1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 129 及答案解析(总分：136.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_If I ask you what constitutes “bad“ eating, the kind that leads to obesity and a
2、variety of connected diseases, youre likely to answer, “Salt, fat and sugar.“ Yet that s not a(n) 【C1】_answer. We dont know everything about the dietary 【C2】_ to chronic disease, but the best-qualified people argue that real food is more likely to promote health and less likely to cause disease than
3、 hyper-processed food. And we can further【C3】_that message: Minimally processed foodReal Food should 【C4】_ our diets. Real food solves the salt / fat / sugar problem. Yes, excess salt may cause high blood pressure, and 【C5】_ sodium intake in people with high blood pressure helps.【C6】_salt is only on
4、e of several risk factors in developing high blood pressure, and those who eat a diverse diet and few processed foods need not【C7】_about salt intake. “Fat“ is a complicated topic. Most naturally occurring fats are probably essential, but too much of some fats seems【C8】_. Eat real food【C9】_your fat i
5、ntake will probably be fine. “Sugar“ has come to 【C10】_the entire group of processed, nutritionally worthless caloric sweeteners. All appear to be damaging because theyre added sugars, as 【C11】_to naturally occurring ones.【C12】_: Sugar is not the only enemy. The enemy is hyper-processed food,【C13】_s
6、ugar. We know that eating real food is a general solution, but a large part of our dietary problems might【C14】_from the consumption of caloric sweeteners and / or hyper-processed carbohydrate. For example, how to limit the intake of sugar? A soda tax is a(n)【C15】_, proper labeling would be helpful,
7、andquite possibly most important,【C16】_it s going to take us a generation or two to get out of this messrestrictions【C17】_marketing sweet “food“ to children. Theres no reason to 【C18】_ action on those kinds of moves. But lets get the science straight so that firm,【C19】_, sound recommendations can be
8、 made【C20】_the best possible evidence. And meanwhile, lets also get the simple message straight: Its “Eat Real Food.“（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.possibleB.adequateC.familiarD.insufficient(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.joinsB.controlC.linksD.integrations(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.refineB.inferC.updateD.shorten(4).【C4】（
9、分数：2.00）A.decideB.replaceC.changeD.dominate(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.loweringB.balancingC.increasingD.stopping(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.IndeedB.StillC.UnlessD.But(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.thinkB.complainC.askD.worry(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.meaningfulB.harmfulC.stressfulD.helpful(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.soB.orC.andD.if(10).【C10】（分数：
10、2.00）A.revealB.representC.reserveD.release(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.similarB.averseC.opposedD.objected(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.In sumB.As a resultC.For instanceD.What s more(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.includingB.exceptC.excludingD.like(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.dateB.differC.refrainD.stem(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.endB.startC.
11、exceptionD.warning(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.althoughB.whenC.whileD.because(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.toB.onC.forD.in(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.delayB.takeC.abandonD.give(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.convincingB.inspiringC.interestingD.exciting(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.because ofB.based onC.connected withD.thanks to二、Reading Compr
12、ehensio(总题数：10，分数：52.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Like a tired marriage, the relationship between libraries and publishers has long been reassuringly dull. E-books, however, are
13、 causing heartache. Libraries know they need digital wares if they are to remain valuable, but many publishers are too wary of piracy and lost sales to co-operate. A-mong the big six, only Random House and HarperCollins license e-books with most libraries. The others have either denied requests or a
14、re reluctantly experimenting. In August, for example, Penguin will start a pilot with public libraries in New York. Electronic borrowing is awfully convenient. Unlike printed books, which must be checked out and returned to a physical library miles from where you live, electronic book files can be d
15、ownloaded at home. Digital library catalogues are often browsed at night, from a comfy sofa. The files disappear from the device when they are due(which means no late fees, nor angst about lost or damaged tomes). E-lending is not simple, however. There are lots of different and often incompatible e-
