1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 135 及答案解析(总分：136.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_The countrys inadequate mental health system gets the most attention after instan
2、ces of mass violence that the nation has seen repeatedly over the past few months. Not all who【C1】_these sorts of cruelties are mentally ill, but 【C2】_ have been. After each, the national discussion quickly, but temporarily, turns toward the mental health services that may have 【C3】_to prevent anoth
3、er attack. Mental illness usually is not as dangerous or dramatic.【C4】_23 million Americans live with mental disorder, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. Very few of these men and women are【C5】_mass-murderers; they need help for their own well-being and for that of their【C6】_. The
4、 Affordable Care Act has significantly increased insurance coverage 【C7】_ mental health care. But that may not be enough to expand 【C8】_ to insufficient mental-health-care resources. Tim Murphy has a bill that would do so. The Helping Families in Mental Health Crisis Act is more 【C9】_ than other rec
5、ent efforts to reform the system and perhaps has the brightest prospects in a divided Congress. The【C10】_would reorganize the billions the federal government pours into mental health services. It would【C11】_the way Medicaid pays for certain mental health treatments. It would fund mental health clini
6、cs that【C12】_certain medical standards. And it would【C13】_states to adopt policies that allow judges to order some severely mentally ill people to undergo treatment. Not everyone is satisfied. Some patients advocates have【C14】_Mr. Murphy s approach as coercive and【C15】_to those who need help. The go
7、vernment should not be expanding the system s capability to hospitalize or impose treatment on those【C16】_severe episodes, they say. It should instead be investing in community care that【C17】_the need for more serious treatment.【C18】_, for a small class who will not accept treatment between hospital
8、 visits or repeat arrests, they say, states have good reason to【C19】_them to accept care, under judicial supervision. Mr. Murphys reform package may not prevent the next Sandy Hook.【C20】_the changes would help relieve a lot of suffering that does not make the front page.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.
9、grantB.commitC.affordD.award(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.manyB.fewC.moreD.much(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.requestedB.demandedC.failedD.attempted(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.NeatlyB.ConsiderablyC.NearlyD.Hardly(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.inevitableB.necessaryC.certainD.potential(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.careersB.hospitalsC.schoolsD.families(7).
10、【C7】（分数：2.00）A.forB.againstC.withD.without(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.warningB.accessC.demandD.way(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.preferableB.ineffectiveC.singleD.comprehensive(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.billB.methodC.linkD.law(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.confirmB.changeC.refuseD.hold(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.haveB.makeC.meetD.accord(13).【C
11、13】（分数：2.00）A.admitB.pushC.retardD.command(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.praisedB.appreciatedC.scoldedD.condemned(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.harmfulB.beneficialC.uncertainD.considerate(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.looking intoB.taking onC.dealing withD.going through(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.heads offB.interferes withC.takes offD.
12、copes with(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.ThusB.BecauseC.HoweverD.And(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.inviteB.allowC.requireD.refute(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.AndB.ButC.ThereforeD.Besides二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：52.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questi
13、ons below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._In a sweeping change to how most of its 1,800 employees are paid, the Union Square Hospitality Group will eliminate tipping at Union Square Cafe and its 12 other restaurants by the end of next year, the companys chief executive, Danny Meyer, said on Wedn
14、esday. The move will affect New York City businesses. The first will be the Modern, inside the Museum of Modern Art, starting next month. The others will gradually follow. A small number of restaurants around the country have reduced or eliminated tipping in the last several years. Some put a surcha
15、rge on the bill, allowing the restaurants to set the pay for all their employees. Others, including Bruno Pizza, a new restaurant in the East Village, factor the cost of an hourly wage for servers into their menu prices. Union Square Hospitality Group will do the latter. The Modern will be the pilot
