1、考研英语（一）-试卷 184及答案解析(总分：144.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_By the end of the Middle Ages the technological systems called cities had long sinc
2、e become a central feature of Western life. In 1600 London and Amsterdam each had【B1】_ of more than 100,000, and twice that number【B2】_ in Paris.【B3】_,the Dutch, English, Spanish, and French were beginning to establish, 【B4】_ empires. Colonialism and trade【B5】_ a powerful merchant class that helped
3、to create an increasing【B6】_ for such luxuries as wine, coffee, tea, cocoa, and tobacco. These merchants【B7】_ a style of life aspired to by the wider populace.【B8】_ the beginning of the 18th century, capital resources and banking systems were well enough【B9】_ in Great Britain to initiate investment
4、in mass-production techniques that would【B10】_ some of these middle-class aspirations. The Industrial Revolution commenced in England, 【B11】_ that nation had the technological 【B12】_, government encouragement, and a large and varied trade network. The first factories appeared in 1740,【B13】_ textile
5、production. In 1740 the【B14】_ of English people wore woolen garments, but【B15】_ the next 100 years the rough, often unhealthy woolens were【B16】_ by cottonespecially【B17】_ the invention of the machine by Eli Whitney, an American, in 1793. One of the most important innovations in the weaving process w
6、as【B18】_ in France in 1801 by Joseph Jacquard. This use of punched cards inspired the British mathematician Charles Babbage to attempt to【B19】_ a calculating machine based on the same principle.【B20】_ this machine never became fully practical, it foretold the great computer revolution of the 20th ce
7、ntury.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.populationsB.peoplesC.inhabitantsD.individuals(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）A.residedB.invadedC.settledD.accommodated(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）A.AgainB.InsteadC.ThusD.Also(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.vastB.globalC.primitiveD.secure(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）A.urgedB.preferredC.contributedD.produced(6).【B6】
8、（分数：2.00）A.dreamB.desireC.illusionD.imagination(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）A.setB.startedC.reachedD.took(8).【B8】（分数：2.00）A.UntilB.UponC.DuringD.By(9).【B9】（分数：2.00）A.restoredB.eliminatedC.weakenedD.established(10).【B10】（分数：2.00）A.serveB.upsetC.satisfyD.honor(11).【B11】（分数：2.00）A.in caseB.ifC.becauseD.so long as(
9、12).【B12】（分数：2.00）A.methodB.meansC.mediumD.measure(13).【B13】（分数：2.00）A.concentrating onB.absorbed inC.dealing withD.restricted to(14).【B14】（分数：2.00）A.hostB.bulkC.magnitudeD.gross(15).【B15】（分数：2.00）A.withinB.beforeC.betweenD.among(16).【B16】（分数：2.00）A.threatenedB.replacedC.defendedD.supplemented(17).【
10、B17】（分数：2.00）A.afterB.sinceC.forD.as(18).【B18】（分数：2.00）A.selectedB.recommendedC.introducedD.presented(19).【B19】（分数：2.00）A.revealB.designC.chooseD.predict(20).【B20】（分数：2.00）A.SupposingB.AlthoughC.ProvidedD.When二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：60.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirection
11、s: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._The CLBCthe Central London Broadcasting Corporationsteals from the rest of the country by taking its money and spending it on itself. Provincials have noted this for years, but now there are signs that t
12、he shrugged “what did you expect?“ patience is wearing thin. Just as it clearly has in Scotland. The Scots, whether formally separate or not, are going to insist on a new settlement. This is a difficult moment for BBC senior management. Facing a hostile government, it is being squeezed financially j
13、ust as media globalisation and technical transformation challenge its traditional model. But this revolt of the provincial peasants will grow. The London aristocrats fawning at court could be in trouble. London is a centripetal force sucking the life out of the rest of Britain. For centuries, it has
14、 been dominant, as most capitals are, but until recently there were other capitals, proudly representing the other regions, with their own culture, political stance and achievements. People came to London to make their names or their fortunes, but most stayed, rooted in their own provincial world. M
15、ost still do, but the Londoncentric BBC does not recognise it. In fact, the BBC has known all this for years, but it is drawn into the vortex, even though it knows it cannot afford to ignore the rest of the country. Its response is tokenism. Policy wont change until attitudes change, from recruitmen
16、t, to where creative people are based, to who is allowed on the air. We do have the occasional regional voice, in its Sunday Best. For years, the attitudes offered to us have been ones of metropolitan superiority. People in the provinces have appeared on screen patronised by stylish southerners who
