1、考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 10 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_In Europe, there has been a serious decline in physical activity over the past
2、50 years. Adults aged 20-60 years【C1】_500kcal less energy per day than they did 50 years ago. This is the【C2】_to the running of a marathon each week. Even【C3】_of participation in walking and cycling are declining, all of which suggests we should be【C4】_to the nearest gym. But the “green“ policies of
3、 these establishments【C5】_to be pretty disappointing: factor in air-conditioning, laundering of towels, energy-consuming exercise【C6】_and the fact that 90% of exercisers【C7】_to the gym. British Military Fitness, the UK“s leading【C8】_fitness provider, offers a programme of nationwide classes in parks
4、, and on common lands, in the【C9】_of its Gym Intervention programme. The organisation【C10】_not just the fitness benefits of working out outside, also our need to spend time in the great outdoors to【C11】_overall mental and physical wellbeing. Group activity is declining as fast as our fit ness rates,
5、 so the complete ethical workout doesn“t merely【C12】_the greenness of the equipment, but also the social capital to be【C13】_by joining in. It also【C14】_to start early. Children urgently need to become more【C15】_. and yet according to Natural England, a public body that encourages people to enjoy the
6、ir natural surroundings, the amount of time and【C16】_children have with nature is declining; fewer than 10% now play in natural places【C17】_woodlands, countryside and common land compared with 40% of children 40 years ago. Research shows that children who are【C18】_to nature will continue to visit【C1
7、9】_landscapes in adulthood and be committed to【C20】_them.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.exhaustB.exitC.executeD.expend(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.amountB.quantityC.extentD.equivalent(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.speedB.rhythmC.ratesD.ratio(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.forcedB.marchedC.compelledD.accompanied(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.intend
8、B.appealC.tendD.yield(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.equipmentB.applianceC.utilityD.instrument(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.driveB.walkC.moveD.run(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.outsideB.indoorC.outdoorD.inside(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.shapeB.frameC.scopeD.field(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.opposesB.desertsC.advocatesD.experiences(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.
9、entertainB.graspC.endureD.maintain(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.assessB.checkC.proofD.symbolize(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.existedB.exhibitedC.gainedD.added(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.paysB.hurtsC.yieldsD.frustrates(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.diligentB.activeC.responsibleD.persistent(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.contractB.contrastC.confl
10、ictD.contact(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.for exampleB.as forC.such asD.as to(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.resortedB.relievedC.exiledD.introduced(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.mysteriousB.naturalC.grandD.unique(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.resistingB.quittingC.retainingD.eradicatingEvidence of the benefits that volunteering can bring o
11、lder people continues to roll in. “Volunteers have improved physical and social functioning,“ said Fengyan Tang, an assistant professor at the University of Pittsburgh School of Social Work, who has【C1】_older volunteers. “They report better well-being and greater life【C2】_. There“s a reduced risk of
12、 death compared to non-volunteers.“ I reported a few weeks back on a public school program【C3】_volunteers, in a small-scale initial study, appeared to【C4】_their risk of cognitive decline. 【C5】_we“re also learning that not all volunteering is created equal. In Dr. Tang“s most recent study,【C6】_in The
13、 Gerontologist, she【C7】_207 volunteers(average age: 72)who spent【C8】_six hours a week on programs providing【C9】_services as preparing meals or teaching computer skills. The results【C10】_how important the programs“ organization and administration can be. Volunteers reported greater “socioemotional be
14、nefits“a sense of having made important【C11】_, feelings of enhanced well-beingwhen the programs【C12】_greater “organizational support.“ What“s organizational support? Thoughtfully【C13】_volunteers with jobs that interest them. Offering training so that volunteers feel【C14】_with the work environment, t
15、he【C15】_, the task, the possible challenges【C16】_Making volunteering more convenient for older people by providing parking or transportation,【C17】_small salaries. 【C18】_their efforts with events or awards. “Organizational support is more important than the individual characteristics of the volunteer
16、,【C19】_longer participation and greater benefit,“ Dr. Tang said. Seniors and families looking for engaging volunteer opportunities, and programs hoping to【C20】_and retain older volunteers, take note.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.worshipedB.trainedC.penetratedD.studied(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.satisfactionB.
