1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 196 及答案解析(总分：144.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_You should assume, in trying for jobs, that you will not be the only applicant. T
2、he single most prevalent deciding factor is the 【B1】_ To be successful in a job interview, you should demonstrate certain personal and 【B2】_ qualities. You need to create a good image in the limited time 【B3】_ , usually from 30 to 45 minutes. 【B4】_ ,you must make a positive impression which the inte
3、rviewer will 【B5】_ while he interviews other applicants. At all times, you should present your most attractive 【B6】_ during an interview. You should, 【B7】_ , take care to appear well-groomed and modestly dressed, avoiding the extremes of too 【B8】_ or too casual attire. Besides 【B9】_ for personal app
4、earance, you should pay close attention to your manner of 【B10】_ Since speech is a reflection of personality, you should reflect 【B11】_ by speaking in a clear voice, loud enough to be heard 【B12】_ being aggressive or overpowering. Speaking without a subject will not impress anyone. You should be pre
5、pared to talk 【B13】_ about the requirements of the position for which you are applying 【B14】_ your own professional experiences and interests. Knowing something about the 【B15】_ enables you to ask intelligent questions about the work and the 【B16】_ for the job. The interviewer can decide from the qu
6、estions asked whether you are 【B17】_ interested or knowledgeable. You can comment on your own training, experience, and other 【B18】_ in relation to the specific tasks of the position. The interviewer can determine whether your background and 【B19】_ seem to fit the position. The position for which yo
7、u are applying is not only the safest topic for discussion, it is essential that you 【B20】_ your understanding of the requirements and your abilities in meeting these requirements.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.recommendationB.applicationC.interviewD.impression(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）A.mentalB.physicalC.comp
8、rehensiveD.professional(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）A.applicableB.availableC.attainableD.acceptable(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.FurthermoreB.SoC.HoweverD.Firstly(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）A.cherishB.reserveC.rememberD.sustain(6).【B6】（分数：2.00）A.mannersB.qualitiesC.appearanceD.personality(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）A.in particularB.in shortC.b
9、y contrastD.for example(8).【B8】（分数：2.00）A.elaborateB.informalC.looseD.expensive(9).【B9】（分数：2.00）A.attentionB.focusC.cautionD.care(10).【B10】（分数：2.00）A.behavingB.respondingC.speakingD.remarking(11).【B11】（分数：2.00）A.strengthB.friendlinessC.confidenceD.competence(12).【B12】（分数：2.00）A.withoutB.byC.inD.with
10、(13).【B13】（分数：2.00）A.seriouslyB.knowledgeablyC.tentativelyD.literally(14).【B14】（分数：2.00）A.in terms ofB.in contrast toC.in relation toD.in line with(15).【B15】（分数：2.00）A.positionB.occupationC.interviewerD.corporation(16).【B16】（分数：2.00）A.doubtsB.questionsC.characteristicsD.requirements(17).【B17】（分数：2.0
11、0）A.practicallyB.genuinelyC.excessivelyD.adequately(18).【B18】（分数：2.00）A.documentsB.qualificationsC.conditionsD.perceptions(19).【B19】（分数：2.00）A.educationB.knowledgeC.experiencesD.potential(20).【B20】（分数：2.00）A.demonstrateB.justifyC.specifyD.expose二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：60.00)2.Section II Rea
12、ding Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Democrats on the Senate Judiciary Committee gave vent to their fury over high gasoline prices at executives of the nations five largest oil companies on Wednesday, gri
13、lling the oilmen over their multimillion-dollar pay packages and warning them that Congress was intent on taking action that could include a new tax on so-called windfall profits. Such showdowns between lawmakers and oilmen have become a familiar routine on Capitol Hill. But with gas prices nearing
14、￥4 a gallon, and lawmakers headed home for a weeklong Memorial Day recess where they expect to get an earful from angry constituents, there is added urgency for Congress to appear active. But while momentum is building for several measures, which includes a bill that would allow the Organization of
15、the Petroleum Exporting Countries to be sued in American courts under antitrust laws, there is little sign that any of the proposals would do much, if anything, to lower prices quickly. And the oil executives warned that government intervention might only make things worse. Instead, they called on C
16、ongress to allow more drilling and exploration for domestic oil. The increasing urgency to seem aggressive about gasoline prices was apparent on Tuesday when the House voted by an overwhelming 324 to 84 to approve the bill, commonly referred to as NOPEC, which classifies OPEC as a monopoly in violat
17、ion of the Sherman Antitrust Act. Senate Democrats have included that measure as part of a package of legislation intended to address the high price of gasoline, along with the tax on windfall profits and a measure to tamp down speculation in the oil futures market that many lawmakers think is contr
18、ibuting to the run-up in prices. At the Judiciary Committee hearing, Democratic senators struggled to have the executives explain how oil prices had risen so high. The senators expressed doubt that basic laws of supply and demand were at work and suggested instead a more sinister combination of mono