16、book formats, devices and licences. Most libraries use a company called OverDrive, a global distributor that secures rights from publishers and provides e-books and audio files in every format. Some 35 million titles were checked out through OverDrive in 2011, and the company now sends useful data o
17、n borrowing behavior to participating publishers. Yet publishers and libraries are worried by Over-Drive s market dominance, as the company can increasingly dictate fees and conditions. Publishers were miffed when OverDrive teamed up with Amazon, the world s biggest online bookseller, last year. Own
18、ers of Amazon s Kindle e-reader who want to borrow e-books from libraries are now redirected to Amazon s website, where they must use their Amazon account to secure a loan. Amazon then follows up with library patrons directly, letting them know they can “Buy this book“ when the loan falls due. So pu
19、blishers keep tweaking their lending arrangements in search of the right balance. Random House raised its licensing prices earlier this year, and HarperCollins limits libraries to lending its titles 26 times. Penguin plans to keep new releases out of libraries for at least six months, and each book
20、will expire after a year. Hachette is engaged in some secret experiments, and the others are watching with bated breath. In Britain the government will soon announce a review of the matter. The story of the library e-book is a nail-biter.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the first paragraph, which of the f
21、ollowing is true?（分数：2.00）A.E-books make the relationship between libraries and publishers boring.B.Book digitization is certain to cause piracy and lost sales.C.Random House and HarperCollins are not willing to co-operate.D.Penguin is reluctantly experimenting.(2).We can learn from the passage that
22、 printed books_.（分数：2.00）A.can save you a considerable amount of timeB.cannot be browsed at night, from a comfy sofaC.may produce late fee as they expireD.won t be lost or broken especially great works(3).OverDrives market dominance makes publishers and libraries feel anxious because_.（分数：2.00）A.Ove
23、rDrive protects rights from publishersB.OverDrive offers e-books and audio filesC.OverDrive borrows useful data and sends themD.OverDrive raises licensing prices and conditions(4).Judging from the context, the word “miffed“(Para. 4)most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.excitedB.annoyedC.worriedD.delighted
24、(5).The introduction of Random House, HarperCollins, Penguin, Hachette in the last paragraph is to_.（分数：2.00）A.find the most appropriate balanceB.adjust their lending arrangementsC.contribute to the Britain governmentD.show the story of the library e-bookIn a famous lab trial, a chimp named Sultan p
25、ut two interlocking sticks together and pulled down a bunch of bananas hanging just out of arms reach. Nearly a century later, eager tourists have conducted their own version of the experiment. Equipped with the camera extender known as a selfie stick, they can now reach for flattering CinemaScope s
26、elfies wherever they go. Art museums have watched this development nervously, fearing damage to their collections or to visitors, as users swing their sticks. Now they are taking action. One by one, museums across the United States have been imposing bans on using selfie sticks for photographs insid
27、e galleries(adding them to existing rules on umbrellas, rucksacks, tripods and monopods), yet another example of how controlling overcrowding has become part of the museum mission. The Hirshhorn Museum in Washington prohibited the sticks this month, and the Museum of Fine Arts in Houston plans to im
28、pose a ban. In New York, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, which has been studying the matter for some time, has just decided that it, too, will forbid selfie sticks. “From now on, you will be asked quietly to put it away,“ said Sree Sreenivasan, the chief digital officer at the Metropolitan Museum of
29、 Art. “It s one thing to take a picture at arm s length, but when it is three times arm s length, you are invading someone else s personal space.“ The personal space of other visitors is just one problem. The artwork is another. “We do not want to have to put all the art under glass,“ said Deborah Z
30、iska, the chief of public information at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, which has been quietly enforcing a ban on selfie sticks but is in the process of adding it formally to its printed guidelines for visitors. Last but not least is the threat to the camera operator, intent on capturing
31、 the perfect shot and oblivious to the surroundings. “If people are not paying attention in the Temple of Dendur, they can end up in the water with the crocodile sculpture,“ Mr. Sreenivasan said. “We have so many balconies you could fall from, and stairs you can trip on.“（分数：10.00）(1).In the first p
32、aragraph, the author suggests that_.（分数：2.00）A.Sultan is as smart as human beingsB.tourists are easy to indulge in self-pityC.nowadays people use selfie sticks to get things out of reachD.camera extenders are useful to people as interlocking sticks to Sultan(2).Recently, the newly-added items that a
