为“忘记”。从结构上来看，被修饰的词是 impression(印象)，它不能做忘记这一动作，因此，应选择过去分词 Aforgotten，表示“被忘记的”。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.senses
41、B.casesC.words D.means解析：解析：考查固定搭配。前句谈到：儿童要学会使用别人叙述自己的经历时所使用的语言，以便将自己的短期记忆转换为长期记忆；本句告诉我们，儿童必须讲述自己的经历，并听别人讲述他们的经历。两句之间是同义转换，in other words 为固定搭配，意为“换句话说，换言”，符合语境，因此正确答案为 Cwords。senses 意为“感官；意义”，常用于 in a sense(在某种意义上说)等结构中；cases 意为“情况”，常用作 in case of(假使；防备)或 in thisthat case(既然是这那样)；means 意为“方式，手段”，常用
42、作 by means of，意为“用，依靠”；均不符合题意。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.himB.theirs C.itD.them解析：解析：考查上下文语义。从第 16 题可知，儿童要讲述他们自己的经历，并听别人讲述他们的经历。因此画线处的词应指 their experiences(他们的经历)。此外，根据句子结构的知识，破折号后的内容应是对前文的解释或进一步的说明，即他的父母谈及他们经历的事。只有 Btheirs 符合题意。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.usedB.chosenC.takenD.spent 解析：解析：考查动词辨析。从句子结构和所给的选项可知，画线
43、处的词是过去分词作后置定语修饰时间名词 afternoon，而且其相应的动词能用在“动词+时间+doing something“这一结构中。四个选项中，used 意为“使用”，通常不用来修饰时间；chosen 意为“选择”，可以说挑个时间去做某事，但意思与句子的要求不符，也不能用作 choose time doing something；taken 可以用来表示时间，但常用在 It takes+time+to do something 的结构中，不能用作过去分词作定语；Dspent 意为“花费；花(时间)；消耗(精力、力气)”，常用作 spend_(time，money or energy)d
44、oing something 或spend(time，money or energy)on something，符合语境，故选 D。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.habitualB.verbal C.prettyD.mutual解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。空格处的形容词修饰 reinforcement(强化)，而画线处前面的 this 指的是上一句谈到的儿童讲述他们的经历和听别人讲述他们的经历这一情况。habitual 意为“习惯上的”，文章中并没有提到父母和孩子经常这样做，已形成了习惯，故排除；pretty 意为“漂亮的，可爱的，恰当的”，不符合文意；mutual 意为“相互的”
45、。如果用在此处，应指父母与孩子相互强化彼此的记忆，这显然不符合文意。文章仅提到儿童通过自己讲和听别人讲来强化他们的记忆。Bverbal 意为“语言的”。不管是听还是讲，都是用语言的方式进行的，verbal 符合这一意思，故选 B。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.permanent B.consciousC.subordinateD.spiritual解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。此处句意为：“没有这种语言上的强化，儿童就无法形成有关他们的亲身经历的_记忆。”从上文可知，儿童的记忆是短期的、很快被忘记的(shortterm and quickly forgotten)，他们需要学习别人，
46、用语言讲述他们的经历，才能把自己的经历变成长期的记忆(long-term memories)。因此画线处的词应与 shortterm，quickly forgotten 等词意思相反，与 longterm 意思相近。Apermanent 意为“永久的，长期的”，符合语境，是正确答案。subordinate“从属的”：spiritual“精神的”；conscious“有意识的”，均不符合文意。In recent years a new farming revolution has begun, one that involves the 【C1】_ of life at a fundamenta
47、l levelthe gene. The study of genetics has【C2】_a new industry called biotechnology. As the name suggest, it【C3】_biology and modem technology through such techniques as genetic engineering. Some of the new biotech companies specialize in agriculture and are working feverishly to【C4】_seeds that give a high yield, that 【C5】_diseases, drought and frost, and that reduce the need for【C6】_chemicals. If such goals could be achieved, it would be most 【C7】_. But some have raised concerns about genetically engineered crops. In nature, genetic diversity is created
