1、考研英语（二）-试卷 97 及答案解析(总分：136.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Amazon today unveiled Dash Buttons, an easy way for customers to【C1】_ select bulk g
2、oods【C2】_ an internet-connected button, and yesterday【C3】_ Home Services, an on-demand installation and handyman service. Combined, they show that the e-commerce giant has a clear understanding of how the Internet-of-things will【C4】_ its business. And it isnt going to be shy about capitalizing on co
3、nnectivity to build its bottom line. Dash Buttons are an adaptation of Amazons【C5】_ -controlled Dash ordering system that lets people speak to order new【C6】_ items. So【C7】_ Amazon has is a retrofit strategy for connecting smart appliances to its e-commerce operations and a future-facing strategy for
4、 the coming flood of【C8】_ devices. And all of this is geared around making buying products from Amazon as easy as possible. The【C9】_ of one-button tasks are appealing,【C10】_ it could lead to a【C11】_ of packages ending up at peoples doors if Amazon doesnt try to【C12】_ waste on its end, by grouping sh
5、ipments together when possible. People on Twitter seem mostly【C13】_ about pets and small children playing with the Dash Buttons and ordering multiples of their Kraft Macaroni and Cheese boxes, although Amazon notes that【C14】_ the button is pressed more than once, the order doesnt go【C15】_ on the sec
6、ond time, and youll get a smartphone notification about it. Amazon also recently launched Home Services, following up on last years opening of a home automation e-store devoted to connected gadgets for the homemany of which require a【C16】_ installer. So now Amazon can sell these devices along with t
7、he person who can install them. It also is【C17】_ on maintenance, via a network of service providers that it can call【C18】_ for its network of suppliers or for its own planned connected home play. With Dash, its【C19】_ an offensive play to【C20】_ up more sales as devices come online. With Amazon Home S
8、ervices, its making a defensive play as other large companies try to become more vertically integrated.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.chooseB.buyC.orderD.get(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.viaB.onC.aroundD.at(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.publishedB.launchedC.announcedD.released(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.benefitB.influenceC.harmD.thr
9、eaten(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.numeralB.soundC.gestureD.voice(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.foodB.groceryC.digitD.automation(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.connectedB.personalC.automaticD.electronic(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.uncertaintyB.complexityC.creativityD.simplicity(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.andB.
10、soC.althoughD.because(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.pileB.messC.packD.group(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.minimizeB.decreaseC.stopD.control(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.carefulB.curiousC.concernedD.sympathetic(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.whenB.thoughC.unlessD.if(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.downB.throughC.offD.out(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.profession
11、alB.specialC.specificD.amateur(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.attendingB.emphasizingC.focusingD.commenting(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.atB.forC.inD.on(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.applyingB.makingC.takingD.getting(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.riseB.makeC.ringD.put二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：52.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension
12、_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._After decades of worsening diets and sharp increases in obesity, Americans eating habits have begun changing for the better. Calories consumed daily by the typical American adult, which
13、 peaked around 2003, are in the midst of their first sustained decline since federal statistics began to track the subject, more than 40 years ago. The declines cut across most major demographic groupsincluding higher- and lower-income families, and blacks and whitesthough they vary somewhat by grou
14、p. In the most striking shift, the amount of full-calorie soda drunk by the average American has dropped 25 percent since the late 1990s. As calorie consumption has declined, obesity rates appear to have stopped rising for adults and school-aged children and have come down for the youngest children,
15、 suggesting the calorie reductions are making a difference. The reversal appears to stem from peoples growing realization that they were harming their health by eating and drinking too much. The awareness began to build in the late 1990s, thanks to a burst of scientific research about the costs of o
