1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 193 及答案解析(总分：144.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Industrialism, at least within our experience of it for more than 200 years, neve
2、r 【B1】_ a point of equilibrium or a level plateau. 【B2】_ its very principle of operation, it ceaselessly innovates and changes. Having largely 【B3】_ the agricultural work force, it moves on manufacturing 【B4】_ by creating new automated technology that increases manufacturing productivity 【B5】_ displ
3、acing workers. Manufacturing, from 【B6】_ a half or more of the employed population of industrial societies, shrinks to between a quarter and a third. Its place is filled by the service sector. The move to a service society is 【B7】_ by a great expansion in education, health, and other private and pub
4、lic welfare 【B8】_ . The population typically becomes not just healthier, better housed, and better fed but also better educated. Professional and scientific knowledge becomes the most marketable 【B9】_ The link between pure science and technology, loose and uncertain in the early 【B10】_ of industrial
5、ization, becomes pivotal. Struck by these changes, as 【B11】_ with the classic forms of industrial society of the 19th and early 20th centuries, some theorists have discerned a 【B12】_ to a new postmodern or postindustrial society. Such 【B13】_ may be premature. Most of the changes 【B14】_ late industri
6、alism can be seen as the results of long-term developments 【B15】_ in the process of industrialization from the start. The rise of service industries has 【B16】_ in part from the increase in leisure and in disposable wealth and in part from the 【B17】_ process of mechanization and technical innovation,
7、 【B18】_ constantly raises manufacturing productivity 【B19】_ replacing human labour with machines. It can also be seen as the 【B20】_ of the growth of multinational corporations.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.reachesB.obtainsC.arrivesD.maintains(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）A.WithB.UnderC.WithinD.By(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）
8、A.diminishedB.eliminatedC.replacedD.displaced(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.efficiencyB.laborC.employmentD.products(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）A.whileB.asC.whenD.as soon as(6).【B6】（分数：2.00）A.consisting ofB.accounting forC.taking inD.amounting to(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）A.markedB.indicatedC.labeledD.symbolized(8).【B8】（分数：2.00）A.se
9、rvicesB.sectorsC.departmentsD.divisions(9).【B9】（分数：2.00）A.itemB.propertyC.commodityD.article(10).【B10】（分数：2.00）A.stagesB.processesC.stepsD.procedures(11).【B11】（分数：2.00）A.collidedB.compliedC.comparedD.connected(12).【B12】（分数：2.00）A.movementB.moveC.developmentD.motion(13).【B13】（分数：2.00）A.statementsB.cl
10、aimsC.assumptionsD.conclusions(14).【B14】（分数：2.00）A.realizingB.characterizingC.organizingD.recognizing(15).【B15】（分数：2.00）A.explicitB.notableC.implicitD.suggestive(16).【B16】（分数：2.00）A.emergedB.appearedC.loomedD.arisen(17).【B17】（分数：2.00）A.continuingB.increasingC.growingD.continuous(18).【B18】（分数：2.00）A.
11、thatB.whichC.whenD.where(19).【B19】（分数：2.00）A.byB.withC.inD.upon(20).【B20】（分数：2.00）A.substanceB.subsequenceC.sequenceD.consequence二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：60.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosi
12、ng A, B, C or D._The term “disruptive technology“ is popular, but is widely misused. It refers not simply to a clever new technology, but to one that undermines an existing technologyand which therefore makes life very difficult for the many businesses which depend on the existing way of doing thing
13、s. Thirty years ago, the personal computer was a classic example. It swept aside an older mainframe-based style of computing, and eventually brought IBM, one of the worlds mightiest firms at the time, to its knees. This week has been a coming-out party of sorts for another disruptive technology, “vo
14、ice over internet protocol“ (VOIP), which promises to be even more disruptive, and of even greater benefit to consumers, than personal computers. VOIPs leading proponent is Skype, a small firm whose software allows people to make free calls to other Skype users over the internet, and very cheap call
15、s to traditional telephonesall of which spells trouble for incumbent telecoms operators. On September 12th, eBay, the leading online auction-house, announced that it was buying Skype for $ 2.6 billion, plus an additional $ 1.5 billion if Skype hits certain performance targets in coming years. It see
16、ms that this is a vast sum to pay for a company that has only $ 60m in revenues and has yet to turn a profit. Yet eBay was not the only company interested in buying Skype. Microsoft, Yahoo!, News Corporation and Google were all said to have also considered the idea. Perhaps eBay, rather like some ov
17、er-excited bidder in one of its own auctions, has paid too much. The company says it plans to use Skypes technology to make it easier for buyers and sellers to communicate, and to offer new “click to call“ advertisements, but many analysts are sceptical that eBay is the best owner of Skype. Whatever
18、 the merits of the deal, however, the fuss over Skype in recent weeks has highlighted the significance of VOIP, and the enormous threat it poses to incumbent telecoms operators. For the rise of Skype and other VOIP services means nothing less than the death of the traditional telephone business, est
19、ablished over a century ago. Skype is merely the most visible manifestation of a dramatic shift in the telecoms industry, as voice calling becomes just another data service delivered via high-speed internet connections. Skype, which has over 54m users, has received the most attention, hut other firm
20、s routing calls partially or entirely over the internet have also signed up millions of customers.（分数：10.00）(1).At the beginning of the text, the author（分数：2.00）A.indicates a clever new technology.B.undermines an existing technology.C.corrects a misconception.D.states the popularity of the term.(2).
