1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 203 及答案解析(总分：144.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Many young people go to university without clear idea of what they are going to d
2、o afterwards. If a student goes to a university to 【B1】_ a broader perspective, to enlarge his ideas and to learn to think 【B2】_ himself, he will undoubtedly【B3】_. Schools often have too restricting an atmosphere, with its timetables and【B4】_, to allow a student much time for independent assessment
3、of his work. Students should have longer time to decide the subjects they want to 【B5】_ for their degrees, so 【B6】_ in later life they do not look back and say “I should like to have been an architect. If I had not taken a 【B7】_ in Modern Languages, I should not have ended up 【B8】_ the job as an int
4、erpreter, 【B9】_ its so late.“ Another question is how to make the best【B10】_of ones time at university. This is the case of the student who excels【B11】_a particular branch of learning. He is immediately【B12】_to the university of his choice, and spends his four years becoming specialized in this fiel
5、d, finally emerging with a first-class Honor Degree, but very【B13】_knowledge of what the【B14】_of the world is all about. It【B15】_becomes more and more important that if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be【B16】_detailed information about courses and more advice. Only
6、in this way can we be sure that we are not to have, on the one hand, a【B17】_of specialists【B18】_of anything【B19】_their own subject, or on the other hand ever-increasing number of graduates qualified in subject for which there is little or no【B20】_in the working world.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.acq
7、uireB.requireC.gainD.demand(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）A.ofB.onC.inD.for(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）A.profitB.benefitC.undermineD.impair(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.limitationsB.disciplinesC.requirementsD.punishments(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）A.chooseB.proveC.assistD.grant(6).【B6】（分数：2.00）A.whichB.whereasC.thatD.what(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）A.degre
8、eB.classC.partD.interest(8).【B8】（分数：2.00）A.inB.forC.withD.toward(9).【B9】（分数：2.00）A.soB.thusC.butD.and(10).【B10】（分数：2.00）A.funB.muchC.nothingD.use(11).【B11】（分数：2.00）A.inB.withC.onD.off(12).【B12】（分数：2.00）A.testedB.admittedC.enrolledD.noticed(13).【B13】（分数：2.00）A.muchB.littleC.manyD.few(14).【B14】（分数：2.0
9、0）A.restB.outsideC.partD.section(15).【B15】（分数：2.00）A.thereforeB.howeverC.whileD.like(16).【B16】（分数：2.00）A.manyB.lessC.littleD.more(17).【B17】（分数：2.00）A.coupleB.chainC.seriesD.band(18).【B18】（分数：2.00）A.fondB.ignorantC.trueD.afraid(19).【B19】（分数：2.00）A.aboveB.belowC.beyondD.over(20).【B20】（分数：2.00）A.demand
10、B.requestC.requirementD.claim二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：60.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._The people who run Facebook are furious about a new movie that depicts the existenc
11、e of Face-book. Theyre upset because much of the story about The Social Network is just completely made up. But the really interesting thing about this movie is that the story tells a lager truth about Silicon Valleys get-rich-quick culture and the kind of peoplelike Mark Zuckerbergwho thrive in thi
12、s environment. The Valley used to be a place run by scientists and engineers. But now the Valley has become a casino, a place where smart kids arrive hoping to make an easy fortune building companies that seem at least not as serious as old-guard companies. The three hottest tech companies today are
13、 Facebook, Twitter, and Zynga. Facebook lets you keep in touch with your friends; it will generate about $1.5 billion in revenue this year by bombarding its 500 million members with ads. Twitter is a noisy circus of spats and celebrity watching, and its hapless founders still cant figure out how to
14、make money. The biggest of Facebook app-makers, reportedly will rake in $500 million this year by getting people addicted to cheesy games like Far-mville and Mafia Wars. Meanwhile, among some longtime techies, there s a sense that something important has been lost. “The old Silicon Valley was about
15、solving really hard problems, making technical bets. But theres no real technical bet being made with Facebook or Zynga,“ says Nathan Myhrvold, the former chief technology officer at Microsoft who now runs an invention lab in Seattle. “Today almost everyone in the Valley will tell you there is too m
16、uch me-tooism, too much looking for a gold rush and not enough people who are looking to solve really hard problems.“ Sure, there are still entrepreneurs and investors chasing serious technology challenges in the Valley. Myhrvold says he means no disrespect to Facebook and Zynga. “What bother me are
