1、考研英语（一）-试卷 4 及答案解析(总分：144.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Scientists around the world are racing to learn how to rapidly diagnose, treat and s
2、top the spread of a new, deadly disease. SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome was【C1】_for the first time in February 2003 in Hanoi, 【C2】_since then has infected more than 1, 600 people in 15 countries, killing 63. At this【C3】_there are more questions than answers surrounding the disease. Symptoms
3、start【C4】_a fever over 100. 4 degrees F, chills, headache or body【C5】_Within a week, the patient has a dry cough, which might【C6】_to shortness of breath. In 10% to 20% of cases, patients require【C7】_ventilation to breathe. About 3.5% die from the disease. Symptoms【C8】_begin in two to seven days, but
4、 some reports suggest it【C9】_take as long as 10 days. Scientists are close to【C10】_a lab test to diagnose SARS. In the meantime, it is diagnosed by its symptoms. There is no evidence【C11】_antibiotics or anti-viral medicines help, 【C12】_doctors can offer only supportive care. Patients with SARS are k
5、ept in isolation to reduce the risk of【C13】_Scientists aren“t sure yet, but some researchers think it“s a【C14】_discovered corona-virus, the family of viruses that cause some common colds. Most cases appear to have been passed【C15】_droplets expelled when infected patients cough or sneeze. Family memb
6、ers of infected people and medical workers who care for them have been most likely to【C16】_the illness. But recent developments in Hong Kong suggest that the【C17】_might spread through air, or that the virus might【C18】_for two to three hours on doorknobs or other【C19】_Health experts say it is【C20】_,
7、though, that sharing an elevator briefly with an infected person would be enough to pass the virus.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.detectedB.caughtC.disclosedD.revealed(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.butB.andC.orD.yet(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.timeB.pointC.aspectD.instance(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.fromB.overC.uponD.with(5).【C5】（分
8、数：2.00）A.hurtB.soreC.achesD.feelings(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.processB.advanceC.progressD.convert(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.automaticB.artificialC.mechanicalD.controlled(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.regularlyB.ordinarilyC.traditionallyD.generally(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.willB.mightC.shouldD.must(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.cultivatingB.fo
9、steringC.developingD.designing(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.whichB.thatC.whetherD.what(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.soB.butC.stillD.yet(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.communicationB.transportationC.transformationD.transmission(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.latelyB.newbornC.newlyD.renewed(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.underB.throughC.beneathD.from(
10、16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.acquireB.receiveC.obtainD.contract(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.ailmentB.ill-healthC.diseaseD.infection(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.continueB.lingerC.delayD.persist(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.exteriorsB.outsideC.surfacesD.coverings(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.probablyB.obviouslyC.unlikelyD.clearly二、Reading Comp
11、rehensio(总题数：10，分数：60.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._In the last ten years, the Internet has opened up incredible amounts of information to ordinary citizens. But using the Intern
12、et can be like walking into a library where the books are all lying on the floor in piles. While tools like Google allow some structured search, much of the data from such searches is outdated or of questionable value. Some Web enthusiasts have taken up the task of organizing information through a d
13、emocratic means that only the Internet allows: an encyclopedia of the people, by the people, and completely free to copy and distribute. This “people“s encyclopedia“ of the Web a free site called Wikipedia has provided a unique solution by inviting individuals to participate in the process of ration
14、alizing and updating Web content. At the heart of this movement are wikis, Web sites that allow users to directly edit any Web page with one click of the mouse. Wikipedia the largest example of these collaborative efforts is a functioning, user-contributed online encyclopedia that has become a popul
15、ar and highly regarded reference in just three years of existence. The goal of Wikipedia was to create an encyclopedia that could be shared and copied freely while encouraging people to change and improve the content. Each and every article has an “Edit this page“ button, allowing anyone, even anony
