1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 141 及答案解析(总分：136.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Do people get happier or more foul-tempered as they age? Stereotypes of irritable
2、 neighbors【C1】_, scientists have been trying to answer this question for decades, and the results have been【C2】_Now a study of several thousand Americans born between 1885 and 1980 reveals that well-being【C3】_increases with agebut overall happiness【C4】_when a person was born. 【C5】_studies that have【
3、C6】_older adults with the middle-aged and young have sometimes found that older adults are not as happy. But these studies could not【C7】_whether their【C8】_was because of their age or because of their【C9】_life experience. The new study, published online January 24 in Psychological Science ,【C10】_out
4、the answer by examining 30 years of data on thousands of Americans, including【C11】_measures of mood and well-being, reports of job and relationship success, and objective measures of health. The researchers found, after controlling for variables【C12】_health, wealth, gender, ethnicity and education,
5、that well-being increases over everyones lifetime.【C13】_people who have lived through extreme hardship, such as the Great Depression,【C14】_much less happy than those who have had more【C15】_lives. This finding helps to【C16】_why past studies have found conflicting resultsexperience【C17】_, and tough ti
6、mes can【C18】_an entire generations happiness for the rest of their lives. The【C19】_news is,【C20】_weve lived through, we can all look forward to feeling more content as we age.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.alikeB.alongsideC.asideD.besides(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.conflictingB.worryingC.revealingD.appealing(3
7、).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.accordinglyB.indeedC.henceD.nevertheless(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.resides withB.rests withC.depends onD.reckons on(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.FollowingB.PrecedingC.PreviousD.Later(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.matchedB.relatedC.comparedD.associated(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.deriveB.discernC.discoverD.detect(8).【C8】（分数
8、：2.00）A.discontentB.unwillingnessC.incompetenceD.precariousness(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.limitedB.abundantC.commonD.different(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.ruledB.teasedC.leftD.marked(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.biologicalB.medicalC.physicalD.psychological(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.instead ofB.along withC.such asD.apart from(13).
9、【C13】（分数：2.00）A.ThusB.EvenC.ThenD.But(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.start upB.start offC.start overD.start on(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.laboriousB.comfortableC.insecureD.meaningful(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.explainB.estimateC.establishD.exhibit(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.expandsB.emergesC.mattersD.recurs(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.enr
10、ichB.influenceC.boostD.delay(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.goodB.surprisingC.badD.latest(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.whileB.thoughC.no matter whatD.no matter how二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：52.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each
11、text by choosing A, B, C or D._Many animals have some level of social intelligence, allowing them to coexist and cooperate with other members of their species. Wolves, for examplethe probable ancestors of dogslive in packs that hunt together and have a complex hierarchy. But dogs have evolved an ext
12、raordinarily rich social intelligence as theyve adapted to life with us. All the things we love about our dogsthe joy they seem to take in our presence, the many ways they integrate themselves into our livesspring from those social skills. Hare Brian, assistant professor of evolutionary anthropology
13、 at Duke University, and others are trying to figure out how the intimate coexistence of humans and dogs has shaped the animals remarkable abilities. Hare suspects that the evolutionary pressures that turned suspicious wolves into outgoing dogs were similar to the ones that turned combative apes int
14、o cooperative humans. “Humans are unique. But how did that uniqueness evolve?“ asks Hare. “Thats where dogs are important.“ The first rule for scientists studying dogs is, dont trust your hunches . Just because a dog looks as if it can count or understand words doesnt mean it can. “We say to owners,
15、 look, you may have intuitions about your dog that are valuable,“ says Marc Hauser, a cognitive psychologist at Harvard University. “But they might be wrong.“ Alexandra Horowitz, a cognitive scientist at Barnard College, and other scientists are now running experiments to determine what a behavior,
