1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 200 及答案解析(总分：144.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Many young people go to university without clear idea of what they are going to d
2、o afterwards. If a student goes to a university to 【B1】_ a broader perspective, to enlarge his ideas and to learn to think 【B2】_ himself, he will undoubtedly【B3】_. Schools often have too restricting an atmosphere, with its timetables and【B4】_, to allow a student much time for independent assessment
3、of his work. Students should have longer time to decide the subjects they want to 【B5】_ for their degrees, so 【B6】_ in later life they do not look back and say “I should like to have been an architect. If I had not taken a 【B7】_ in Modern Languages, I should not have ended up 【B8】_ the job as an int
4、erpreter, 【B9】_ its so late.“ Another question is how to make the best【B10】_of ones time at university. This is the case of the student who excels【B11】_a particular branch of learning. He is immediately【B12】_to the university of his choice, and spends his four years becoming specialized in this fiel
5、d, finally emerging with a first-class Honor Degree, but very【B13】_knowledge of what the【B14】_of the world is all about. It【B15】_becomes more and more important that if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be【B16】_detailed information about courses and more advice. Only
6、in this way can we be sure that we are not to have, on the one hand, a【B17】_of specialists【B18】_of anything【B19】_their own subject, or on the other hand ever-increasing number of graduates qualified in subject for which there is little or no【B20】_in the working world.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.acq
7、uireB.requireC.gainD.demand(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）A.ofB.onC.inD.for(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）A.profitB.benefitC.undermineD.impair(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.limitationsB.disciplinesC.requirementsD.punishments(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）A.chooseB.proveC.assistD.grant(6).【B6】（分数：2.00）A.whichB.whereasC.thatD.what(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）A.degre
8、eB.classC.partD.interest(8).【B8】（分数：2.00）A.inB.forC.withD.toward(9).【B9】（分数：2.00）A.soB.thusC.butD.and(10).【B10】（分数：2.00）A.funB.muchC.nothingD.use(11).【B11】（分数：2.00）A.inB.withC.onD.off(12).【B12】（分数：2.00）A.testedB.admittedC.enrolledD.noticed(13).【B13】（分数：2.00）A.muchB.littleC.manyD.few(14).【B14】（分数：2.0
9、0）A.restB.outsideC.partD.section(15).【B15】（分数：2.00）A.thereforeB.howeverC.whileD.like(16).【B16】（分数：2.00）A.manyB.lessC.littleD.more(17).【B17】（分数：2.00）A.coupleB.chainC.seriesD.band(18).【B18】（分数：2.00）A.fondB.ignorantC.trueD.afraid(19).【B19】（分数：2.00）A.aboveB.belowC.beyondD.over(20).【B20】（分数：2.00）A.demand
10、B.requestC.requirementD.claim二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：60.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Today we re told that to be great is to be bold, to be happy is to be sociable. In
11、fact, one-third to one-half of Americans are introverts. If youre not an introvert yourself, you are surely raising, managing, married to, or coupled with one. If these statistics surprise you, that s probably because so many people pretend to be extroverts. Some fool even themselves, until some lif
12、e event jolts them into taking stock of their true natures. You have only to raise this subject with your friends and acquaintances to find that the most unlikely people consider themselves introverts. It makes sense that so many introverts hide even from themselves. We live with a value system that
13、 I call the Extrovert Ideal. The archetypal extrovert works well in teams and socializes in groups. We like to think that we value individuality, but all too often we admire one type of individualthe kind whos comfortable “putting himself out there“. Sure, we allow technologically gifted loners who
14、launch companies in garages to have any personality they please, but they are the exceptions, not the rule, and our tolerance extends mainly to those who get fabulously wealthy or hold the promise of doing so. Introversionalong with its cousins sensitivity, seriousness, and shynessis now a second-cl