33、re banned by museums in the US are_.（分数：2.00）A.backpacksB.umbrellasC.selfie sticksD.supporting equipment for cameras(3).That US museums impose bans on using selfie sticks reveals that_.（分数：2.00）A.visitors are overcrowded in museumsB.existing rules don t workC.museums are taking actionD.people like t
34、o wave the sticks(4).According to Sree Sreenivasan, when selfie-stick users take pictures, they_.（分数：2.00）A.should keep quietB.may be easily distractedC.cannot stretch arms three timesD.capture the shots of balconies and stairs(5).Selfie sticks have been banned in case of all the following problems
35、EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.invasion of personal spaceB.damage to the artworkC.waste of printed guidelinesD.danger to camera usersRobots have been the stuff of science fiction for so long that it is surprisingly hard to see them as the stuff of management fact. It is time for management thinkers to catch up
36、with science-fiction writers. Robots have been doing menial jobs on production lines since the 1960s. The world already has more than 1 million industrial robots. There is now an acceleration in the rates at which they are becoming both cleverer and cheaper: an explosive combination. Robots are lear
37、ning to interact with the world around them. Their ability to see things is getting ever closer to that of humans, as is their capacity to ingest information and act on it. Tomorrows robots will increasingly take on delicate, complex tasks. And instead of being imprisoned in cages to stop them colli
38、ding with people and machines, they will be free to wander. Until now executives have largely ignored robots, regarding them as an engineering rather than a management problem. This cannot go on: robots are becoming too powerful and ubiquitous . Companies certainly need to rethink their human-resour
39、ces policiesstarting by questioning whether they should have departments devoted to purely human resources. The first issue is how to manage the robots themselves. An American writer, Isaac Asimov laid down the basic rule in 1942: no robot should harm a human. This rule has been reinforced by recent
40、 technological improvements: robots are now much more sensitive to their surroundings and can be instructed to avoid hitting people. A second question is how to manage the homo side of homo-robo relations. Workers have always worried that new technologies will take away their livelihoods, ever since
41、 the original Luddites fears about mechanised looms. Now, the arrival of increasingly humanoid automatons in workplaces, in an era of high unemployment, is bound to provoke a reaction. Two principlesdont let robots hurt or frighten peopleare relatively simple. Robot scientists are tackling more comp
42、licated problems as robots become more sophisticated. They are keen to avoid hierarchies among rescue-robots(because the loss of the leader would render the rest redundant). They are keen to avoid duplication between robots and their human handlers. This suggests that the world could be on the verge
43、 of a great management revolution: making robots behave like humans rather than the 20th centurys preferred option, making humans behave like robots.（分数：10.00）(1).The second sentence implies that management thinkers should_.（分数：2.00）A.turn robots into superheroes and supervillainsB.give robots names
44、 such as the TerminatorC.ponder more about homo-robo relationsD.create more robots with super power(2).Which of the following statements is true about robots?（分数：2.00）A.They will be free and colliding with people and machines.B.They deliver information by acting like a human being.C.Their eyesight i
45、s becoming closer to men s.D.They will do sophisticated jobs.(3).The word “ubiquitous“(Para. 3)probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.numerousB.pervasiveC.intelligentD.complicated(4).To deal with the second problem, companies may not_.（分数：2.00）A.show employees that the robot sitting alongside them is a complete
46、 helpmateB.explain that robots can help preserve manufacturing jobs in the rich worldC.persuade workers that robots are productivity-enhancersD.tell workers that robots are not just job-eating aliens(5).From the passage we can see that the author thinks homo-robo relations_.（分数：2.00）A.are intrusiveB
47、.render worriesC.become sentientD.require specificationsIf you watched a certain swimmers Rio Games debut on Sunday night, when he propelled the United States 4100-meter relay team to a gold medal, you know the answer: Michael Phelps. While it may look like the athletes have been in a bar fight, the
48、 purple dots actually are signs of “cupping,“ an ancient Chinese healing practice that is experiencing an Olympic moment. In cupping, practitioners of the healing techniqueor sometimes the athletes themselves place specialized cups on the skin. Then they use either heat or an air pump to create suction between the cup and the skin, pulling the skin slightly up and away from the underlying muscles. The suction typically lasts for onl