16、mous passers-by, to add or delete any content on the page. It seems like a recipe for disaster and chaos, but it has produced surprisingly credible content that has been evaluated and revised by the thousands of international visitors to the site. For many, it finally realizes the original concept o
17、f World Wide Web creator Tim Berners-Lee an online environment where people not only browse content, but freely and actively exchange information. The Wikipedia project was started by Jimmy Wales, head of Internet startup Bomis. com, after his original project for a volunteer, but strictly controlle
18、d, free encyclopedia ran out of money and resources after two years. Editors with PhD degrees were at the helm of the project then, but it produced only a few hundred articles. Not wanting the content to languish, Wales placed the pages on a wiki website in January 2001 and invited any Internet visi
19、tors to edit or add to the collection. The site became a runaway success in the first year and gained a loyal following, generating over 20, 000 articles and spawning over a dozen language translations. After two years, it had 100, 000 articles, and in April 2004, it exceeded 250,000 articles in Eng
20、lish and 600,000 articles in 50 other languages. Over 2,000 new articles are added each day across all the various languages. And according to website rankings at Alexa. com, it has become more popular than traditional online encyclopedias such as Britannica. com and is one of the top 600 most heavi
21、ly visited websites on the Internet.（分数：10.00）(1).The author called Wikipedia “people“s encyclopedia“ because（分数：2.00）A.it is accessible to all the passers-by.B.it can be edited by everyone.C.it is run by ordinary people.D.it is built to the taste of common citizens.(2).What“s the goal of Wikipedia
22、according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.To create a people“s encyclopedia that is free to share and copy.B.To produce a credible and authoritative reference tool.C.To create an online environment where people freely exchange information.D.To create a volunteer, but strictly controlled, free encyclopedia.(3
23、).The word “languish“ (Line 4, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to（分数：2.00）A.wither.B.abort.C.lose vigor.D.lose appeal.(4).According to the text, Jimmy Wales initiated Wikipedia project in order to（分数：2.00）A.create a people“s encyclopedia.B.produce huge amounts of articles.C.make available resources u
24、seful again.D.promote a wiki website.(5).Which of the following is true about Wikipedia?（分数：2.00）A.It has once run into trouble.B.There existed disaster and chaos in the beginning.C.Many articles of it are outdated or of questionable value.D.It has been a great success from the beginning.With 22 yea
25、rs on the job, Jackie Bracey could be considered a career employee of the Internal Revenue Service. But she defies any stereotype of an over-eager agent running down a reluctant taxpayer. Instead, she spends her time defending people who owe the government money. Ms. Bracey, based in Greensboro N.C.
26、 , is a taxpayer advocate, created by Congress in 1998 as part of the kinder, gentler theme adopted by the tax collection agency. Bracey and advocates at 73 other offices nationwide, backed by 2, 100 field workers and staff, go to bat for taxpayers who are in financial straits because of something t
27、he agency has done or is about to do. Though it may seem contrary to the IRS, the advocate service not only helps taxpayers, but identifies procedural problems. The main goal, though, is for the ombudsman to step into a dispute a taxpayer is having with the IRS when it appears that something the IRS
28、 is doing, or planning, would create an undue hardship on the taxpayer. This can range from speeding up resolution of a dispute that has dragged on too long, to demanding that the IRS halt a collection action that the taxpayer can show he or she “is suffering or is about to suffer a significant hard
29、ship. “ Taxpayer ombudsmen have been around in one form or another since 1979, says Nina Olson, the national taxpayer advocate. But they were given much more power in 1998 when Congress decided that the workers would no longer report to regional directors but to her office. While this gave them a gr
30、eat deal more authority, outside watchdogs say more can be done. “There is a long way to go to get an agency that feels independent and emboldened to work for taxpayers, “ says Joe Seep, a vice president of the Washington-based tax-advocacy group. The taxpayers union also has complained that Congres
31、s and the Bush administration don“t seem to be taking the advocates seriously enough. Each year, the IRS group reports to Congress on the top problems that advocates see. Many of these are systemic problems that can gum up the works for both taxpayer and collector, such as a December notice from Ms.