17、occasionally venture north, like visiting anthropologists, to investigate the habits of the weird natives. Their lives are editorialised by the southerners, filtered and interpreted. What current affairs programmes come from anywhere but central London? Oh, but if they came from Birmingham or Leeds,
18、 no one would watch them? Well, virtually no one watches Newsnight, but that doesnt stop it boring us with the usual metropolitan talking heads. My response is that the BBC has a pre-eminent responsibility to swim against the tide, to reach out to everyone and engage in a truly national conversation
19、. To be a platform for the whole country. A stage for the exploration of our culture, culturein its richest sense. An institution everyone feels they own, one that represents them. It could yet become the catalyst for the whole nations rediscovery of its cultural and economic wealth. It would certai
20、nly remind Londoners that the peasants dont live in caves. Even though they talk funny.（分数：10.00）(1).We learn from Paragraphs 1 and 2 that the response of the public to the CLBC has been（分数：2.00）A.care-free.B.confused.C.sensible.D.agitated.(2).The author implies in Paragraph 3 that BBC（分数：2.00）A.is
21、enthusiastic about its legal rights.B.sticks to its political standpoints.C.leans towards the culture of London.D.is overshadowed by other companies.(3).The example of Sunday Best is cited as an example of BBCs（分数：2.00）A.restrictions on its broadcasters.B.practice of making a symbolic effort.C.empha
22、sis upon the rest of the country.D.involvement in a delicate situation.(4).The author holds that current affairs programmes on BBC（分数：2.00）A.show a marginalized lifestyle.B.feature distorted images.C.spotlight the Northern regions.D.thrill its targeted audiences.(5).In the last paragraph, the author
23、 shows his appreciation of（分数：2.00）A.BBCs revolutionary function.B.accumulation of economic wealth.C.BBCs international influence.D.coverage of the whole nation.What once was considered “pie in the sky“ is slowly becoming law. In New York, state legislators just agreed to raise the state minimum wag
24、e to $ 15 an hour, with the full effect beginning in New York City by December 2018. How did this reform go from being scorned as “extreme“ to being enacted? Consensus politicians dont champion it. Pundits and chattering heads tend to ignore it. Many liberal economists deride it as too radical. The
25、idea moved only because workers and allies organized and demanded the change. Contrary to the business lobby, an analysis by economists at the University of California at Berkeley shows that New Yorks increases will not lead to job losses. The higher wages will generate billions in new consumer spen
26、ding; the increased sales will offset the costs to businesses. In Seattle, the unemployment rate reached an eight-year low after the initial increases in the minimum wage last year. This movement continues to build. The Fight for $ 15 and Good Jobs Nation initiatives will ratchet up their walkouts a
27、nd demonstrations this month. On Monday, an interfaith coalition of religious leaders issued a call for “ moral action on the economy.“ They will press presidential candidates to pledge to “ issue an executive order to make sure taxpayer dollars reward model employers that pay a living wage of at le
28、ast $ 15 an hour, provide decent benefits and allow workers to organize without retaliation.“ As Jim Winkler, general secretary of the National Council of Churches, summarized:“ This election is fundamentally about whether the next president is willing to take transformative executive action to clos
29、e the gap between the wealthy and workers.“ Sanders has made $ 15 and a union a centerpiece of his campaign. He has urged Obama to take executive action and surely will sign the pledge. Hillary Clinton supports raising the minimum wage to $ 12.50, allowing cities to go higher. Her position on the pl
30、edge is unknown. The Republican candidatesSen. Ted Cruz ( R - Tex.) , Donald Trump and Ohio Gov. John Kasichoppose raising the minimum wage and would likely repeal Obamas executive orders on low-wage contract workers if elected. With inequality reaching record extremes, childhood poverty the worst i
31、n the industrial world and more Americans struggling simply to stay afloat, this country is desperately in need of bold reform. Yet bold ideas are repeatedly mocked as unrealistic and blocked by entrenched interests and conservative politicians. What the activists and low-wage workers have shown wit
32、h their fight for $ 15 is that the changes we need will come if people organize and force them. Many commentators deride Sanderss call for a political revolution, but that may be the most realistic idea of them all.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the first two paragraphs, the reform concerning the minimu