17、achievementC.distractionD.engagement(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.thatB.whoseC.itsD.what(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.increaseB.cut offC.raiseD.reduce(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.ButB.AndC.SinceD.As(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.publishedB.adoptedC.enrolledD.posted(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.investigatedB.detectedC.surveyedD.inquired(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A
18、.on averageB.by contrastC.in generalD.at most(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.someB.theseC.soD.such(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.dictateB.demonstrateC.illustrateD.deny(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.effortsB.progressC.commitmentsD.contributions(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.providedB.aidedC.convincedD.equipped(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.arrangingB.b
19、lendingC.matchingD.imposing(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.familiarB.comfortableC.contentD.free(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.stuffB.locationC.operationD.staff(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.alongB.forwardC.behindD.ahead(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.thoughB.evenC.stillD.besides(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.QuestioningB.RecognizingC.PraisingD.Critic
20、izing(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.regardless ofB.because ofC.in terms ofD.thanks to(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.registerB.recruitC.enrichD.thrill考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 10 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each
21、 numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：In Europe, there has been a serious decline in physical activity over the past 50 years. Adults aged 20-60 years【C1】_500kcal less energy per day than they did 50 years ago. This is the【C2】_to the running of a marathon each week. Even【C3】_of partici
22、pation in walking and cycling are declining, all of which suggests we should be【C4】_to the nearest gym. But the “green“ policies of these establishments【C5】_to be pretty disappointing: factor in air-conditioning, laundering of towels, energy-consuming exercise【C6】_and the fact that 90% of exercisers
23、【C7】_to the gym. British Military Fitness, the UK“s leading【C8】_fitness provider, offers a programme of nationwide classes in parks, and on common lands, in the【C9】_of its Gym Intervention programme. The organisation【C10】_not just the fitness benefits of working out outside, also our need to spend t
24、ime in the great outdoors to【C11】_overall mental and physical wellbeing. Group activity is declining as fast as our fit ness rates, so the complete ethical workout doesn“t merely【C12】_the greenness of the equipment, but also the social capital to be【C13】_by joining in. It also【C14】_to start early. C
25、hildren urgently need to become more【C15】_. and yet according to Natural England, a public body that encourages people to enjoy their natural surroundings, the amount of time and【C16】_children have with nature is declining; fewer than 10% now play in natural places【C17】_woodlands, countryside and co
26、mmon land compared with 40% of children 40 years ago. Research shows that children who are【C18】_to nature will continue to visit【C19】_landscapes in adulthood and be committed to【C20】_them.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.exhaustB.exitC.executeD.expend 解析：解析：首句讲到“人们体力活动严重减少”，因此推断消耗的能量也变少，故选 D 项 expend“消耗
