1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 130 及答案解析(总分：136.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_As I type these lines, my daughter, Harriet, who is 14, is on her iPhone skipping
2、 among no fewer than eight social media sites. My son, Penn, who is 15, will be asleep for hours yet. He was 【C1】_ all night with a friend playing two video games, in a jag fueled by his favorite foodlike【C2】_. I like that my kids are comfortable and alert in the wired world. But increasingly I am 【
3、C3】_ for them. Its more 【C4】_ every day that screens have gradually stolen them from themselves. My wife, Cree, and I have 【C5】_ them to drift quite distantly into the online world, and we fear our casualness has been a【C6】_. Each summer Cree and I resolve to 【C7】_ things back. This is 【C8】_ we draf
4、t rules for a new school year, strictures like: no laptops in bedrooms during the week; homework before screen time; no electronics after 10 p.m These rules invariably begin to 【C9】_ by Day 3. By Day 4, there is pleading, and the discreet slamming of doors. By Day 8, no one is sure what the【C10】_are
5、 anymore. Were back where we started, and plump with fear. This year it【C11】_to me we needed help. So I sat down with a new book that【C12】_assistance, and understanding. It is The Big Disconnect: Protecting Childhood and Family Relationships in the Digital Age, whose primary【C13】_, Catherine Steiner
6、-Adair, is a clinical psychologist who teaches at Harvard Medical School. Her book is【C14】_on thousands of interviews, and it can be eloquent about the need to ration our children s computer time. Here the author has pinned me. I like to think I m a good father, perhaps even casually【C15】_in my bett
7、er moments,【C16】_there is zero doubt that, without my iPhone in my palm, I feel I lose something since Im fairly【C17】_. I must change my life a bit. Cree and I are still hammering out our kids computer rules. We are trying to【C18】_in mind that we re not our kids best friends; we re their【C19】_. And
8、we are【C20】_if there s an app for fortitude.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.outB.awakenC.awayD.up(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.objectsB.substancesC.thingsD.materials(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.disappointedB.satisfiedC.terrifiedD.worried(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.commonB.seriousC.negativeD.apparent(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.stoppedB.allow
9、edC.suggestedD.admitted(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.habitB.failureC.fortuneD.disaster(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.reinB.payC.returnD.keep(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.whenB.whatC.whereD.because(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.workB.pauseC.ceaseD.crack(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.electronicsB.punishmentsC.rulesD.concerns(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.occurredB.t
10、ookC.leftD.seemed(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.appliesB.relatesC.offersD.features(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.characterB.authorC.partnerD.editor(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.writtenB.identifiedC.basedD.put(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.inferiorB.superbC.niceD.playful(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.andB.besidesC.butD.as(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.confus
11、edB.regretableC.lonelyD.obsessive(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.putB.rememberC.stayD.keep(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.relativesB.parentsC.companionsD.enemies(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.wonderingB.thinkingC.guessingD.hoping二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：52.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the
12、following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._What would make a smoker more likely to quit, a big reward for succeeding or a little penalty for failing? That is what researchers wanted to know when they assigned a large group of CVS employees(CVS Caremark is th
13、e countrys largest drugstore chain by sales), their relatives and friends to different smoking cessation programs. “Adding a bit of a stick was much better than a pure carrot. These large employers are spending an average of $800 to $900 per employee per year, but in ways that are often blind to nor
14、mal human psychology“ said Dr. Scott Halpern, who led the study. The trial was intended to change that. Researchers randomly assigned the participants to a number of program options and let them decide whether they wanted to participate. The penalty program required participants to deposit $150; six
15、 months later, those who had quit smoking would get the deposit back, along with a $650 reward. In the reward-only program, participants were simply offered an $800 payment if they stayed off cigarettes for six months. The trial, which was described in The New England Journal of Medicine on Wednesda
16、y, was the largest yet to test whether offering people financial incentives could lead to better health. Researchers found that offering incentives was far more effective in getting people to stop smoking than the traditional approach of giving free smoking cessation help, such as counseling or nico
17、tine replacement therapy like gum, medication or patches. But they also found that requiring a $150 deposit that would be lost if the person failed to stay off cigarettes for six months nearly doubled the chances of success. “This is an original set of findings,“ said Cass R. Sunstein, a Harvard law
18、 professor who helped develop some influential ideas in the field of behavioral economics, notably that if the social environment can be changedfor example, by posting simple warningspeople can be nudged into better behavior. “They could be applied to many health issues, like alcoholism, or whenever
