1、考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 103 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_For most of human history rich people had the most leisure. On the other hand,
2、 the poor have typically worked persistently. Hans-Joachim Voth, an economic historian, says that in 19th century you could tell how poor somebody was by how【C1】_they worked. Today things are【C2】_. Overall working hours have【C3】_over the past century. But the rich have begun to work longer hours tha
3、n the poor. There are a number of【C4】_. One is that higher wages make leisure more expensive: if people take time【C5】_they give up more money. Since the 1980s the【C6】_of those at the top have risen strongly, while those below the median have stood still or fallen. Thus rising【C7】_encourages the rich
4、 to work more and the poor to work less. The【C8】_of work and leisure in the rich world has also changed. Back in 1899 Thorstein Veblen offered his【C9】_on things. He argued that leisure was a “badge of honor“. Rich people could get others to do the 【C10】_ , repetitive work. Yet Veblen“s leisure class
5、 was not【C11】_ Rather they engaged in “exploit“:【C12】_and creative activities such as writing, charity and【C13】_. Veblen“s theory needs【C14】_. Work in advanced economies has become more【C15】_and intellectual. There are fewer really dull jobs, like lift-operating, and more【C16】_ones, like fashion des
6、ign. That means more people than ever can enjoy “exploit“ at the【C17】_. Work has come to offer the sort of pleasures that rich people used to 【C18】_in their leisure time. On the other hand, leisure is【C19】_a sign of social power. Instead it【C20】_uselessness and unemployment.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.0
7、0）A.longB.muchC.wellD.often(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.identicalB.similarC.differentD.satisfying(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.risenB.weakenedC.grantedD.fallen(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.explanationsB.requirementsC.workoutsD.consequences(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.overB.offC.afterD.on(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.pensionsB.tuitionsC.salariesD.quali
8、fications(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.comparisonB.comprehensionC.inflationD.inequality(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.statusB.guidanceC.genreD.allocation(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.doubtB.oppositionC.takeD.support(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.innovativeB.dirtyC.decentD.plausible(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.idleB.industriousC.reliableD.pessimistic(
9、12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.boringB.simpleC.misleadingD.challenging(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.typingB.debatingC.documentingD.jogging(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.understandingB.assistingC.updatingD.repairing(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.labor-intensiveB.data-intensiveC.capital-intensiveD.knowledge-intensive(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.gla
10、morousB.monotonousC.damagingD.risky(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.homeB.schoolC.officeD.station(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.abolishB.eliminateC.proposeD.seek(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.more or lessB.no longerC.no doubtD.no more(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.symbolizesB.determinesC.triggersD.protests“Money Matters on Campus“ is a rece
11、ntly released study on financial literacy among young adults. It supports providing students with the opportunity to learn how to make【C1】_ decisions about their consumer choices, how to manage money on their own, and how to grow and protect their financial【C2】_before they enter college or the workf
12、orce. The study【C3】_more than 65,000 first-year college students across the U.S. on banking, savings, credit cards and school loans, as well as a series of questions designed to【C4】_students“ financial knowledge. Researchers found【C5】_differences in the financial 【C6】_of students based on age, race,