15、ass personality trait, somewhere between a disappointment and a pathology . Introverts living under the Extrovert Ideal are discounted because of a trait that goes to the core of who they are. Extroversion is an enormously appealing personality style, but weve turned it into an oppressive standard t
16、o which most of us feel we must conform. The Extrovert Ideal has been documented in many studies, though this research has never been grouped under a single name. Talk active people, for example, are rated as smarter, better-looking, more interesting, and more desirable as friends. We rank fast talk
17、ers as more competent and likable than slow ones. Even the word introvert is stigmatizedone informal study, by psychologist Laurie Helgoe, found that introverts described their own physical appearance in vivid language, but when asked to describe generic introverts they drew a bland and distasteful
18、picture. But we make a grave mistake to embrace the Extrovert Ideal so unthinkingly. Some of our greatest ideas, art, and inventions came from quiet and cerebral people who knew how to tune in to their inner worlds and the treasures to be found there.（分数：10.00）(1).We can learn from the first two par
19、agraphs that_.（分数：2.00）A.most people in America are introvertB.American people prefer introvert to extrovertC.your family members or friends may pretend to be extrovertD.in American society, only the extrovert could succeed(2).Many introverts hide their real character because of the following EXCEPT
20、_.（分数：2.00）A.we are living in an Extrovert Ideal societyB.both teamwork and social activities are suited to the extrovertC.people only accept one kind of individualthe extrovertD.gifted loners could be tolerated because of their wealth(3).The word “pathology“ in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to_
21、.（分数：2.00）A.termagancyB.optimismC.depressionD.abnormality(4).Laurie Helgoe is mentioned in Paragraph 5 to show_.（分数：2.00）A.according to a research, the word “introvert“ has been insultedB.Extrovert Ideal has been documented in many researchesC.psychologist believe that talk active people are smarter
22、 and more interestingD.people believe that fast talkers are more desirable as friends(5).Which of the following would be the authors attitude toward introvert?（分数：2.00）A.skepticalB.positiveC.negativeD.disgustedSpeaking two languages rather than just one has obvious practical benefits. In recent year
23、s, scientists have begun to show that being bilingual makes you smarter. It can have a profound effect on your brain, improving cognitive skills not related to language and even shielding against dementia in old age. Researchers, educators and policy makers in 20 century considered a second language
24、 to be an interference, cognitively speaking, that hindered a childs academic and intellectual development. There is ample evidence that in a bilingual s brain both language systems are active even when he is using only one language, thus creating situations in which one system obstructs the other.
25、But this interference isnt so much a handicap as a blessing in disguise. It forces the brain to resolve internal conflict, giving the mind a workout that strengthens its cognitive muscles. The collective evidence from a number of such studies suggests that the bilingual experience improves the brain
26、 s so-called executive function. These processes include ignoring distractions to stay focused, switching attention willfully from one thing to another and holding information in mindlike remembering a sequence of directions while driving. Why does the tussle between two simultaneously active langua
27、ge systems improve these aspects of cognition? Researchers thought the bilingual advantage stemmed primarily from an ability for inhibition that was honed by the exercise of suppressing one language system. But that explanation increasingly appears to be inadequate, since studies have shown that bil
28、inguals perform better than monolinguals even at tasks that do not require inhibition, like threading a line through an ascending series of numbers scattered randomly on a page. The key difference between bilinguals and monolinguals may be more basic: a heightened ability to monitor the environment.
