1、考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 119 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Human beings are animals. We breathe, eat and digest, and reproduce the same l
2、ife【C1】_common to all animals. In a biological laboratory, rats, monkeys, and humans seem very much the same. However, biological understanding is not enough:【C2】_itself, it can never tell us what human beings are.【C3】_to our physical equipmentthe naked human bodywe are not【C4】_animal. We are tropic
3、al creatures,【C5】_hairless and sensitive to cold. We are not fast and have neither claws nor sharp teeth to defend ourselves. We need a lot of food but have almost no physical equipment to help us get it. In the purely physical【C6】_, our species seems a poor【C7】_for survival. But we have survivedsur
4、vived and multiplied and【C8】_the earth. Some day we will have【C9】_living on the moon, a place with neither air nor water and with temperatures that turn gases into solids. How can we have done all these things. Part of the answer is physical.【C10】_its limitations, our physical equipment has some imp
5、ortant【C11】_. We have excellent vision and hands that can【C12】_objects with a precision unmatched by any other【C13】_. Most importantly, we have a large brain with an almost【C14】_number of neural【C15】_. We have used this physical equipment to create culture, the key to our survival and success. If we
6、 live in the Arctic, we supply the warmth our tropical bodies need【C16】_clothing, shelter, and【C17】_heat. If a million people want to live in a desert that supplies natural food for only a few hundred, we find water to grow food and【C18】_deficits by transporting supplies from distant places. Inhabit
7、ants of our eventual moon colony will bring their own food and oxygen and then create an artificial earth environment to supply necessities. With culture, we can overcome our natural limitations. It was not always【C19】_. Our distant ancestors were just animals, faced with the limits of their physica
8、l equipment. They had no【C20】_and lacked the physical capacity to use it.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.processesB.actsC.modesD.procedures(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.OnB.WithC.ForD.By(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.StrippedB.ParedC.PeeledD.Removed(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.intelligentB.impressiveC.influentialD.incentive(5).【C5】（分数
9、：2.00）A.barelyB.hardlyC.nearlyD.scarcely(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.meaningB.judgementC.perspectiveD.sense(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.betB.chanceC.factD.luck(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.filledB.loadedC.stuffedD.scattered(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.residenceB.colonyC.homeD.empire(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.Apart fromB.With regard toC.With the
10、exception ofD.In spite of(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.abilitiesB.potentialsC.capabilitiesD.possibilities(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.maneuverB.manageC.manipulateD.manufacture(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.animalB.animalsC.creaturesD.creature(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.infiniteB.unknownC.boundlessD.ceaseless(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.conn
11、ectionsB.relationsC.activitiesD.accesses(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.forB.toC.withD.by(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.artificialB.fakeC.unrealD.unauthentic(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.add upB.break upC.make upD.cut up(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.thisB.thusC.henceD.that(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.intellectB.equipmentC.competenceD.cultureIn t
12、he past few decades, remarkable findings have been made in ethology, the study of animal social behavior. Earlier scientists had【C1】_that nonhuman social life was almost totally instinctive or fixed by genetics. Much more careful observation has shown that【C2】_variation occurs among the social ties
13、of most species, showing that learning is a part of social life. That is, the【C3】_are not solely fixed by the genes. 【C4】_, the learning that occurs is often at an early age in a process that is called imprinting. Imprinting is clearly【C5】_ instinctive, but it is not quite like the learning of human
14、s; it is something in between the two. An illustration best【C6】_the nature of imprinting. Once, biologists thought that ducklings followed the mother duck because of instincts. Now we know that, shortly【C7】_they hatch, ducklings fix【C8】_any object about the size of a duck and will henceforth follow
15、it. So ducklings may follow a basketball or a briefcase if these are【C9】_for the mother duck at the time when imprinting occurs. Thus, social ties can be considerably【C10】_, even ones that have a considerable base【C11】_by genetics. Even among the social insects something like imprinting【C12】_influen
16、ce social behavior. For example, biologists once thought bees communicated with others purely【C13】_instinct. But, in examining a “dance“ that bees do to indicate the distance and direction of a pollen source, observers found that bees raised in isolation could not communicate effectively. At a highe