17、 the millions of wannabes who will follow along, and the expectation that every company ought to be focused on doing really short-term, easy things to achieve giant paydays. I think that s unrealistic, and its not healthy.“ What he worries are “the unknown engineers and professors who have good idea
18、s will get funded or will they be talked out of it and told they should do something like Zynga? “ We ve already fallen behind in areas like alternative energy, better batteries, and nanotechnolo-gy. Instead of racing to catch up, were buying seeds and garden gnomes on Facebook. This wont end well.（
19、分数：10.00）(1).The people who run Facebook are furious because_.（分数：2.00）A.there is fierce competition between Facebook and TwitterB.the movie slandered FacebookC.the movie disclosed Facebook s secretsD.what the movie show about Facebook is untrue(2).We can infer from Paragraph 2 that_.（分数：2.00）A.the
20、Valley is no longer the place for hard science and making thingsB.the Valley has been converted into a casinoC.making an easy fortune prevails todays Silicon ValleyD.semiconductor got its name from Silicon Valley(3).From the third paragraph, the authors attitude towards Facebook, Twitter and Zynga i
21、s_.（分数：2.00）A.criticalB.slightly complimentaryC.positiveD.neutral(4).What Myhrvold worries about the Silicon Valley is_.（分数：2.00）A.how to get sufficient entrepreneurs and investorsB.everyone in the Valley hardly looks for a gold rushC.Facebook or Zynga makes lots of technical betsD.a sense of solvin
22、g really hard problems is declining(5).The main idea about this text is_.（分数：2.00）A.America s lag in areas like alternative energy, better batteries and nanotechnologyB.an untrue movie about Facebook and Social NetworkC.a tale about Silicon Valleys get-rich-quickD.the negative impact on Silicon Vall
23、ey from success of companies, like FacebookConversations about elderly parents and technology usually center on safety, in particular on devices designed to alert a call center in case of trouble. But our parents are more than the sum of their maladies. Instead of keeping the safe, cant some of thes
24、e devices help keep them happy? Experts say the key to making tech work for Mom and Dad is not to buy the newest cool thing, but to look for a device or software that fulfills a basic need, that does something they particular want to do. And its helpful if the learning curve involves an element or t
25、wo already familiar to them. “The question is what s the motivation? “ said Dr. Gary Small, the director of the center on aging at the university of California, Los Angeles, and the author of iBrain: surviving the technological alteration of the modern mind. “For technology to become sticky with the
26、 older generation, we have to get into their heads and understand what make them think this is fun,“ he added. “The bells and whistles that might attract us are too counterintuitive.“ Dr. Small says that device for the elderly should answer three criteria, in this order: simplicity of use, availabil
27、ity of phone assistance and hardware thats easy to manipulate. Once installation and set-up are completelylikely the responsibility of a tech-sawy adult childenjoyment has to outweigh effort. Beyond that, it is important to evaluate how large a technology leap an aging parent will be willing to take
28、. Those who know their way around a VCR or DVD player will be a likelier to embrace a device that requires new equipment or an occasional call to a help number. Dr. Small like single-application devices that meet a personal need for the technological newcomerlike ones that send and receive e-mail, m
29、aking it easier to stay in touch with family and see those digital photos of a new grandchild. Reading devices like the kindle are also popular with the older users, because they make an enjoyable, lifelong activity easier by replacing a heavy book with lightweight tablet. A reader can be ideal for
30、a parent who travels and wants to take more than one book along. The right motivation can overcome a parents doubt or anxiety about adopting new technology. Dr. Small s father, a practicing physician in his 80s, avoided technology until the hospital where he worked switched to electronic records. Su
31、ddenly he had no choice. If he wanted to continue to work, he had to wade in. Dr. Cartensen says that electronic manufacturers have failed to develop products for elder users “because of stereotypes which suggest that older people arent interested, even when they might be,“ and because marketers thi
32、nk “they can simply wait until younger cohorts grow old, knowing the problem will be solved.“ But there are signs of change on the horizon, several of them involving that most familiar of technologies, like the television set.（分数：10.00）(1).The passage seems to suggest that tech work for elderly pare