19、polistic behavior by oil-producing countries, speculation in the futures markets and sheer corporate greed. On Monday, President Bush signed a bill temporarily suspending the purchase of crude oil for the nations Strategic Petroleum Reserve. Mr. Bush had initially opposed such action but relented af
20、ter the House and Senate approved the bill by wide margins. Senator Richard J.Durbin, Democrat of Illinois and a strong supporter of Senator Barack Obamas presidential bid, made a particularly pointed attack, in which he seemed to warn the oil executives that they would soon no longer have such a go
21、od friend in the White House. He also adviced that Mr. Bush should be doing more to press the oil companies to help lower prices at the pump, while acknowledging that it would be difficult to pass a windfall profits tax while Mr. Bush was still in office.（分数：10.00）(1).Senate Democrats got angry with
22、 the oilmen because（分数：2.00）A.they get tax-free pay packages.B.Congress was intent on taking action.C.the showdowns have merely become a routine.D.oil prices had risen so high.(2).From the text we can know that the bill which allows OPEC to be sued under antitrust laws（分数：2.00）A.hinders more drillin
23、g and exploration for domestic oil.B.is a kind of government intervention that only makes things worse.C.is proved to be less influential to decrease oil price rapidly.D.is in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act.(3).The approval of the bill, NOPEC, on Tuesday implies that（分数：2.00）A.it is necessar
24、y to levy tax on windfall profits.B.it is in urgent need to fight against monopoly.C.it is pressing to think much of the ever-increasing oil prices.D.it is essential to resort to NOPEC.(4).According to Democratic senators, which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to soaring oil prices
25、?（分数：2.00）A.the basic supply and demands law.B.the oil-producing countries monopoly.C.speculation in the oil futures markets.D.oil companies salivating over profits.(5).What can we infer from the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.President Bush used to be reluctant to lower the oil price.B.Democrats argue t
26、hat greedy oil companies are the key factor of jumping oil price.C.The nations Strategic Petroleum Reserve is more than adequate.D.The federal law bans the windfall profits tax in Bush Government.Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a pi
27、ece of research which showed that senior women professors in the institutes school of science had lower salaries and received fewer resources for research than their male counterparts did. Discrimination against female scientists has cropped up elsewhere. One study conducted in Sweden, of all places
28、showed that female medical-research scientists had to be twice as good as men in order to win research grants. These pieces of work, though, were relatively small-scale. Now, a much larger study has found that discrimination plays a role in the pay gap between male and female scientists at British u
29、niversities. Sara Connolly, a researcher at the University of East Anglias school of economics, has been analyzing the results of a survey of over 7,000 scientists and she has just presented her findings at this years meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in Norwich. She
30、found that the average pay gap between male and female academics working in science, engineering and technology is around 1,500 a year. That is not, of course, irrefutable proof of discrimination. An alternative hypothesis is that the courses of mens and womens lives mean the gap is caused by someth
31、ing else; women taking “career breaks“ to have children, for example, and thus rising more slowly through the hierarchy. Unfortunately for that idea, Dr. Connolly found that men are also likely to earn more within any given grade of the hierarchy. Male professors, for example, earn over 4,000 a year
32、 more than female ones. To prove the point beyond doubt, Dr. Connolly worked out how much of the overall pay differential was explained by differences such as seniority, experience and age, and how much was unexplained, and therefore suggestive of discrimination. Explicable differences amounted to 7
33、7% of the overall pay gap between the sexes. That still left a substantial 23% gap in pay, which Dr. Connolly attributes to discrimination. Besides pay, her study also looked at the “glass-ceiling“ effectnamely that at all stages of a womans career she is less likely than her male colleagues to be p
34、romoted. Between postdoctoral and lecturer level, men are more likely to be promoted than women are, by a factor of between 1.04 and 2.45. Such differences are bigger at higher grades, with the hardest move of all being for a woman to settle into a professorial chair. Of course, it might be that, at
35、 each grade, men do more work than women, to make themselves more eligible for promotion. But that explanation, too, seems to be wrong. Different from the previous studies, Dr. Connollys compared the experience of scientists in universities with that of those in other sorts of laboratory. It turns o
36、ut that female academic researchers face more barriers to promotion, and have a wider gap between their pay and that of their male counterparts, than do their sisters in industry or research institutes independent of universities. In other words, private enterprise delivers more equality than the su
37、pposedly egalitarian world of academia does.（分数：10.00）(1).The phrase “crop up“ in the first paragraph most probably means（分数：2.00）A.thrive.B.plant.C.elevate.D.happen.(2).Which of the followings can be attributed to Dr. Connollys study?（分数：2.00）A.Pay discrimination between male and female scientists.