27、”。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.amountB.quantityC.extentD.equivalent 解析：解析：本句开头的 This 指代的是“每天少消耗的 500kcal 能量”，而空格后提到“每周跑一次马拉松”，符合逻辑的应是每周跑一次马拉松消耗的能量与“每天少消耗的 500kcal”在数量上相等，故选D 项 equivalent“等价物”。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.speedB.rhythmC.rates D.ratio解析：解析：首句提及“人们的体力活动严重减少了”，因此推断此处是说参与走路和骑车的“人数”也少了，C 项 rates 指部分相对整体形成的“比
28、率”，rates of participation 即参加人数的比率，符合句意。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.forcedB.marched C.compelledD.accompanied解析：解析：上文提及“参与走路和骑车的也少了”，针对这种现象，合乎逻辑的做法应是迫使人们去体育馆去锻炼，故选 B 项，march 可用于 march sbto/into“迫使某人走进”结构。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.intendB.appealC.tend D.yield解析：解析：由下文冒号后的内容可知，此处的意思是这些政策会令人失望，故选 C 项 tend。短语 tend to 意为
29、“倾向于”。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.equipment B.applianceC.utilityD.instrument解析：解析：四个选项中，跟“健身馆”有关的是 A 项 equipment“设备”，指体育健身器材。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.drive B.walkC.moveD.run解析：解析：本句意为“事实上 90%的锻炼者去体育馆”，由上文说的“现在人们锻炼较少”推断他们是开车去的，所以选 A 项 drive“驾车”。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.outsideB.indoorC.outdoor D.inside解析：解析：由下文的 in parks
30、，and on common lands 可知活动是在室外的，故选 C 项 outdoor“室外的”。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.shape B.frameC.scopeD.field解析：解析：空格后的 Gym Intervention“体育健身教育”是该组织的一种项目，一种形式，所以选 A项 shape“形式”。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.opposesB.desertsC.advocates D.experiences解析：解析：The organisation 指的是 British Military Fitness(英军健身俱乐部)。由本段第 1 句的“它在全
31、国范围的公园、公共场所提供健身课程项目”可看出该机构“倡导”户外活动给人们健康带来的好处。故选 C 项 advocates“倡导”。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.entertainB.graspC.endureD.maintain 解析：解析：空格前提到“我们需要花时间在户外活动”，根据上文的 benefits，可知户外活动对人的身心健康有益，故选 D 项 maintain“保持”。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.assess B.checkC.proofD.symbolize解析：解析：上文讲到体育馆的环保措施令人失望，结合选项，推断这里是讲活动好坏不能单评估运动设施是
32、否环保，还有其他的考量。故选 A 项 assess“评估”。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.existedB.exhibitedC.gained D.added解析：解析：but also 表明其后的内容与前半部分之间是一种递进关系，前面是讲环保性，即获得的环境方面的效益，因此这里应讲社会资本方面的收益，故选 C 项 gained“获得”。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.pays B.hurtsC.yieldsD.frustrates解析：解析：由下文的 urgently need(亟需)，encourages people to enjoy their natural s
33、ur-roundings(鼓励人们去享受自然环境)等表述，可推断让孩子尽早多接触自然的好处，故选Apays“对有利”。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.diligentB.active C.responsibleD.persistent解析：解析：根据常识，在自然环境中小孩能更自由自在地活动，因而也会更活泼好动点，故选 B 项active“活跃的”。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.contractB.contrastC.conflictD.contact 解析：解析：空格与 time 并列，在其后面的定语从句中作 have 的宾语，且与 with 构成搭配。在自然环境中多花时
34、间，就多一些与自然接触的机会，所以选 D 项 contact“接触”。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.for exampleB.as forC.such as D.as to解析：解析：空格后列举了一些自然场所的例子，且空格后没有逗号，故选 C 项 such as“例如”。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.resortedB.relievedC.exiledD.introduced 解析：解析：这里还是要表达“接触自然”的意思，只是改成了被动语态。故选 D 项，be intro-duced to 有“融入，接触”的意思。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.mysteri
35、ousB.natural C.grandD.unique解析：解析：空格修饰名词 landscape“风景”，在自然环境中，对应的就是自然风景，所以选 B 项natural“自然的”。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.resistingB.quittingC.retaining D.eradicating解析：解析：由上文的 continue to visit 可推断早年接触自然环境的孩子会喜欢自然环境，也会致力于保护自然环境，故选 C 项 retaining“保持”。Evidence of the benefits that volunteering can bring older
36、people continues to roll in. “Volunteers have improved physical and social functioning,“ said Fengyan Tang, an assistant professor at the University of Pittsburgh School of Social Work, who has【C1】_older volunteers. “They report better well-being and greater life【C2】_. There“s a reduced risk of deat
37、h compared to non-volunteers.“ I reported a few weeks back on a public school program【C3】_volunteers, in a small-scale initial study, appeared to【C4】_their risk of cognitive decline. 【C5】_we“re also learning that not all volunteering is created equal. In Dr. Tang“s most recent study,【C6】_in The Gero