16、like a kiss, really means. In some cases, their research suggests that our pets are manipulating us rather than welling up with human-like feeling. “They could be the ultimate charlatans ,“ says Hauser. Weve all seen guilty dogs slinking away with lowered tails, for example. Horowitz wondered if the
17、y behave this way because they truly recognize they ve done something wrong, so she devised an experiment. First she observed how dogs behaved when they did something they werent supposed to do and were scolded by their owners. Then she tricked the owners into believing the dogs had misbehaved when
18、they hadnt. When the humans scolded the dogs, the dogs were just as likely to look guilty, even though they were innocent of any misbehavior. Whats at play here, she concluded, is not some inner sense of right and wrong but a learned ability to act submissive when an owner gets angry. “Its a white-f
19、lag response,“ Horowitz says. While this kind of manipulation may be unsettling to us, it reveals how carefully dogs pay attention to humans and learn from what they observe. That same attentiveness also gives dogsor at least certain dogsa skill with words that seems eerily human.（分数：10.00）(1).The a
20、uthor mentions wolves to show that_.（分数：2.00）A.they have similar habitsB.animals have social intelligenceC.they adapt to human life easilyD.they are ancestors to dogs(2).Why does Brian want to know how suspicious wolves became friendly dogs?（分数：2.00）A.Because it may reveal something about the evolut
21、ion of humans from apes.B.Because he has realized that dogs are not really friendly animals.C.Because the coexistence of animals and humans is important nowadays.D.Because dogs have developed intimate relationships with humans.(3).The word “hunches“ (Para. 3) probably refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.friendly
22、animalsB.academic knowledgeC.intuitive understandingD.psychological explanations(4).Hauser calls dogs “the ultimate charlatans“ (Para. 4) because_.（分数：2.00）A.they actually want to bite us when they kiss usB.they are unreliable and untrustworthyC.our intuitions about them are misled by themD.they wel
23、l up with intimate feeling for us(5).When scolded, dogs_.（分数：2.00）A.feel guilty of what they have done wronglyB.pretend to be guilty of some wrongdoingsC.become attentive to their owners wordsD.demonstrate some submissive behaviorDont talk: your cell phone may be eavesdropping. Thanks to recent deve
24、lopments in “spy phone“ software, a do-it-yourself spook can now wirelessly transfer a wiretapping program to any mobile phone. The programs are inexpensive, and the transfer requires no special skill. The would-be spy needs to get his hands on your phone to press keys authorizing the download, but
25、it takes just a few minutesabout the time needed to download a ringtone. This new generation of user-friendly spy-phone software has become widely available in the last yearand it confers stunning powers. The latest programs can silently turn on handset microphones even when no call is being made, a
26、llowing a spy to listen to voices in a room halfway around the world. Targets are none the wiser: neither call logs nor phone bills show records of the secretly transmitted data. More than 200 companies sell spy-phone software online, at prices as low as $ 50. Vendors are loath to release sales figu
27、res. But some experts claim that a surprising number of people carry a mobile that has been compromised, usually by a spouse, lover, parent or co-worker. Many employees, experts say, hope to discover a supervisors dishonest dealings and tip off the top boss anonymously. Max Maiellaro, head of Agata
28、Christie Investigation, a private-investigation firm in Milan, estimates that 3 percent of mobiles in France and Germany are tapped, and about 5 percent or so in Greece, Italy, Romania and Spain. James Atkinson, a spy-phone expert at Granite Island Group, a security consultancy in Gloucester, Massac
29、husetts, puts the number of tapped phones in the U.S. at 3 percent. Even if these numbers are inflated, clearly many otherwise law-abiding citizens are willing to break wiretapping laws. Spyware thrives on iPhones, BlackBerrys and other smart phones because they have ample processing power. In the U
30、nited States, the spread of GSM networks, which are more vulnerable than older technologies, has also enlarged the pool of potential victims. Spyware being developed for law-enforcement agencies will accompany a text message and automatically install itself in the victim s phone when the message is
31、opened, according to an Italian developer who declined to be identified. One worry is that the software will find its way into the hands of criminals. The current embarrassment is partly the result of decisions by Apple, Microsoft and Research In Motion (producer of the BlackBerry) to open their pho
32、nes to outside application-software developers, which created the opening for spyware. Antivirus and security programs developed for computers require too much processing power, even for smart phones. Although security programs are available for phones, by and large users havent given the threat muc