21、The phrase “broughtto its knees“ in the first paragraph most probably means（分数：2.00）A.forcedto submit to it.B.imposedon it.C.convincedthat it.D.associatedwith it.(3).We can learn from the text that（分数：2.00）A.even greater benefit to many business is promised.B.quite a few corporations showed interest
22、s in the acquisition of Skype.C.eBay has paid a vast sum of money for a small firm.D.your phone will ring wherever you are in the world.(4).The text suggests that many analysts attitude toward the possession of Skype by eBay is（分数：2.00）A.supportive.B.persuasive.C.approval.D.negative.(5).According to
23、 the last paragraph, with which of the following statements would the author of the text most probably agree?（分数：2.00）A.Almost-free internet phone calls herald the slow death of traditional telephony.B.Another data service was delivered entirely over the internet.C.The traditional telephone business
24、 have yet to turn a profit.D.The dramatic shift in the telecoms industry has received little attention.Microsoft employees do not recognize themselves in the governments suits in the Microsoft cafeteria in Redmond, Washington. The governments antitrust suit against the company is frequently discusse
25、d among people who (like me) have no inside knowledge of what is actually going on in the negotiations. Slate, the online magazine I edit, is owned by Microsoft, so discount anything I say accordingly as you please. But having lived and worked among them for four years, I have found the attitude of
26、folks inside the company pretty interesting, and maybe you will too. Not people like Bill Gates, or those who write the legal briefs and press releases, but the ordinary software developer in the cafeteria. Call him the Mall in the plaid Flannel Shirt. He or she is, above all, aggrieved. The grievan
27、ce was well expressed by a midlevel manager when AI Gore “was on campus“ a few months ago. At a Q they surface, heavily disguised, only in our dreams. The work of the past half-century in psychology and neuroscience has been to downplay the role of unconscious universal drives, focusing instead on r
28、ational processes in conscious life. But researchers have found evidence that Freuds drives really do exist, and they have their roots in the limbic system, a primitive part of the brain that operates mostly below the horizon of consciousness. Now more commonly referred to as emotions, the modern su
29、ite of drives comprises five: rage, panic, separation distress, lust and a variation on libido sometimes called seeking. The seeking drive is proving a particularly fruitful subject for researchers. Although like the others it originates in the limbic system, it also involves parts of the forebrain,
30、 the seat of higher mental functions. In the 1980s, Jaak Panksepp, a neurobiologist at Bowling Green State University in Ohio, became interested in a place near the cortex known as the ventral tegmental area, which in humans lies just above the hairline. When Panksepp stimulated the corresponding re
31、gion in a mouse, the animal would sniff the air and walk around, as though it were looking for something. Was it hungry? No. The mouse would walk right by a plate of food, or for that matter any other object Panksepp could think of. This brain tissue seemed to cause a general desire for something ne
32、w. “What I was seeing,“ he says, “was the urge to do stuff.“ Panksepp called this seeking. To neuropsychologist Mark Solms of University College in London, that sounds very much like libido. “Freud needed some sort of general, appetitive desire to seek pleasure in the world of objects,“ says Solms.