33、m wage was inspired by（分数：2.00）A.advocates of liberal economists.B.passions of gossiping intellectuals.C.oppositions of radical politicians.D.efforts of workers and allies.(2).Paragraph 3 suggests that（分数：2.00）A.increased wages may incur greater losses to businesses.B.a high unemployment rate will r
34、esult in inflation.C.raised wages can reduce the risks of business investment.D.businesses view the movement with disapproval.(3).We can learn from Paragraph 4 that raising the minimum wage to $ 15 an hour（分数：2.00）A.received acclaim from employers.B.will gather sustainable strength.C.constituted par
35、t of a political issue.D.can raise families out of poverty.(4).The views of Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump on the minimum wage are（分数：2.00）A.opposite.B.overlapping.C.identical.D.complementary.(5).In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of（分数：2.00）A.Americans survival skills.B.a de
36、ep contempt for politicians.C.aggressive executive actions.D.special interests groups.Conventional wisdom holds that Millennials are entitled, easily distracted, impatient, self-absorbed, lazy, and unlikely to stay in any job for long. On the positive side, theyre also looking for purpose, feedback,
37、 and personal life balance in their work. Companies of all kinds are obsessed with understanding them better. The fascination with Millennials has given rise to a new consulting industry. Hundreds of firms, speakers, authors and individual experts are competing for a share of the “Millennials are Di
38、fferent“ segment of the $ 150 billion-a-year global HR consulting market. Theres even a consultancy that specializes in helping other consultants hone their message to tap into this lucrative market,. While concise descriptions of what makes Millennials unique are presented as self -evident and seem
39、 to have a ring of truth to them, very few are supported with solid empirical research. On the contrary, a growing body of evidence suggests that employees of all ages are much more alike than different in their attitudes and values at work. To the extent that any gaps do exist, they amount to small
40、 differences that have always existed between younger and older workers throughout history and have little to do with the Millennial generation per se. In the research presented in our 2002 book, The Human Capital Edge, Ira Kay and I found that whether one looks across generation, race, or gender em
41、ployees have generally wanted the same things from work. Four key questions continue to recur when employees are deciding whether to join, give their best effort or stay at an organization. And they appear to stand the test of time: Is this a winning organization I can be proud of? Employees want to
42、 be proud of the organization they work for. They want to work for a successful, high-performing company and for leaders with a blend of competence, integrity and vision. Can I maximize my performance on the job? Virtually all employees want to be able to do a good job. That means working in an envi
43、ronment that will make the most of their skills and which provides the resources, information, authority and training necessary to perform at their best. Are people treated well economically and interpersonally? People want to work in an inclusive environment where they are respected, valued and tre
44、ated fairly. They want their opinions to count, and they want their contributions recognized and rewarded both financially and psychologically. Is the work itself fulfilling and enjoyable? Everyone wants to enjoy the work they do and the people with whom they work. They also want to derive a sense o
45、f meaning and purpose from what they do every day. Companies that create environments in which employees answer each of these four questions with a resounding “Yes“-regardless of their generation-are those most likely to win the war for talent.（分数：10.00）(1).The behaviors of Millennials may be genera
46、lly described as（分数：2.00）A.reserved.B.singular.C.ambitious.D.impulsive.(2).We learn from Paragraph 2 that consultancy businesses（分数：2.00）A.intend to expand their market.B.try but in vain to study Millennials.C.strive to reap handsome rewards.D.have been booming for a long time.(3).Which of the follo
47、wing can be inferred about Millennials from Paragraphs 3 and 4?（分数：2.00）A.They are subject to groundless doubts.B.Their differences may be overestimated.C.They always fall victim to bias.D.Their reputation is seriously damaged.(4).The text suggests that Millennials would be most attracted by（分数：2.00
48、）A.the glamour of their prospective leaders.B.the chances to enhance their performance.C.the purpose in their meaningful work.D.the favorable environment of organizations.(5).The author seems to be mainly concerned with most companies strategies（分数：2.00）A.to source and manage talent.B.to survive intense competitions.C.to detect cross-generational differences.D.to accept stereotypes about Millennials.There is no place in the country that will be more affected by the Supreme Court battle over President Obama