33、h thought. If the spying keeps spreading, that may change soon.（分数：10.00）(1).The cell phone may be eavesdropping in that_.（分数：2.00）A.the spy phone software requires no special skills or knowledgeB.to download the spy phone software is as easy as pressing keysC.the software industry has created a do-
34、it-yourself programD.a recent software can transfer a wiretapping program to other phones(2).Which of the following is true of the “spy phone“?（分数：2.00）A.Its targets are totally unaware that they are spied.B.Its a complicated and inexpensive wireless transfer software.C.It can be downloaded to the p
35、hone for free.D.The download takes less than the time of downloading a ringtone.(3).In pointing out figures related to compromised mobiles, the author suggests that_.（分数：2.00）A.many employees hope to discover the boss dishonest secretsB.the popularity of spy-phone software results from low pricesC.l
36、aw-abiding people become the victims of spy phoneD.an unexpected number of people are being eavesdropped(4).We can learn from Paragraph 4 that Spyware_.（分数：2.00）A.is developed by law-enforcement agenciesB.might serve the devilC.enlarges the pool of potential victimsD.increases the processing power o
37、f iPhones(5).Which of the following might be the best title for the text?（分数：2.00）A.Spyware is Here and ThereB.Security Programs for PhonesC.How to Deal with Phone Spies?D.Is Your Cell Phone Spying on You?Spring is here: flowers are in bloom, birdsong fills the air, and the inboxes of employers are
38、filled with desperate pleas for summer internships. College students and graduates are well aware of the impact a desirable placement could have on their careers. With ever fewer entry-level jobs in many industries, internships have become a critical first step into employment. In America, three-qua
39、rters of students on a four-year university course will have labored as an intern at least once before graduation. Up to half of these sharp-sighted workers will have given their services free. Some may even have had to pay for the privilege of coming to work. Unpaid internships seem to be an exampl
40、e of mutual benefits: inexperienced youngsters learn something about a chosen field while employers get to farm out some unskilled work. The arrangement is consensual, and companies often use internships to test potential recruits. But the increasing popularity of these unpaid placements has caused
41、some controversy lately. Nick Clegg, Britains deputy prime minister, recently launched a campaign to ban them, arguing that they favor the wealthy and privileged. Others complain that uncompensated internships violate labor standards, exploit new employees and surely depress wages for everyone else.
42、 In America, they tend to be illegal at for-profit companies, according to guidelines set out in 1947. But the Department of Labor barely enforces such rules, in part because interns are often too afraid to file complaints. Organizations in America save $ 2 billion a year by not paying interns a min
43、imum wage, writes Ross Perlin in “Intern Nation“ , a new book about the “highly competitive race to the bottom of the corporate ladder“. Perhaps one-third of all internships at for-profit companies are unpaid, and interns now often fill roles once held by full-time employees. To avoid legal complica
44、tions, companies often encourage students to work in exchange for academic credits from their colleges. But such credits can cost hundreds or even thousands of dollars. Some colleges exempt their fees or earn them by offering guidance and supervision. For many institutions, however, they are an easy
45、 source of revenue, more beneficial to themselves than their students. Calls for new labor laws that reflect the growing prominence of internships have got nowhere. Instead, interns will have to look out for each other, for example by rating their experiences on the Internet. At any rate, students m
46、ay be encouraged by a rare bit of good news from the National Association of Colleges and Employers: employers intend to hire 19% more graduates this year than last. This should spare some from the hard boring work without pay.（分数：10.00）(1).The internships have become a key step for college students
47、 to get employed because_.（分数：2.00）A.experienced graduates will get well-paid jobsB.the internships have great influence on the universitiesC.the primary jobs in a lot of fields are decreasingD.to work as an intern can spare the school tuition(2).According to Nick Clegg, the unpaid internships are b
48、eneficial to_.（分数：2.00）A.the unskilledB.the new comersC.the old employeesD.the rich and privileged(3).What measure do the companies take to avoid legal troubles?（分数：2.00）A.They exchange internships for academic credits.B.They begin to pay the interns salaries.C.They ask the colleges for guidance and supervision.D.They only hire full-time employees.(4).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.new labor laws havent been establish