33、“Panksepp discovered as a neuroscientist what Freud discovered psychologically.“ Solms studied the same region of the brain for his work on dreams. Since the 1970s, neurologists have known that dreaming takes place during a particular form of sleep known as REM rapid eye movementwhich is associated
34、with a primitive part of the brain known as the pons. Accordingly, they regarded dreaming as a low-level phenomenon of no great psychological interest. When Solms looked into it, though, it turned out that the key structure involved in dreaming was actually the ventral tegmental, the same structure
35、that Panksepp had identified as the seat of the “seeking“ emotion. Dreams, it seemed, originate with the libidowhich is just what Freud had believed. Freuds psychological map may have been flawed in many ways, but it also happens to be the most coherent and, from the standpoint of individual experie
36、nce, meaningful theory of the mind. “Freud should be placed in the same category as Darwin, who lived before the discovery of genes, “ says Panksepp. “Freud gave us a vision of a mental apparatus. We need to talk about it, develop it, test it.“ Perhaps its not a matter of proving Freud wrong or righ
37、t, but of finishing the job.（分数：10.00）(1).Freud believed that aggression and libido（分数：2.00）A.were the only two sources of psychic energy.B.could sometimes surface in our conscious life.C.affected our behaviour unconsciously.D.could appear clearly in our dreams.(2).Which of the following terms is eq
38、uivalent to what Freud called libido?（分数：2.00）A.Emotion.B.Lust.C.Seeking.D.Urge(3).Jaak Panksepps study on a mouse proves that the seeking drive（分数：2.00）A.originates in the limbic system.B.involves parts of the forebrain.C.controls how we respond to stimulus.D.exists in many other animals.(4).Accord
39、ing to Mark Solms, dreaming（分数：2.00）A.takes place during the whole sleeping period.B.involves a primitive part of the brain known as the pons.C.is closely related to the “seeking“ emotion.D.starts at the same time as libido appears.(5).It can be inferred that Freud and Darwin are similar in that the
40、ir theories（分数：2.00）A.have long been discredited.B.provide good guide for further research.C.are placed in the same category.D.are concerned about human being.4.Part B_The U.S. space agency, NASA, is planning to launch a satellite that scientists hope will answer fundamental questions about the orig
41、in and destiny of our universe. 1 The prevailing theory of the universes origin, the “Big Bang“ theory, says all matter and energy were once compressed into a tiny point. The density and resulting temperature were so enormous that, about 13-to-15-billion years ago by current estimates, a mighty expl
42、osion flung the matter hurtling outward in all directions. 2. They also ask, is the expansion accelerating? Will the universe collapse? What is its shape? Scientists will seek explanations with NASAs new Microwave Anisotropy Probe, abbreviated as MAP. 3. “MAP will take the ultimate baby picture, an
43、image of the infant universe taken in the fossil light that is still present from the Big Bang,“ he says. “This glow, this radiation, is the oldest light in the universe. Imprinted on this background, physicists knew, would be the secrets of the Big Bang itself.“ This background radiation is the lig
44、ht and heat that the early cosmic soup of matter emitted. Once roiling hot, it has cooled over the eons to just a few degrees above absolute zero. It was once thought to be distributed evenly. But in 1992, a highly sensitive NASA satellite named COBE detected nearly imperceptible variations in tempe
45、rature as tiny as 30-millionths of a degree. 4. “These patterns result from tiny concentrations that were in the very early universe that were the seeds that grew to become the stars and the galaxies that we see today,“ he says. “The tiny patterns in the light hold the keys for understanding the his
46、tory, the content, the shape, and the ultimate fate of our universe. “ 5. Princeton University scientist David Spergel says MAP will give us a much more accurate matter count than we have now. “Right now, we want to measure something like the matter-density of the universe,“ he says. “Today, we can
47、estimate that to a factor of two. Thats pretty good. What we want to do is be able to measure it to about the three-percent level, which is what MAP will be capable of doing. “ To do its job, the $ 145 million MAP spacecraft will settle into an orbit 1.5 million kilometers from the Earth. This is wh
48、ere the Earths and Suns gravitational pull are equal, and well past the range of the Earths own obscuring microwave radiation. While the older COBE satellite measured just a small part of the sky, Chalrles Bennett says MAP will scan the entire sky at 1,000 times better resolution. “The patterns that MAP measures are extremely difficult to measure,“ he says, “MAP will be measuring millionths of a degree temperature