17、r level, the genetic base seems to be much more for an all purpose learning rather than the more specific responses of imprinting. Chimpanzees, for instance, generally【C14】_very good mother but Jane Goodall reports that some chimps carry the infant upside down or 【C15】_fail to nurture the young. She
18、 believes that these females were the youngest or the【C16】_child of a mother. In such circumstances, they did not have the opportunity to observe how their own mother 【C17】_for her young. Certainly adolescent chimps who are still with their mothers when other young are born take much interest in the
19、 rearing of their young brother or sister. They have an excellent opportunity to learn, and the social ties that are created between mother and young【C18】_Goodall to describe the social unit as a family. The mother offspring tie is beyond【C19】_; there is some evidence to【C20】_that ties also continue
20、 between siblings of the same sex, that is “brother-brother“ and “sister-sister“.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.assumedB.adoptedC.believedD.surmised(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.considerateB.consideredC.considerableD.considering(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.statuesB.statusesC.statutesD.statures(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.What“s mor
21、eB.HenceC.ButD.However(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.notB.onlyC.butD.solely(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.clarifiesB.classifiesC.definesD.outlines(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.thanB.beforeC.whenD.after(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.onB.withC.inD.within(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.appropriatedB.substitutedC.assignedD.distributed(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.variedB
22、.deviatedC.differedD.altered(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.fashionedB.modifiedC.influencedD.affected(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.mayB.shouldC.mustD.can(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.byB.out ofC.fromD.through(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.proveB.makeC.turnD.create(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.otherwiseB.stillC.yetD.even(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.oneB.s
23、oleC.singleD.only(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.lookedB.attendedC.caredD.provided(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.guideB.causeC.directD.lead(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.limitationB.imaginationC.doubtD.expectation(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.adviseB.hintC.implyD.suggest考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 119 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数
24、：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：Human beings are animals. We breathe, eat and digest, and reproduce the same life【C1】_common to all animals. In a biological laboratory, rats, mo
25、nkeys, and humans seem very much the same. However, biological understanding is not enough:【C2】_itself, it can never tell us what human beings are.【C3】_to our physical equipmentthe naked human bodywe are not【C4】_animal. We are tropical creatures,【C5】_hairless and sensitive to cold. We are not fast a
26、nd have neither claws nor sharp teeth to defend ourselves. We need a lot of food but have almost no physical equipment to help us get it. In the purely physical【C6】_, our species seems a poor【C7】_for survival. But we have survivedsurvived and multiplied and【C8】_the earth. Some day we will have【C9】_l
27、iving on the moon, a place with neither air nor water and with temperatures that turn gases into solids. How can we have done all these things. Part of the answer is physical.【C10】_its limitations, our physical equipment has some important【C11】_. We have excellent vision and hands that can【C12】_obje
28、cts with a precision unmatched by any other【C13】_. Most importantly, we have a large brain with an almost【C14】_number of neural【C15】_. We have used this physical equipment to create culture, the key to our survival and success. If we live in the Arctic, we supply the warmth our tropical bodies need【
29、C16】_clothing, shelter, and【C17】_heat. If a million people want to live in a desert that supplies natural food for only a few hundred, we find water to grow food and【C18】_deficits by transporting supplies from distant places. Inhabitants of our eventual moon colony will bring their own food and oxyg
30、en and then create an artificial earth environment to supply necessities. With culture, we can overcome our natural limitations. It was not always【C19】_. Our distant ancestors were just animals, faced with the limits of their physical equipment. They had no【C20】_and lacked the physical capacity to u
31、se it.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.processes B.actsC.modesD.procedures解析：解析：考查上下文语义。根据语境可知此处要表达的意思为：重现与所有动物相同的生命_。Aprocesses 意为“过程，进程，历程”，符合句意，为正确答案。life processes 意为“生命历程”。act 意为“举动，作为”；mode 指“方式，方法”；procedure 指“程序，手续，常规”，均不合题意。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.OnB.WithC.ForD.By 解析：解析：考查固定搭配。By itself 为固定用法，意思是“独
32、自地，单独地”。故选 DBy。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.Stripped B.ParedC.PeeledD.Removed解析：解析：考查动词辨析。根据语境可知此处要表达的意思为：“_我们身上的物理装备(即衣服)”。Strip 意为“脱去，剥去”，故 A 符合句意，为正确答案。Pare“削去；修剪，(逐步)削除”；Peel“去(皮或壳等)”；Remove“移动”，均不符合题意。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.intelligentB.impressive C.influentialD.incentive解析：解析：考查上下文语义及形容词辨析。这句话的意思是“当人类处于赤裸状态