16、 restaurant, Mr. Meyer said, because its chef, Abram Bissell, has been agitating for higher pay to attract skilled cooks. The average hourly wage for kitchen employees at the restaurant is expected to rise to $15.25 from $11.75. Mr. Meyer said that restaurants such as his needed to stay competitive
17、as the state moved to a $15 minimum wage for fast-food workers. If cooks wages do not keep pace with the cost of living, he said, “it s not going to be sustainable to attract the culinary talent that the city needs to keep its edge.“ Mr. Meyer said he hoped to be able to raise pay for junior dining
18、room managers and for cooks, dishwashers and other kitchen workers. The wage gap is one of several issues cited by restaurateurs who have deleted the tip line from checks. Some believe it is unfair for servers pay to be affected by factors that have nothing to do with performance. A rash of class-ac
19、tion lawsuits over tipping irregularities, many of which have been settled for millions of dollars, is a mounting worry. Scott Rosenberg, an owner of Sushi Yasuda in Manhattan, said in an interview in 2013 that he had eliminated tipping so his restaurant could more closely follow the customs of Japa
20、n, where tipping is rare. He said he also hoped his customers would enjoy leaving the table without having to solve a math problem. While Drew Nieporent, who owns nine restaurants in New York City and one in London, said he doubted the average diner would accept an increase in prices. “Tipping is a
21、way of life in this country,“ he said. “It may not be the perfect system, but its our system. Its an American system.“（分数：10.00）(1).According to the first paragraph, what would happen in New York City?（分数：2.00）A.1,800 employees of the Union Square Hospitality Group will be paid as much as before.B.T
22、ips in 13 restaurants of the Union Square Hospitality Group will be removed.C.All the business will be affected by Danny Meyer s action and eliminate tipping.D.There will be a new tipping system in the Modern, inside the Museum of Modern Art.(2).By “do the latter“(Para. 2), the writer probably means
23、 Union Square Hospitality Group will_.（分数：2.00）A.reduce tipsB.decrease pricesC.explain that prices include “hospitality“D.provide blank lines for tips on checks(3).Why does Danny Meyer make the Modern be the first restaurant to eliminate tipping?（分数：2.00）A.Tips can not be distributed to its skilled
24、cooks.B.Its chef argues strongly for higher pay to attract culinary talents.C.The wages its cooks earn do not keep pace with the cost of living.D.Compensation chefs receive remains roughly the same with servers.(4).It is unfair that servers pay may be affected by EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.their serviceB.th
25、e weatherC.race and ageD.their customer s moods(5).The author s attitude towards tips elimination seems to be_.（分数：2.00）A.favorableB.skepticalC.uncertainD.objectiveOn her first morning in America, last summer, my daughter went out to explore her new neighborhoodalone, without even telling my wife or
26、 me. Of course we were worried; we had just moved from Berlin, and she was just 8. But when she came home, we realized we had no reason to panic. Beaming with pride, she told us how she had discovered the little park around the corner, and had made friends with a few local dog owners. She had taken
27、possession of her new environment, and was keen to teach us things we didn t know. When this story comes up in conversations with American friends, we are usually met with polite disbelief. Most are horrified by the idea that their children might roam around without adult supervision. A study by the
28、 University of California, Los Angeles, has found that American kids spend 90 percent of their leisure time at home. Even when kids are physically active, they are watched closely by adults. Such narrowing of the childs world has happened across the developed world. But Germany is generally much mor
29、e accepting of letting children take some risks. To this German parent, it seems that Americas middle class has taken overprotective parenting to a new level. “We are depriving them of opportunities to learn how to take control of their own lives,“ writes Peter Gray, a research professor at Boston C
30、ollege. He argues that this increases “the chance that they will suffer from anxiety, depression, and so on,“ which have gone up dramatically in recent decades. He sees risky, outside play of children among themselves without adult supervision as a way of learning to control strong emotions like ang
31、er and fear. I am no psychologist like Professor Gray, but I know I wont be around forever to protect my girl from the challenges life holds in store for her, so the earlier she develop the intellectual maturity to navigate the world, the better. And by giving kids more control over their lives, the
32、y learn to have more confidence in their own capabilities. It is hard for parents to balance the desire to protect their children against the desire to make them more self-reliant. And every one of us has to decide for himself what level of risk he is ready to accept. But parents who prefer to keep