13、 【C7】_and institution type. Students who received financial literacy education in high school scored significantly higher than their【C8】_on financial knowledge questions such as how much to set aside in an emergency【C9】_and what to do if you have too many credit cards. Even more importantly, the stu
14、dents who had previous financial literacy education were found to be more responsible【C10】_it comes to their moneyfor example, they were more financially【C11】_and more unwilling to【C12】_debt in general. As financial【C13】_are the number one reason students leave college, engaging students at the outs
15、et of their college experience will【C14】_the likelihood that they will make【C15】_ financial decisions and complete their degree on time. And while traditional financial literacy education has focused【C16】_on providing financial knowledge, “Money Matters on Campus“ research amplifies the need to【C17】
16、_students“ individual attitudes, motivations and 【C18】_. By providing students with relevant information that【C19】_home immediately, this initiative has led to an 11 percent drop in federal loan borrowing at the【C20】_.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.informedB.inspiredC.inevitableD.influential(2).【C2】（分
17、数：2.00）A.activitiesB.assetsC.accountsD.abilities(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.detectedB.assembledC.includedD.surveyed(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.assessB.acquireC.accumulateD.transfer(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.minorB.fundamentalC.significantD.sophisticated(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.aptitudesB.capacitiesC.capabilitiesD.enthusiasms(7).【C
18、7】（分数：2.00）A.genderB.hometownC.hobbyD.taste(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.ancestorsB.peersC.candidatesD.colleagues(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.roomB.alarmC.fundD.goods(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.whileB.althoughC.whenD.moreover(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.temperamentalB.subjectiveC.ambiguousD.cautious(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.incurB.payC.con
19、solidateD.get(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.issuesB.investmentsC.crisesD.aids(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.eliminateB.minimizeC.undermineD.maximize(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.randomB.biasedC.soundD.arbitrary(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.absolutelyB.eventuallyC.accuratelyD.primarily(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.cater toB.intend forC.account fo
20、rD.correspond to(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.occupationsB.behaviorsC.ambitionsD.assignments(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.goesB.leavesC.hitsD.finds(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.schoolB.hospitalC.factoryD.government考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 103 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections
21、: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：For most of human history rich people had the most leisure. On the other hand, the poor have typically worked persistently. Hans-Joachim Voth, an economic historian, says that in 19th centu
22、ry you could tell how poor somebody was by how【C1】_they worked. Today things are【C2】_. Overall working hours have【C3】_over the past century. But the rich have begun to work longer hours than the poor. There are a number of【C4】_. One is that higher wages make leisure more expensive: if people take ti
23、me【C5】_they give up more money. Since the 1980s the【C6】_of those at the top have risen strongly, while those below the median have stood still or fallen. Thus rising【C7】_encourages the rich to work more and the poor to work less. The【C8】_of work and leisure in the rich world has also changed. Back i