29、 “Bilinguals have to switch languages quite often,“ says Albert Costa, a searcher at the University of Pompeu Fabra in Spain. “It requires keeping track of changes around you in the same way that we monitor our surroundings when driving.“ In a study comparing Ger man-Italian bilinguals with Italian
30、monolinguals on monitoring tasks, Mr. Cost and his colleagues found that the bilingual subjects not only performed better, but they also did so with less activity in parts of the brain involved in monitoring, indicating that they were more efficient at it. The bilingual experience appears to influen
31、ce the brain from infancy to old age, and there is reason to believe that it may also apply to those who learn a second language later in life.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the advantage of speaking two languages?（分数：2.00）A.Improving other field s cognitive sk
32、ills.B.Benefiting to the brain and making people smarter.C.Protecting against Alzheimer s disease.D.Enhancing the reactivity and memory.(2).The underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 means_.（分数：2.00）A.this interference may help develop our brainB.our brain will face more challenges from bilingual learni
33、ngC.bilingual experience could improve speakers comprehensionD.speaking two languages obstructs people s memory of driving(3).The key difference between bilinguals and monolinguals is that_.（分数：2.00）A.the basic ability restrains two languagesB.they pay attention to the changes of their own condition
34、sC.bilinguals are more efficient and cautiousD.bilinguals are more sensitive to surroundings(4).According to the text, which of the following is TRUE?（分数：2.00）A.People believe that monolingual learning positively affects the brain.B.Monolinguals need to neglect brains internal conflict and stay focu
35、sed.C.Bilinguals could do better in observing the changes of environment.D.Bilingual experience affects children more than old people.(5).What is the most suitable subject of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Bilingual learning could benefit from their ability.B.Bilingual could work effectively without disturb
36、ance.C.Two active language systems make people smarter.D.It is never too late to learn a second language.The Term “CYBERSPACE“ was coined by William Gibson, a science-fiction writer. In the book Mr. Gibson describes cyberspace as “a consensual hallucination experienced daily by billions of legitimat
37、e operators“ and “a graphic representation of data abstracted from the banks of every computer in the human system.“ The myriad connections forged by these computing devices have brought tremendous benefits to everyone who uses the web to tap into humanitys collective store of knowledge every day. B
38、ut data breaches are becoming ever bigger and more common. Last year over 800m records were lost. The potential damage, though, extends well beyond such commercial incursions. Americas president, Barack Obama, said in a White House press release earlier this year that cyber-threats “pose one of the
39、gravest national-security dangers“ the country is facing. Securing cyberspace is becoming harder. Cyber-security, which involves protecting both data and people, is facing multiple threats, notably cybercrime and online industrial espionage, both of which are growing rapidly. A recent estimate by th
40、e Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CEIS), puts the annual global cost of digital crime and intellectual-property theft at $445 billiona sum roughly equivalent to the GDP of a smallish rich European country such as Austria. There is also the risk of cyber-sabotage. Terrorists or agents
41、 of hostile powers could mount attacks on companies and systems that control vital parts of an economy, including power stations, electrical grids and communications networks. Such attacks are hard to pull off, but not impossible. The biggest day-to-day threats faced by companies and government agen
42、cies come from crooks and spooks hoping to steal financial data and trade secrets. One is to ensure that organizations get the basics of cyber-security right. There is also a need to provide incentives to improve cyber-security, be they carrots or sticks. Cyberspace is about to undergo another massi
43、ve change. Over the next few years billions of new devices, from cars to household appliances and medical equipment, will be fitted with tiny computers that connect them to the web and make them more useful. But unless these systems have adequate security protection, the internet of things could eas
44、ily become the internet of new things to be hacked. Plenty of people are eager to take advantage of any weaknesses they may spot. Hacking used to be about geeky college kids tapping away in their bedrooms to annoy their elders. It has grown up with a vengeance.（分数：10.00）(1).William Gibson is mention
45、ed to_.（分数：2.00）A.tell readers the origin of websiteB.demonstrate the earliest use of the InternetC.introduce the tremendous benefits to everyoneD.show the prescient in his literally creation(2).According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?（分数：2.00）A.Network threat is the most serious so
46、cial threat today.B.The advantages of Internet outweigh the disadvantages.C.Data leakage becomes increasingly popular on the Internet.D.Internet fraud has become one of the security dangers.(3).The word “sabotage“ in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to_.（分数：2.00）A.destructionB.menaceC.persecuteD.pl
47、agiary(4).In the last two paragraphs, the author worries that_.（分数：2.00）A.billions of new devices will be connected to the webB.crooks and spooks steal financial data and trade secretsC.some new massive changes of cyber-threats will happenD.hackers may take advantage of the Internet of things(5).The
48、 author s attitude toward hackers is _.（分数：2.00）A.skepticalB.ambiguousC.negativeD.sympatheticThe bastion of excellence in American education is being destroyed by state budget cuts and mounting costs. Whatever else it is, higher education is shot through with waste, lax academic standards and mediocre teaching and scholarship. Higher education is a bloated enterprise. Too many professors do too little teaching to too many ill-prepared students. Costs c
