1、考研英语（一）-试卷 182 及答案解析(总分：144.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_For centuries, men and women have worked tirelessly to fit the physical molds of t
2、heir time. Diets, which have【B1】_ from the【B2】_ to the colorful and kind of silly, have【B3】_ a wide range of resultsand all sorts of followings. Not long ago, the Atkins diet made carbohydrates wicked and convinced millions to【B4】_ starches of any kind. Today, the Paleo diet, which means to【B5】_ the
3、 eating habits and digestive systems of ancient humans who lived for many【B6】_ years than people on average do today, is【B7】_ the most popularor at least talked about dietary fad. Soon there will be another fad that the dieting sweeps【B8】_ . And another one. The question that seems to revolve【B9】_ a
4、ll this diet talk is whether any of the【B10】_ weight loss schemes has worked. If one had, shouldnt it have【B11】_ the test of time? And if weve gone this long【B12】_ a diet that has been shown to work according to science, not simply the sellers of the fadwill one ever emerge【B13】_ actually does? The
5、short answer is no, according to Traci Mann, who has been studying eating【B14】_, self-control and dieting for more than 20 years. 【B15】_ the course of her research, largely 【B16】_ at the University of Minnesotas Health and Eating Lab, Mann has【B17】_ asked these sorts of questions, and always found t
6、he same【B18】_ answers. Her findings, introduced in her newly published book Secrets from the Eating Lab, offer a fascinating【B19】_ for why dieting over the long term is actually【B20】_.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.coveredB.rangedC.changedD.differed(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）A.ingeniousB.mischievousC.straightfo
7、rwardD.controversial(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）A.producedB.reflectedC.obtainedD.indicated(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.emphasizeB.neglectC.prohibitD.avoid(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）A.surpassB.dismissC.ignoreD.admire(6).【B6】（分数：2.00）A.fewerB.earlierC.moreD.later(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）A.stillB.otherwiseC.neverD.perhaps(8).【B8】（分数：2.00）A.
8、lectureB.debateC.conversationD.negotiation(9).【B9】（分数：2.00）A.aboveB.overC.beyondD.around(10).【B10】（分数：2.00）A.multipleB.surplusC.excessiveD.particular(11).【B11】（分数：2.00）A.survivedB.experiencedC.undertakenD.highlighted(12).【B12】（分数：2.00）A.withB.forC.withoutD.after(13).【B13】（分数：2.00）A.asB.thanC.whatD.t
9、hat(14).【B14】（分数：2.00）A.routinesB.habitsC.customsD.practices(15).【B15】（分数：2.00）A.InB.OffC.AmongD.Over(16).【B16】（分数：2.00）A.inspiredB.expressedC.conductedD.secured(17).【B17】（分数：2.00）A.constantlyB.repeatedlyC.habituallyD.irregularly(18).【B18】（分数：2.00）A.disappointingB.enlighteningC.misleadingD.promising
10、(19).【B19】（分数：2.00）A.explanationB.assessmentC.determinationD.investigation(20).【B20】（分数：2.00）A.oppositeB.averageC.substantialD.impossible二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：60.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text b
11、y choosing A, B, C or D._Two models have spoken out about the pressures they faced to stay skinny, shining a light on the continued body image issues faced by the fashion industry. Erin Heatherton, a former Victorias Secret model, has revealed that she was pressurised to lose weight by the fashion h
12、ouse. Model Rosie Nelson, who had a similar experience to Heatherton, adds that the issue is made more problematic by the disconnect between what the public think modelling involves and the reality of it. “ People think its really glamorous and luxurious, with loads of freebies and getting paid mill
13、ions. That s not the case. Theres an underlying pressure to stay thin and the thought that you will be rejected if your hips are too big.“ She said the industry sees models as “interchangable coat hangers“ , writing that the key to success is the ability to stay a size 0-2 throughout your career. “Y
14、oung models learn about it the hard way,“ she wrote. “If an agency catches the smallest weight gain, you are measured, told to lose weight immediately and reprimanded.“ Caryn Franklin, former co-editor of ID magazine and currently professor of Diversity at Kingston University, says that there is a c
15、ulture of denial around the issue meaning that the fashion industry does not see what effect it is having in the wider world. “Women are made to self-objectify because they see objectification in fashion,“ she says. “Young women who have been engaging with fashion since they were seven or eight year
16、s old have been taught to see themselves as an exterior.“ Franklin adds that 30 years ago, models were shorter and bodies were more realistically proportioned. “Now the industry standard height is 5ft 11 in but the measurements that designers make to their samples havent changed. The taller model th
17、erefore is under pressure to reduce her body accordingly.“ The testimony of Heatherton and Nelson comes days after a bill in California, aimed at reducing eating disorders among models, cleared its first legal hurdle. The bill, which requires the state to develop health standards for models in the s