33、their children always in sight and under their thumbs should consider what sort of trade-offs are involved in that choice.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT true about the authors daughter?（分数：2.00）A.She went out without adult supervision.B.She knew where the little park was located.C.She v
34、isited her new neighbors and made some friends.D.She had more ideas about the surroundings than the author.(2).Different from American kids, German kids_.（分数：2.00）A.are allowed to be faced with some risksB.spend about 10% of their free time at homeC.will be overprotected when moved in AmericaD.are m
35、ore self-reliant than kids in any other developed countries(3).According to Peter Gray, overprotection may lead to_.（分数：2.00）A.underlying risksB.mental disordersC.adolescent rebellionD.emotional problems(4).The authors attitude towards loosening the control over kids is_.（分数：2.00）A.confidentB.object
36、iveC.criticalD.supportive(5).The most appropriate title for this text would be_.（分数：2.00）A.The Case for Free-range ParentingB.The Drawback of Adult SupervisionC.Protection or Hands-off ManagementD.American Parenting vs. German ParentingBill Gates was 20 years old. Steve Jobs was 21. Warren Buffett w
37、as 26. Ralph Lauren was 28. Estee Lauder was 29. These now iconic names were all 20-somethings when they started their companies that would throw them, and their enterprises, into some of the biggest successes ever known. Consider this: many of the truly remarkable innovations of the latest generati
38、ona list that includes Google, Face-book and Twitterwere all founded by people under 30. The number of people in their mid-20s disrupting entire industries, taking on jobs usually reserved for people twice their age and doing it in the glare of millions of social media “followers“ seems to be growin
39、g very rapidly. So what is it about that youthful decade after those awkward teenage years that inspires such shoot-for-the-moon success? Does age really have something to do with it? It does. Young people bring fresh eyes to confronting problems and challenges that others have given up on. 20-somet
40、hing entrepreneurs see no boundaries and see no limits. And they can make change happen. Peter Thiel, the co-founder of PayPal, has another, colder theory that may explain it: Ultimately, it s about money. In other words, it s the young people who have nothing to lose, with no mortgage and, frankly,
41、 with nothing to do on a Friday night except work, who are the ones often willing to take the biggest risks. Sure, they are talented. But its their persistence and zeal, the desire to stay up until 6 a.m. chugging Red Bull, that is the difference between being a salaried employee and an entrepreneur
42、. Thats not to say that most 20-somethings are finding success. Theyre not. The latest crop of liber-successful young entrepreneurs, designers and authors are far, far from the norm. In truth, unemployment for workers age 16 to 24 is double the national average. One of the biggest challenges facing
43、this next generationand one that may prevent more visionary entrepreneurs from succeedingis the staggering rise in the level of debt college students have been left with. If Peter Thiel s theory is right, it is going to be harder and harder for young people to take big risks because they will be cru
44、shed with obligations before they even begin. If youre over 29 years old and still havent made your world-changing mark, dont despair. Some older people have had big breakthroughs, too. Thomas Edison didnt invent the phonograph until he was 30.（分数：10.00）(1).The first paragraph is used to show_.（分数：2
45、.00）A.various famous menB.the age of foundersC.the success of enterprisesD.the success of 20-somethings(2).Which of the following statements cannot explain the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3?（分数：2.00）A.20-something entrepreneurs can drive change.B.20-something entrepreneurs have new perspectives
46、.C.20-something entrepreneurs do not need to worry about money.D.20-something entrepreneurs believe there is no obstacle that they cant hurdle.(3).All of the following are differences between being salaried employees and entrepreneurs EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.their zealB.their talentC.their persistenceD.t
47、heir desire to stay up(4).The biggest challenge that may stop more visionary entrepreneurs from succeeding is that_.（分数：2.00）A.they are confronted with increasing obligationsB.their debts run up alarmingly and very unsteadilyC.they have more mortgage than other college studentsD.they have far less w
48、ealth than their parents did at the same age(5).With regard to 20-somethings success, we can learn from the text that_.（分数：2.00）A.they succeed because of having moneyB.older people can hardly make breakthroughsC.it is uncommon among most young peopleD.it is common in the field of information science and technologyWomen have been driving yellow cabs in New York since the 1940s, but 99% of drivers are male. Even among drivers of cars booked b