38、B.Fewer research resources for women scientists.C.The super qualities possessed by male scientists.D.The role of analyzing the results of a survey.(3).According to the text, the author places interpretation on（分数：2.00）A.a humor.B.a adageC.a term.D.a motto.(4).In contrast to Dr. Connollys study, the
39、previous ones failed to（分数：2.00）A.compare the pay between male and female scientists.B.make a comparison between the experience of scientists in others kinds of laboratory and that of those in universities.C.contrast the degree of efforts between male and female scientists in their endeavors.D.make
40、the supposedly egalitarian world of academia deliver more equality.(5).Which of followings could be the best title for the text?（分数：2.00）A.Avoid the discrimination.B.Free to Flutter.C.The Hardest Move.D.Mind the Gap.Latin Americaa place long associated with financial disasterhas remained improbably
41、calm, while the ripples of Americas subprime-mortgage crisis have spread all over the place. Banks have reported no unpleasant surprises. Brazil and Peru have been blessed with coveted investment-grade ratings. Surprisingly, perhaps the fleetest country of all has been Argentina. Since it emerged fr
42、om the financial crisis of 2001-02, it has been one of the worlds fastest-growing economies. It is expected to expand faster than most of its neighbors again this year. How has such a perennial economic miscreant proven so resilient to the credit crunch? Quite simply, it barely has no credit. Back w
43、hen its economy virtually collapsed, the country suffered a run on its banks, followed by a freeze on withdrawals, and a massive currency devaluation. As a result, bank lending to the private sector shrivelled, from 23.8% of GDP in 2000 to 10.8% in 2003. Since then, it has rebounded to a piddling 13
44、%; by contrast, the ratio in Brazil was 36.5% in 2006. Almost all of these loans in Argentina are accessible only on a short-term basis. Once its recovery began in June 2002, Argentina became a paradise for business. Unemployment of over 20% kept wages down, and the devaluation gave exporters an edg
45、e on foreign competitors. The ample productive capacity left idle by the crisis meant firms could expand without making big investments. And the windfall profits reaped by agricultural exporters, thanks to record commodities prices, enabled many of them to finance new projects out of earnings. Hence
46、 the economy could grow at almost 9% a year with little need for credit. But such a fortuitous confluence of factors could not last. Starting in early 2005, inflation picked up, a sign that the installed capacity was starting to limit output. Salaries and prices for raw materials increased sharply,
47、cutting into profits. And farmers were particularly hard hit when the government nearly doubled the taxes it leaves on farm exports. Now, just as companies need to embark on big investments if they are to keep growing, their margins are no longer big enough to pay for the expansion and they need to
48、borrow. So, the time is ripe for the countrys financial system to recover. But a number of things are in the way. Foremost is Argentinas business risk. Those in the informal economy (which represents over 40% of GDP) can neither save nor borrow legally, lest they become known to the taxmen. The rest remain cowed by memories of the crisis. Although Argentines have poured their savings into property, fuelling a construction boom, they still hold about four-fifths of their deposits abroad. Inflation, fuell