38、ntologist, she【C7】_207 volunteers(average age: 72)who spent【C8】_six hours a week on programs providing【C9】_services as preparing meals or teaching computer skills. The results【C10】_how important the programs“ organization and administration can be. Volunteers reported greater “socioemotional benefit
39、s“a sense of having made important【C11】_, feelings of enhanced well-beingwhen the programs【C12】_greater “organizational support.“ What“s organizational support? Thoughtfully【C13】_volunteers with jobs that interest them. Offering training so that volunteers feel【C14】_with the work environment, the【C1
40、5】_, the task, the possible challenges【C16】_Making volunteering more convenient for older people by providing parking or transportation,【C17】_small salaries. 【C18】_their efforts with events or awards. “Organizational support is more important than the individual characteristics of the volunteer,【C19
41、】_longer participation and greater benefit,“ Dr. Tang said. Seniors and families looking for engaging volunteer opportunities, and programs hoping to【C20】_and retain older volunteers, take note.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.worshipedB.trainedC.penetratedD.studied 解析：解析：上文提到唐冯彦的身份是一位助理教授，助理教授的工作显然是做研究
42、，因此选 D 项studied“研究”。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.satisfaction B.achievementC.distractionD.engagement解析：解析：上文提到“志愿者生理功能和社会功能都有所改善”，因此空格应表“生理或社会功能的改善”，A 项 satisfaction“满意的”代入，表示“对生活更满意”，符合要求。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.thatB.whose C.itsD.what解析：解析：分析句子结构，空格处为定语从句引导词，修饰 program，引导词在从句中作定语，因此选B 项 whose，表示“该项目的(志愿者)”。(4).【
43、C4】（分数：2.00）A.increaseB.cut offC.raiseD.reduce 解析：解析：上文提到“志愿服务活动有益于老年人的健康”，结合空格后宾语 risk(风险)，推断空格处填入“降低”含义的词，故选 D 项 reduce“降低”。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.But B.AndC.SinceD.As解析：解析：上一段提到“志愿者认知能力下降的风险似乎降低了”，而本句却说“并非所有的志愿活动都是一样的”，两者在句意上存在转折，故选 A。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.published B.adoptedC.enrolledD.posted解析：解析：由斜体的
44、 The Gerontologist 可知这是一本刊物，_in The Gerontologist 为后置定语，修饰 study(研究)。“研究”应是“发表”在刊物上，故选 A 项 published“发表”。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.investigatedB.detectedC.surveyed D.inquired解析：解析：根据上文的 Instudy(在研究中)，唐博士应是“调查”了志愿者，C 项 survey 强调“做研究时通过询问别人一系列问题找出其观点或行为模式等”，符合要求。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.on average B.by contrastC.i
45、n generalD.at most解析：解析：上文提及“唐博士对 207 名志愿者进行了调查”，要让数据客观。一般科学研究都会取平均数，且空格前说志愿者年龄也用了 average，故选 A 项 on average“平均”。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.someB.theseC.soD.such 解析：解析：由空格后的 as 可排除 A、B，因为 some 和 these 后不跟 as 短语。此外，由于空格后的services 为名词，故应选形容词 such，排除副词 so。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.dictateB.demonstrate C.illustrateD
46、.deny解析：解析：此处意为“调查结果这些活动的组织和管理有多么重要”，空格处应填入“表明，显示”含义的词，B 项 demonstrate“显示”符合句意。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.effortsB.progressC.commitmentsD.contributions 解析：解析：make efforts“努力”；make progress“取得进步”；make commitments“作出承诺”；make contributions“作贡献”，对于志愿者来说，其行为是“作贡献”，因此选 D。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.provided B.aidedC.c
47、onvincedD.equipped解析：解析：项目方应为“组织支持”的提供者，故填入 A 项 provide“提供”。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.arrangingB.blendingC.matching D.imposing解析：解析：organizational support(组织支持)既然是“支持”，就应该对志愿者有利，即分配他们做自己感兴趣的工作，C 项 matching“匹配”能表达这个含义。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.familiar B.comfortableC.contentD.free解析：解析：从语义上看，培训当然是可以帮助他们熟悉工作环境的，因此选 A 项 familiar“熟悉的”。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.stuffB.locationC.operationD.staff 解析：解析：空格跟“工作环境”及“任务”并列，都属于培训应熟悉的东西，D 项 staff“职员”符合逻辑。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.alongB.forwardC.behindD.ahead 解析：解析：空格处的词修饰 the possible challenges(可能遇到的挑战)，既然是“可能的”，那就是目前没出现的，即“将来的”，D 项 ahead“