24、n 1899 Thorstein Veblen offered his【C9】_on things. He argued that leisure was a “badge of honor“. Rich people could get others to do the 【C10】_ , repetitive work. Yet Veblen“s leisure class was not【C11】_ Rather they engaged in “exploit“:【C12】_and creative activities such as writing, charity and【C13】
25、_. Veblen“s theory needs【C14】_. Work in advanced economies has become more【C15】_and intellectual. There are fewer really dull jobs, like lift-operating, and more【C16】_ones, like fashion design. That means more people than ever can enjoy “exploit“ at the【C17】_. Work has come to offer the sort of plea
26、sures that rich people used to 【C18】_in their leisure time. On the other hand, leisure is【C19】_a sign of social power. Instead it【C20】_uselessness and unemployment.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.long B.muchC.wellD.often解析：解析：上文提及富人有闲而穷人却终日劳作，由此推断出：一个人的贫富与他们是否需要长时间工作有着密切的关联。因此，句中对贫富的状态进行判断的依据是工作时长，故选 A
27、 项，how long 意为“多长时间”。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.identicalB.similarC.different D.satisfying解析：解析：上文提及 19 世纪时，富人有闲而穷人却终日劳作。下文则提及富人开始“比穷人工作更长时间”work longer hours than the poor。很明显今天的情况与过去的不一样，故选 C 项different“不同的”。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.risenB.weakenedC.grantedD.fallen 解析：解析：下句中的转折词 But 提示本句中 overall working hours
28、的变化趋势与下句提及的 the rich have begun to work longer 是相反的。故选 D 项 fallen“下降”。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.explanations B.requirementsC.workoutsD.consequences解析：解析：上一段提及“富人开始更长时间地工作”的观点。空格后说到“其一是更高的工资使得闲暇的时间更昂贵”，这是对“富人工作更长时间”的解释，故选表原因的 A 项 explanations“解释”。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.overB.off C.afterD.on解析：解析：上文提及 higher wag
29、es make leisure more expensive，高工资使得人们会由于休闲而失去挣钱的机会。因此，此处能导致人们放弃挣钱机会的前提条件是人们想要休闲。故选 B 项。take time off 意为“休息，休假”。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.pensionsB.tuitionsC.salaries D.qualifications解析：解析：本句是对上文 higher wages make leisure more expensive 的补充说明。此处 _ have risen strongly 与上文 higher wages 呼应，故选 C 项 salaries“薪金”
30、。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.comparisonB.comprehensionC.inflationD.inequality 解析：解析：此处需要一个名词对上句所说现象进行总结。上句提及“顶层的_ 迅猛增长”，而“中层以下的则停滞不前或有所下降”。这是一种“不平等”，故选 D 项 inequality“不平等”。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.status B.guidanceC.genreD.allocation解析：解析：下文提及“闲暇是一种荣誉勋章(a badge of honor)”和“闲暇是一种社会权力的标记(a sign of social power)”，其中
31、honor、social power 和 uselessness and unemployment 均为休闲在不同时期所能体现出的不同的“地位”。故选 A 项 status“地位”。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.doubtB.oppositionC.take D.support解析：解析：下句的 He argued that提示，此处是托斯丁韦布伦给出的个人见解。选项中能与 offer连用且表示某一种看法的只有 C 项。sb“s take on意为“某人对某事的看法”。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.innovativeB.dirty C.decentD.plausible解
32、析：解析：此处需要一个形容词与 repetitive 并列，表示富人不愿去做的工作类型。选项中能与repetitive“重复性的”平行的应为具有消极语义的 B 项 duty“肮脏的”。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.idle B.industriousC.reliableD.pessimistic解析：解析：下句的 Rather they engaged in“exploit”提示富人们还是忙于某些事情的。因此，not后的形容词应为“忙于某事”的反义表达，故选 A 项 idle“懒惰的”。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.boringB.simpleC.misleadingD
33、.challenging 解析：解析：空格与 creative 并列，属于富人们所致力于的开拓类型的工作。因此，本题答案应选与“开拓性”相关的 D 项 challenging“具有挑战性的”。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.typingB.debating C.documentingD.jogging解析：解析：此处需要一个与 writing 和 charity 并列的名词。句中 such as 提示此三名词应属于exploit 的范畴，并与 creative 相关。选项中能与此两者相关的只有 B 项 debating“辩论”。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.underst
34、andingB.assistingC.updating D.repairing解析：解析：上一段讲到托斯丁韦布伦 1899 年提出“休闲是一种荣誉勋章”的观点，本段表达的是“工作给人们带来快乐”，这是对韦布伦观点的一种否定。选项中能与 need 连用表达这种“否定”的只有 C 项 updating“更新”。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.labor-intensiveB.data-intensiveC.capital-intensiveD.knowledge-intensive 解析：解析：空格与 intellectual 并列，表达发达经济体中工作的主要属性。intellectua
35、l 强调的是智力的重要性，与此呼应的是 D 项 knowledge-intensive“知识密集型的”。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.glamorous B.monotonousC.damagingD.risky解析：解析：本句 fewer dull jobs 和 more_ jobs 中的 fewer 和 more 提示，此处是对 dull jobs和_ jobs 进行对比。结合空格后举的例子 fashion design“时尚设计”，可知应选与 dull 语义相反的 A 项 glamorous“有吸引力的”。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.homeB.schoolC.