19、 people face serious self-control problems.“ Over all, success eluded most of the study participants. More than 80 percent of smokers in the most popular pure rewards group were still smoking at the end of the study. Even so, researchers say, their success rate was far greater than for those who got
20、 the traditional treatment. Smoking is the largest cause of preventable death in the United States. Diseases linked to it kill more than 480,000 Americans a year. And even a small decline could have a big health effect.（分数：10.00）(1).The underlined word “that“ in Paragraph 2 refers to the situation t
21、hat_.（分数：2.00）A.using a carrot is worse than using a stickB.the spending on physical examination is lessC.employers ignore normal human psychology of their staffD.large companies put too much money in their employees(2).Researchers found that the most effective smoking cessation approach was to_.（分数
22、：2.00）A.provide incentivesB.give penalty for failingC.offer consultation servicesD.provide nicotine replacement therapy(3).According to Cass R. Sunstein, the findings of the study can be used in the following fields EXCEPT the field of_.（分数：2.00）A.warningsB.alcoholismC.health problemsD.self-control
23、issues(4).It is implied from the last paragraph that offering financial incentives in the study_.（分数：2.00）A.could get the highest success rateB.changed 20 percent of smokersC.might bring public health benefitsD.made most participants quit smoking(5).The most appropriate title for this passage would
24、be_.（分数：2.00）A.Can Carrot or Stick Better Help Smokers Quit?B.Is Smoking Cessation Programs Effective in CVS?C.Is Pure Rewards Group more Popular than Part Penalty Group?D.Can Traditional Smoking Cessation Treatment Lead to Better Health?When it comes to Barbie s body, it will no longer be one size
25、fits all. On Thursday, Mattel unveiled curvy, petite and tall versions of its iconic fashion doll whose unrealistically thin shape has attracted criticism for decades. The three body types will also be sold in an assortment of skin tones, eye colors and hairstyles. The move is about more than just m
26、aking Barbie look different. While Barbie was once Mattels powerhouse brand, sales have plummeted in recent years as the doll has struggled to remain relevant to little girls who do not look like her and who play with toys other than dolls. “This is about drawing a wider demographic that had turned
27、away from Barbie back to Barbie,“ said Jim Silver, the editor of a toy review website. But some industry experts and academics have long doubted that cosmetic changeswhether racial or body shapescan revive the popularity of the 57-year-old Barbie, whose sales have been declining by double-digits in
28、recent years. Executives have been optimistic, pointing to signs that Barbie s in-store sales began picking up last year. The slumping sales may also be partly attributed to the shift away from traditional toys toward electronics and games in recent years, as many parents and children have clamored
29、for less gender-specific toys. Even Lego, the world s top toymaker, has had to alter its strategy and some of its building block lines to accommodate the growth in the market for learning toys that appeal to boys and girls. Faced with weakening sales in its core brands like Barbie, and criticism tha
30、t it was too slow to pick up on trends, Mattel has undertaken a number of efforts to improve innovation. Barbie s new shapes also coincide with a progressive cultural shift already underway in stores and the toy aisles. Parents and many health experts have complained that too many dolls, models and
31、even clothing companies conform to an extremely thin, even anorexic, body type and have pressured corporations to offer a broader variety of images and apparel sizes to give girls and boys more confidence in their own body shapes. And some parents, concerned about negative gender stereotypes(a racec
32、ar for a son, a princess doll for a daughter), have pushed retailers into more gender-neutral territory. The Disney Store, for example, decided to label all of its childrens Halloween costumes as “for kids,“ as opposed to for boys or girls. Amazon, which by some measures accounts for more than half
33、of all online sales, has banished gender distinctions for its toys.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Jim Silver, Barbie adds curvy, petite and tall to body shapes in order to_.（分数：2.00）A.make Barbie look different in skin tones, eye colors and hairstylesB.cater to girls who do not look like Barbie and who
34、play with other toysC.let a wider range of people who lose interest in Barbie like Barbie againD.let more people from different countries who have never known Barbie love Barbie(2).What do some industry experts and academics think of Barbies change?（分数：2.00）A.It s too old for Barbie to vary its race
35、 and body shapes.B.The change of makeup may not make Barbie popular again.C.Barbie can not be in accordance with customer preferences.D.Barbie can represent more girls with different racial and body shapes.(3).Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 4?（分数：2.00）A.Electronics and games t
36、end to be less gender-specific.B.Lego will offer girls more career-oriented toys.C.Lego will shift all of its energies to producing learning toys.D.Mattel is not good at using new technology and innovative approach.(4).According to the passage, parents and many health experts_.（分数：2.00）A.complain th
37、at there are too many dolls and modelsB.think that an extremely thin body type is comfortableC.force clothing company to bring pressure to other corporationsD.hope that children are more confident of their own body shapes(5).The introduction of Disney and Amazon helps to illustrate that_.（分数：2.00）A.