33、nts is_.（分数：2.00）A.to keep themselves safeB.to do something specialC.to keep up with the development of the societyD.to fulfill their basic needs and interest(2).Device for the elderly should meet the criteria EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.a lot of funB.phone assistanceC.simplicity usageD.user-friendly hardwar
34、e(3).According to Dr. Small, the advantage of single-application devices rests on_.（分数：2.00）A.sending and receiving e-mailsB.seeing those digital photos of a new grandchildC.replacing a heavy book with lightweight tabletD.fulfilling the individualized requirement of elderly persons(4).The switch of
35、Dr. Smalls father is mentioned to demonstrate_.（分数：2.00）A.his father needs to retire for healthB.the 80-year-old person can still devote themselves to their careerC.electronic records are prevailing in modern hospitalD.helping elderly parents adopt new technology needs right motivation(5).According
36、to Dr. Cartensen, electronic manufacturers should_.（分数：2.00）A.wait until young generation grows oldB.give up their marketing endeavors to cater to old populationC.develop new technology particularly for elderly parentsD.try new marketing strategy among the oldIf you are interested in job creationand
37、 who isnt this days? you should talk to someone like Morris Panner. In 1999, Panner and some others started a Boston software company called Ope-nAir. By 2008 they sold it for $31 million. The firm had then grown to about 50 workers. It turns out that entrepreneurship (essentially, the funding of ne
38、w companies) is crucial to the job creation. Of course, Panner s success is often a slog. What s the frustrating and perplexing about the present job dearth is that the US economy has long been a phenomenal employment machine. Here is a record: 83 million jobs are added from 1960 to 2007, with only
39、six year of declines. Conventional analysis blames todays poor performance on weak demand. Because people arent buying, businesses arent hiring. Though true, this omits the vital role of entrepreneurship. In any given year, employment may reflect the ups and downs of the business cycle. But over lon
40、ger periods, almost all job growth comes from new businesses. The reason: the high death rate of exiting firms. Even successful firms succumb to threats: new competitions and technology; mature market; the death of flinders; shifting consumers tastes; poor management and unprofitability. A company f
41、ounded today has an 80% chance of disappearing over the next quarter century, reports a study by Dane Stangler and Paul Kedrosky of the Kauffman Foundation. True, some blue-chips firms endure. Four fifth of the Fortune 500 were founded before 1970. But they are exception, and many blue chips have di
42、ed. The debate over whether small or big firms create more jobs is misleading. The real distinction is between new and old. American workers are roughly split between firms with fewer or more than 500 employees. In healthy times, older companies of all sizes do create a lot of jobs. But they also lo
43、se jobs, as some businesses shrink or vanish. On balance, job creation and destruction cancel. All the network increases occur among startups, finds a study of the 19922005 period by economists John Haltiwanger of university of Maryland and Ron Jarmin and Javier Miranda of the Census Bureau. To be s
44、ure, entrepreneurship has a downside: booms and busts. Remember the dotcom “bubble“, but more damaging are widespread popular misconceptions about what it isnt the engine of job adding. Although the entrepreneurial instinct seems powerful and American ambition and creative, venture capital for start
45、ups is scarce and that political leaders seem largely oblivious to burdensome government policies. This needs to be addressed. Entrepreneurship wont instantly cure American job deficit, but without, there will be no strong recovery.（分数：10.00）(1).OpenAirs success is cited to show_.（分数：2.00）A.it preci
46、sely seized the need of consumersB.it had the funding for new companiesC.the firm had increased to 50 workersD.the job creation had much to do with startups(2).Traditional analysis attributes the employment declines to _.（分数：2.00）A.businesses shrinking or vanishingB.the crucial role of entrepreneurs
47、hipC.lower consumers demandD.burdensome government policies(3).The reasons for the high death rate of exiting firms is_.（分数：2.00）A.political biasB.new marketC.high level of consumers needD.lacking of funding(4).The authors attitude towards government policies of starting business is_.（分数：2.00）A.diss
48、atisfiedB.acceptableC.indifferentD.neutral(5).The essay mainly introduces the relationship between_.（分数：2.00）A.new firms and old firmsB.government policies and business operationC.job creation and new business of the startupsD.entrepreneurship and the success of new businessThe robots are coming. The second decades of the 21th century will see the rise of merchandized army that will revolutionize the private a