16、besity, and to public health campaigns in recent years. The encouraging data does not mean an end to the obesity epidemic: More than a third of American adults are still considered obese, putting them at increased risk of diabetes, heart disease and cancer. Americans are still eating far too few fru
17、its and vegetables and far too much junk food, even if they are eating somewhat less of it, experts say. But the changes in eating habits suggest that what once seemed an inexorable decline in health may finally be changing course. Since the mid-1970s, when American eating habits began to rapidly ch
18、ange, calorie consumption had been on a near-steady incline. Barry Popkin, a University of North Carolina professor who has studied food data extensively, described the development as a “turning point“. There is no perfect way to measure American calorie consumption. But three large sources of data
19、about diet all point in the same direction. Detailed daily food diaries tracked by government researchers, data from food bar codes and estimates of food production all show reductions in the calories consumed by the average American since the early 2000s. Those signals, along with the flattening of
20、 the national obesity rate, have convinced many public health researchers that the changes are meaningful.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT true according to the first two paragraphs?（分数：2.00）A.American adults consumption of calories has begun to decline.B.The decline trend appeared in bot
21、h higher- and lower-income families.C.The amount of full-calorie soda drunk by the average American has declined.D.The calorie reduction is the main reason for the decline of obesity rates.(2).The reversal appeared among Americans because_.（分数：2.00）A.the growth of American populationB.the realizatio
22、n of the harmfulness brought by bad eating habitsC.the large amount of scientific researchD.the public health campaigns in recent years(3).Which of the disease is NOT related to obesity?（分数：2.00）A.Malaria.B.Diabetes.C.Heart disease.D.Cancer.(4).What can we know from the changes of eating habits?（分数：
23、2.00）A.the calorie consumption begun to decline.B.the inexorable decline in health may be changed.C.the development trend is unpredictable.D.the researchers begun to pay attention to people s health problems.(5).What can convince many public health researchers that the changes are meaningful?（分数：2.0
24、0）A.many signals and the flat growth of national obesity rate.B.the governments experiments.C.the researcher s study.D.the changes of eating habits.“Is it a vital interest of the state to have more anthropologists?“ Rick Scott, the Florida governor, once asked. A leader of a prominent Internet compa
25、ny once told me that the firm regards admission to Harvard as a useful proof of talent, but a college education itself as useless. Parents and students themselves are acting on these principles, retreating from the humanities. Ive been thinking about this after reading Fareed Zakarias smart new book
26、, In Defense of a Liberal Education. Like Mr. Zakaria, I think that the liberal arts teach critical thinking. So, to answer the skeptics, here are my three reasons the humanities enrich our souls and sometimes even our pocketbooks as well. First, liberal arts equip students with communications and i
27、nterpersonal skills that are valuable and genuinely rewarded in the labour force, especially when accompanied by technical abilities. “A broad liberal arts education is a key pathway to success in the 21st-century economy,“ says Lawrence Katz, a labour economist at Harvard. Professor Katz says that
28、the economic return to pure technical skills has flattened, and the highest return now goes to those who combine soft skillsexcellence at communicating and working with peoplewith technical skills. My second reason: We need people conversant with the humanities to help reach wise public policy decis
29、ions, even about the sciences. Technology companies must constantly weigh ethical decisions. To weigh these issues, regulators should be informed by first-rate science, but also by first-rate humanism. When the Presidents Council on Bioethics issued its report in 2002, “Human Cloning and Human Digni
30、ty,“ it depends upon the humanities to shape judgments about ethics, limits and values. Third, wherever our careers lie, much of our happiness depends upon our interactions with those around us, and theres some evidence that literature nurtures a richer emotional intelligence. Science magazine publi
31、shed five studies indicating that research subjects who read literary fiction did better at assessing the feelings of a person in a photo than those who read nonfiction or popular fiction. Literature seems to offer lessons in human nature that help us decode the world around us and be better friends
32、. Literature also builds bridges of understanding. In short, it makes eminent sense to study coding and statistics today, but also history and literature.（分数：10.00）(1).What is implied in the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Parents may encourage their children to major in anthropology.B.The humanities in