38、they try to help kids build self-confidenceB.there is no basis for some parents concernsC.they reject the negative gender stereotypes from the startD.there are some clothes and toys that are less gender-specific in retail storesJust as each wedding creates potential business for divorce lawyers, so
39、each engagement gives insurers a chance to drum up business. Future spouses, says Alan Tuvin of Travelers, an insurer, may wish to protect themselves against something going wrong on the wedding day. It is unlikely that your intended wife will leave on horseback, as Julia Roberts did in “Runaway Bri
40、de“, and most insurers wouldn t cover that anyway. But you never know what might happen. Mr. Tuvin launched the firm s wedding-insurance business; he and his wife were its first clients. A typical American wedding costs 25,000 or so. This has fallen a bit over the past quarter-century but still seem
41、s lavish given how tight American belts are these days. Weddings are pricey because the rich are more likely to marry than the poor, and the average age of newlyweds has gone up, so couples are more prosperous when they eventually tie the knot. High prices, and the fact that many venues require coup
42、les to take out liability insurance, feed demand for wedding insurance. A fifth of couples buy it, says the Wedding Report, a trade publication. Wedding insurance began in Britain: Cornhill, an insurer, wrote its first policy in 1988. But there were few takers. The idea only took off once transplant
43、ed to America. In the early days, says Mr. Nuccio of Robert Nuccio of Wedsure, an surer, there were incidents of couples faking engagements to collect a payout. Since then, most policies have a clause that excludes “change of heart“. Wedsure does insure against cold feet, but its policy will pay out
44、 only if the wedding is cancelled more than 12 months before it is due to take place, thereby guarding against fiances phoning the broker once the relationship is already on the rocks. This does not mean policies are useless. Common causes of payouts include the venue or caterers going bust after ha
45、ving taken a big deposit. Extreme weather, a spouse being deployed by the armed forces and an absent priest can all trigger payouts. Most policies will pay to re-stage the photos if the photographer fails to turn up or disappears with the pictures. For some, even a small risk of something going wron
46、g on a day that has been planned for months is worth paying to avoid. Who says romance is dead?（分数：10.00）(1).The example of Julia Roberts is used to show that_.（分数：2.00）A.anything can happen on the wedding dayB.each engagement gives insurers a chance to profitC.suddenness like that is easy to happen
47、 during the weddingD.most wedding insurers will cover things like that(2).Which of the following cannot explain the development of wedding insurance?（分数：2.00）A.Higher prices of weddings.B.More liability insurance required.C.The newlyweds getting older.D.More demand for wedding insurance.(3).Wedsure
48、s policy against cold feet will pay out on condition that _.（分数：2.00）A.the fiances are due to break upB.the fiances relationship is already on the rocksC.the wedding is cancelled when it is due to take placeD.the wedding is cancelled more than one year in advance(4).Common causes of payouts exclude that_.（分数：2.00）A.caterers go bankruptB.a spouse changes the heartC.the priest is not presentD.the photographer vanishes(5).The author s attitude towards