36、office D.station解析：解析：上句提及“无趣的工作越来越少”，由此推断出现在的工作更加有趣和具有新意。结合下句提及的“工作能提供乐趣”，可推断此处提及人们享受“开拓”的地点应为办公室，故选 C 项 office。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.abolishB.eliminateC.proposeD.seek 解析：解析：上句提及，现在人们可以在工作中享受“开拓”(enjoy“exploit”)，即 exploit 是一种能使人获得快乐的活动。而过去，富人们 engaged in“exploit“。故推断，过去富人们在休闲时所进行的探索活动是为了得到快乐。因此选具有“努
37、力获得”语义的 D 项 seek“寻求”。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.more or lessB.no longer C.no doubtD.no more解析：解析：本部分强调工作的重要性(work offer people pleasure)。相应地，休闲的积极意义已被取代。因此，下文提及休闲的意义时，应在具有积极语义的 a sign of social power“社会权力的象征”前应加上表否定的短语，故选 B 项 no longer“不再”。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.symbolizes B.determinesC.triggersD.protests解析
38、：解析：由 Instead 可看出本句与前句是对比关系。前一句提到“休闲_一种社会权力的象征”。本句提及“相反，它_无用和失业”。“社会权力”与“无用、失业”相对，因此此处需要一个动词来代替 is a sign of，故选 A 项 symbolizes“象征”。“Money Matters on Campus“ is a recently released study on financial literacy among young adults. It supports providing students with the opportunity to learn how to make
39、【C1】_ decisions about their consumer choices, how to manage money on their own, and how to grow and protect their financial【C2】_before they enter college or the workforce. The study【C3】_more than 65,000 first-year college students across the U.S. on banking, savings, credit cards and school loans, a
40、s well as a series of questions designed to【C4】_students“ financial knowledge. Researchers found【C5】_differences in the financial 【C6】_of students based on age, race, 【C7】_and institution type. Students who received financial literacy education in high school scored significantly higher than their【C
41、8】_on financial knowledge questions such as how much to set aside in an emergency【C9】_and what to do if you have too many credit cards. Even more importantly, the students who had previous financial literacy education were found to be more responsible【C10】_it comes to their moneyfor example, they we
42、re more financially【C11】_and more unwilling to【C12】_debt in general. As financial【C13】_are the number one reason students leave college, engaging students at the outset of their college experience will【C14】_the likelihood that they will make【C15】_ financial decisions and complete their degree on tim
43、e. And while traditional financial literacy education has focused【C16】_on providing financial knowledge, “Money Matters on Campus“ research amplifies the need to【C17】_students“ individual attitudes, motivations and 【C18】_. By providing students with relevant information that【C19】_home immediately, t
44、his initiative has led to an 11 percent drop in federal loan borrowing at the【C20】_.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.informed B.inspiredC.inevitableD.influential解析：解析：根据文章首句得知这个研究是关于年轻人的理财知识的，而本句也提到了提供机会给年轻人学会如何理财，所以推断此处应是学习如何做出明智的消费选择，informed decision 指“明智的决定”，符合语境要求，故选 A。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.activities
45、B.assets C.accountsD.abilities解析：解析：前面提到提供机会给年轻人学习如何管理他们的钱，此处讲“增加和保护他们的_”，推断此空跟 money 相关。故选 B 项 assets“财产”。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.detectedB.assembledC.includedD.surveyed 解析：解析：根据文章的首句得知，此项研究针对的是年轻人，所以年轻人就是这个研究的调查对象，故选 D 项 surveyed“对做民意调查”。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.assess B.acquireC.accumulateD.transfer解析：解析：第
46、2 段第 1 句提到，这项研究是对学生的银行业务等知识进行调查，设计的一系列问题也是为了对他们的理财知识进行评估，因此 A 项 assess“评估”最贴切。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.minorB.fundamentalC.significant D.sophisticated解析：解析：通过第 3 段第 1 句中 Students who received financial literacy education in high school scored significantly higher“高中阶段接受过理财教育的学生得分明显高于”可以看出，学生们的理财知识掌握程度存在重大
47、差异，因此选 C 项 significant“重大的”。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.aptitudesB.capacitiesC.capabilities D.enthusiasms解析：解析：四个选项中，只有 C 项 capabilities 与 financial 搭配，能表示“理财能力”。与文章中的这项研究的主题“financial literacy”，“how to manage money”等一致。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.gender B.hometownC.hobbyD.taste解析：解析：此处需要一个与 age，race 并列的词，A 项 gender“性别”正好与“年龄”、“种族”相呼应，故选 A。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.ancestorsB.peers C.candidatesD.colleagues解析：解析：文中的 study 的调查对象是 college students，所以调查结果应该是在高中接受过理财培训的学生与其他年轻人之间的比较，被比较对象应该年龄相当。B 项 peers“同辈，同龄人”符合要求。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.roomB.alarmC.fund D.goods解析：解析