33、Harvard are not popular among parents and students.C.The leader of an Internet company values Harvard education itself most.D.Rick Scott may think anthropologists arent key interests of the state.(2).Lawrence Katz holds that broad liberal arts_.（分数：2.00）A.are enough for you to succeedB.can enrich yo
34、ur wallets in economyC.achieve balance between communicating value and soft skillsD.maximize your potential when coupled with technical skills(3).Which of the following cannot be used as the example of the second sentence in Paragraph 4?（分数：2.00）A.Should Youtube change its web page?B.Where should Fa
35、cebook set its privacy?C.How should Google handle sex and violence articles?D.Should Twitter close accounts that seem sympathetic to terrorists?(4).According to the Science magazine, compared with people reading literary fiction, those reading nonfiction_.（分数：2.00）A.evaluate the work more difficulty
36、B.decode the emotional state poorlyC.have richer emotional intelligenceD.recognize the portrait more easily(5).On the whole, the reasons that the humanities enrich our spiritual life include all the following EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.they are useful for improving emotional intelligenceB.they are essentia
37、l to the wise decisions of an organizationC.they link the soft skills with technical skills in the labour forceD.they benefit students in communications and interpersonal skillsMuch of continental Europe is in poor shape. True, the aggregate wealth of people is little changed and the social capital
38、in museums, parks and other amenities is still intact. Yet, in the western part, the economy is failing society. Inclusion of ethnic minorities and youth in the economy is more lacking than ever. Among those who do participate, fewer are prospering. It is a measure of the decline that, in almost eve
39、ry country, the growth of wage rates has steadily slowed since 1995. What has gone wrong? European economists speak of a loss of competitiveness in southern Europe. They suggest that output and employment are down, relative to the past trend, because wages leapt ahead of productivity, making labour
40、too expensive and forcing employers to cut back. Taking this perspective, some German economists argue that wages need to fall in the affected economies. Others argue instead for monetary stimulusfor instance, asset purchases by central banksto raise prices and make current wage rates affordable. Ec
41、onomists of a classical bent lay a large part of the decline of employment, and thus lagging output, to a contraction of labour supply. And they lay that contraction largely to outbreaks of fiscal profligacyas happened in Europe from the mid-1990s to the mid-2000s. Disciples of Keynes, who focus on
42、aggregate demand, view any increase in household wealth as raising employment because they say it adds to consumer demand. They say Europe needs a lot more fiscal “profligacy“ if it is to bring unemployment down. Some evidence favours the classics. Yet both sides of this debate miss the critical for
43、ce at work. The main cause of Europes deep fallthe losses of inclusion, job satisfaction and wage growthis the devastating slowdown of productivity that began in the late 1990s and struck large swathes of the continent. It holds down the growth of wages rates and it depresses employment. That slowdo
44、wn resulted from narrowing innovation. Even in the postwar years, innovation in Europe was feeble by past standards. In the aftermath of the financial crisis, much of Europe is still suffering a slump on top of its post-1990s fall. The slump will pass but the fall will not be easily overcome. The co
45、ntinent is losing its best talent. It needs to fight for an economic life worth living.（分数：10.00）(1).That the growth of wage rates has steadily slowed indicates that_.（分数：2.00）A.less and less ethnic minorities and youth participate in the economyB.the economy in Europe is on the declineC.the wages i
46、n Europe are lowD.the prospering participants in the economy are declining(2).In European economists opinion, southern Europe lose competitiveness because_.（分数：2.00）A.the output and employment are losing balanceB.the wages in affected economies are too lowC.the increase of wages goes beyond that of
47、productivityD.monetary stimulus cant make current wage rates affordable(3).Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraph 3?（分数：2.00）A.The outbreaks of fiscal profligacy are regarded as the cause of labour-supplys contraction.B.Disciples of Keynes attach more importance to aggregate deman
48、d.C.More fiscal “profligacy“ is helpful to bring unemployment down.D.There is no evidence to support the opinions of classics.(4).The critical factor of Europe s deep fall neglected by both sides of the debate is_.（分数：2.00）A.the rapid slowdown of productivityB.the decline of wage growthC.the depression of employmentD.the decrease of job satisfaction(5).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：2.00）A.Economists opinions on the decline of Europe.B.Narrowing innova