32、 Olson that the IRS should have just one definition of a dependent child, rather than the three definitions currently used. While taxpayer advocates can help smooth things out in many cases, they cannot ignore laws. If taxpayers haven“t made legitimate claims for credits, there“s nothing the advocat
33、e can do to reverse that course. And Olson says that while taxpayers are free to use her service, they should keep in mind that it does not replace the normal appeals process and should be the last place a citizen calls upon for help, not the first. “We“re really there for when the processes fall do
34、wn, “she says. Every state has at least one taxpayer-advocate service office.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, the main task of tax advocates is（分数：2.00）A.to chase and collect tax from reluctant taxpayers.B.to cooperate with field workers and support staff.C.to help taxpayers and find problems in
35、 IRS work.D.to negotiate with National Taxpayers Union.(2).The advocate service “may seem contrary to the IRS“ (Line 1, Para. 2) because（分数：2.00）A.it works for the National Taxpayers Union.B.it often finds faults with their own work.C.it speeds up a collection action.D.it always criticizes IRS on be
36、half of taxpayers.(3).According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is correct?（分数：2.00）A.Taxpayer ombudsmen have been around and given much power since 1979.B.Taxpayers had to report to the regional directors before 1998.C.Taxpayers have no worries since 1998.D.More efforts are needed before an
37、independent agency is established.(4).The phrase “gum up the works“ (Line 3, Para. 4) probably means（分数：2.00）A.to impair the benefits.B.to bring about solutions.C.to lead to trouble.D.to improve the relations.(5).When Olson says “We“re really there for when the processes fall down “(Line 4, Para. 5)
38、, she means that（分数：2.00）A.they will provide help whenever taxpayers make claims.B.they will get involved in the normal appeals process.C.they will offer counseling when a citizen calls.D.they will give help when procedural problems occur.Fate has not been kind to the western grey whale. Its numbers
39、 have dwindled to 130 or so, leaving it “critically endangered“ in the eyes of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. Fishing-nets, speeding ships, pollution and coastal development threaten the few that remain. Most recently, drilling for oil and gas in their main summer feeding gr
40、ounds, near Sakhalin island off Russia“s Pacific coast, has brought fresh risks for the luckless creatures. Yet the rush to develop Sakhalin“s offshore fields may yet be the saviour of the species. When drilling was first discussed in the 1990s, there were muted complaints. When a consortium called
41、Sakhalin Energy, led by Royal Dutch Shell, announced plans to build an oil platform and lay pipelines in the only bay where the whales were known to congregate, these protests proliferated. In response, the consortium established an independent panel to advise it on how best to protect the whales an
42、d promised to fund its work. It subsequently agreed to change the route of the pipeline at the panel“s suggestion, although it refused to move the platform, as other critics had demanded. It also agreed either to follow the panel“s recommendations in future or to explain publicly why it was rejectin
43、g them. The platforms and pipelines are now complete. Sakhalin Energy exported its first cargo of liquefied natural gas last week. The project, says Shell, is an engineering triumph and a commercial success despite all the controversy. But has it been a success for the whales? Sakhalin Energy says t
44、heir number seems to be growing by 2. 5% a year, although Ian Craig, the firm“s boss, admits that the cause might be greater scrutiny rather than population growth. The scientists on the panel still seem worried. They complain that the firm has not always provided the information they need to assess
45、 the threat to the whales. It also has not always followed advice, the scientists“ advice about how noisy construction might scare the animals away, for example, or the speed that boats should travel to minimize the risk of hitting the whales. The scientists warn that the loss of just a few fertile
46、females would be enough to tip the population into irrevocable decline. Last summer, there seemed to be far fewer whales around than normal. On the other hand, the panel knows this only because Sakhalin Energy funds lots of research on the whales. As a result, it has discovered that they have a wide
47、r range than originally thought, which might explain why so few of them showed up off Sakhalin island last year. Therefore, it is hard to escape the conclusion that, for creatures with a lot as sorry as the western grey whale, a nearby oil project is something of a blessing.（分数：10.00）(1).Why are Sak
48、halin“s offshore oil and gas projects regarded as risks for the western grey whale?（分数：2.00）A.Because they instantly endanger the animal“s summer habitat.B.Because drilling for oil and gas may cause new pollution to the sea.C.Because they need more ships which are dangerous to the animal.D.Because offshore development may result in more harm.(2).To ease the protest against its projects, Sakhalin Energy（分数：2.00）A.moved its platform from the bay where the whales congregate.B.established a panel to be in charge of it