33、时，看起来比别的动物并不优越多少，给人的印象并不深刻”。Bimpressive“令人印象深刻的”，符合句意，为正确答案。intelligent“聪明的，有智力的”；influential“有影响力的”；incentive“刺激的，诱发的”，均不符合题意。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.barelyB.hardlyC.nearly D.scarcely解析：解析：考查副词辨析。根据常识可知人类属“几乎无毛动物”。Cnearly“几乎，将近”，符合句意，为正确答案。barely，scarcely，hardly 表示“简直没有，几乎不”，不能与 hairless 连用，均不符合题意。(6).【
34、C6】（分数：2.00）A.meaningB.judgementC.perspectiveD.sense 解析：解析：考查固定搭配。insense 为固定用法，意思是“从某种意义上说”。例如：in the literalstrict sense 就字面精确的意义而言。故选 Dsense。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.bet B.chanceC.factD.luck解析：解析：考查上下文语义及名词辨析。空格处所在句意为：如果仅从肉体的意义上看，人类很难生存下来。Abet“打赌”，暗指不确定的事物，符合句意，为正确答案。chance“机会，偶然，偶然性”；fact“事实”；luck“运气，
35、时运”，均不符合题意。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.filled B.loadedC.stuffedD.scattered解析：解析：考查动词辨析。空格处所在句意为：我们生存下来并且繁衍生息，遍布了地球。fill“注满，用装满”fill the earth 指“遍布地球”，强调分布范围之广，符合句意，故 Afilled 为正确答案。load“装载；大量供给”；stuff“塞人，塞满”；scatter“分散，散开”，均不符合题意。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.residenceB.colony C.homeD.empire解析：解析：考查上下文语义。从下文中可找到提示：Inhab
36、itants of our eventual moon colony will bring their own food。故选 Bcolony。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.Apart fromB.With regard toC.With the exception ofD.In spite of 解析：解析：考查逻辑关系及介词短语辨析。Apart from，With the exception of 的意思是“除之外”；With regard to“关于”：In spite of“尽管”。根据题意，应选择表示让步关系的 DIn spite of。(11).【C11】（分数：2.0
37、0）A.abilitiesB.potentials C.capabilitiesD.possibilities解析：解析：考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，空格处所在句意应为“虽然我们的肉体有很多局限性，但它也有一些重要的潜力”。Bpotentials“潜力”，符合句意，为正确答案。ability“能力”；capability“能力；才能”；possibility“可能性，概率”，均不符合题意。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.maneuverB.manageC.manipulate D.manufacture解析：解析：考查上下文语义及名词辨析。空格处所在句意为：我们拥有一流的视力和双手可
38、以去_物体。Cmanipulate“手工操纵”，符合句意，为正确答案。maneuver“调遣，用计策”；manage“处理，管理”；manufacture“机器制造”，均不符合题意。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.animal B.animalsC.creaturesD.creature解析：解析：考查名词的接续。any other 后应接可数名词的单数。本文一直在讲“人、动物”的话题。故选 Aanimal。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.infinite B.unknownC.boundlessD.ceaseless解析：解析：考查上下文语义及形容词辨析。Ainfinit
39、e“无穷的，无法计量的”，符合语义，为正确答案。unknown“未知的”；boundless“无边际的”；ceaseless“不停息的”，均不符合题意。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.connections B.relationsC.activitiesD.accesses解析：解析：考查名词辨析。neural connections 指“神经细胞间的连结，联系”。Aconnections，符合句意，为正确答案。relation 指“具体关系”，如：family relations 家庭关系；activities“活动”；access“进入，使用权，通道”，均不符合题意。(16).【
40、C16】（分数：2.00）A.forB.toC.withD.by 解析：解析：考查介词辨析。虽然 supply 通常用在“supply sbwith sth，supply sthfor sb”表达法中。但根据语境可知此处要表达的意思为：我们通过穿衣，庇护所来给我们提供热量。故 Dby 表示“方式，方法”，符合句意，为正确答案。to，with，for 均不符合题意。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.artificial B.fakeC.unrealD.unauthentic解析：解析：考查上下文语义及形容词辨析。Aartificial“人工的，非天然的；虚伪的”，符合句意，为正确答案。f
41、ake“假的，伪造的”；unreal“不真实的”；unauthentic“无根据的，不确实的”，均不符合题意。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.add upB.break upC.make up D.cut up解析：解析：考查动词短语辨析。add up“增加”；break up“破裂，分手”；make up“弥补”，make up deficits“弥补不足”；cut up“切碎”。故选 Cmake up。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.thisB.thus C.henceD.that解析：解析：考查副词辨析。thus 在这里作副词，意思是“这样”，相当于 so。“this
42、”“hence”“that”均不符合题意，故选 Bthus。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.intellectB.equipmentC.competenceD.culture 解析：解析：考查上下文语义。前文曾多次提到 culture，如第四段第一句“We have used this physical equipment to create culture”，第四段最后一句“With culture，we can overcome our natural limitations”故选 Dculture。In the past few decades, remarkable find
43、ings have been made in ethology, the study of animal social behavior. Earlier scientists had【C1】_that nonhuman social life was almost totally instinctive or fixed by genetics. Much more careful observation has shown that【C2】_variation occurs among the social ties of most species, showing that learni
44、ng is a part of social life. That is, the【C3】_are not solely fixed by the genes. 【C4】_, the learning that occurs is often at an early age in a process that is called imprinting. Imprinting is clearly【C5】_ instinctive, but it is not quite like the learning of humans; it is something in between the tw
45、o. An illustration best【C6】_the nature of imprinting. Once, biologists thought that ducklings followed the mother duck because of instincts. Now we know that, shortly【C7】_they hatch, ducklings fix【C8】_any object about the size of a duck and will henceforth follow it. So ducklings may follow a basket
46、ball or a briefcase if these are【C9】_for the mother duck at the time when imprinting occurs. Thus, social ties can be considerably【C10】_, even ones that have a considerable base【C11】_by genetics. Even among the social insects something like imprinting【C12】_influence social behavior. For example, bio
47、logists once thought bees communicated with others purely【C13】_instinct. But, in examining a “dance“ that bees do to indicate the distance and direction of a pollen source, observers found that bees raised in isolation could not communicate effectively. At a higher level, the genetic base seems to be much more for an all purpose learning rather than the more specific responses of imprinting. Chimpanzees, for instance, generally【C14】_very good mother but Jane Goodall reports that some chimps carry the infant upside down or 【C15】_fail to nurture the young. She believes