18、tate, passed the Assembly Labour and Employment Committee. “The goal of the bill is not only to protect the health of the workers themselves, but also to help young people to emulate the models,“ said Democratic politician Marc Levine, who authored it. Last December, France banned excessively thin m
19、odels, partly as a response to the death of Isabelle Caro, a 28-year-old model who died of an eating disorder (anorexia). In 2012, Israel passed a law banning underweight models, and Italy and Spain have taken similar measures. Nelson is hopeful that through a new generation of designers such as Nas
20、ir Mazhir, who streetcasts his models, there will be a change.（分数：10.00）(1).Two models exposes a lifestyle characterized by（分数：2.00）A.an unknown luxury.B.extra benefits.C.an enviable image.D.extreme stress.(2).It can inferred from Rosie Nelson s remarks that models（分数：2.00）A.are often treated with g
21、reat severity.B.no longer live under peer pressure.C.pursue perfect physical conditions.D.are only too eager to lose weight.(3).Caryn Franklin believes that the fashion industry（分数：2.00）A.disregard any oncoming objections.B.are cautious about model-selecting.C.fail to realize its real problems.D.are
22、 objective about ultra-thin models.(4).The bill in California is mainly intended to（分数：2.00）A.guide the followers of fashions.B.promote the health of models.C.set an example for other countries.D.establish moral standards for models.(5).From the text we learn that Nasir Mazhir（分数：2.00）A.is particula
23、r about models.B.poses a threat the industry.C.would adopt new samples.D.is obliged to abide by laws.The U. S. government dropped its court fight against Apple after it successfully pulled data from the iPhone of San Bernardino gunman Syed Farook, according to court records. The development on Monda
24、y effectively ended a six-week legal battle poised to shape digital privacy for years to come. Instead, Silicon Valley and Washington are poised to return to a cold war over the balance between privacy and law enforcement in the age of apps. “The government has now successfully accessed the data sto
25、red on Farooks iPhone and therefore no longer requires the assistance from Apple Inc,“ the government said. It then asked the court to vacate a 16 February court order demanding Apple create software that weakened iPhone security settings to aid government investigators. On a conference call with re
26、porters that the Department of Justice organized, a law enforcement official declined to offer details on the technique other than to say that it came from outside the government. The Guardian has reported that the technique used by the government has been classified. The official also declined to s
27、ay if the government would share the technique which likely exploits a security glitch in the phone-with Apple. Doing so would presumably cause the company to patch the security flaw. This leaves the Justice Department with a difficult choice: make all iPhones more secure from other hackers and gove
28、rnments who know how to get inside, or preserve an investigative technique. Apple fought the February court order with a massive public relations and legal campaign. The company, Americas most valuable, argued that creating such software would force the company to betray its values along with the se
29、curity and privacy of all of its customers.Apples CEO Tim Cook argued that if Apple were forced to reengineer its products, it would open a Pandora s box that could give the government outsized control over how Silicon Valley makes its products. The case forced public leaders from Barack Obama to Bi
30、ll Gates to declare where they stood on the balance between privacy and national security. It also kicked lawmakers into high gear to craft legislation governing a new generation of devices and messaging services that rely on strong encryption to protect user privacy. “It remains a priority for the
31、government to ensure that law enforcement can obtain crucial digital information to protect national security and public safety, either with cooperation from relevant parties or through the court system when cooperation fails,“ Justice Department spokeswoman Melanie Newman said.（分数：10.00）(1).It can
32、be inferred from Paragraph 1 that Silicon Valley and Washington are both（分数：2.00）A.confronted with a delicate situation.B.enthusiastic about early compromises.C.caught in a desperate plight.D.exposed to publics severe criticisms.(2).It is indicated in Paragraph 3 that the technique（分数：2.00）A.belongs
33、 to the patent of Apple.B.weakens the authority of investigators.C.remains unknown to the outsiders.D.strengthens iPhone security settings.(3).The word “glitch“ (Para. 4) is closest in meaning to（分数：2.00）A.effective mechanism.B.sudden malfunction.C.business vision.D.faulty browsing.(4).Tim Cook show
34、s his concern that（分数：2.00）A.national security may outweigh privacy.B.digital technology will run out of control.C.user privacy cannot be effectively protected.D.the power of government will go unchecked.(5).It can be inferred from Melanie Newman s remarks that（分数：2.00）A.security legislation should
35、be introduced.B.digital devices are immune to legal challenges.C.governments decisiveness is essential to security.D.cooperation may pave the way for balance.On his deathbed in 1638, John Harvard bequeathed half of his estate, about natives give it solidarity and continuity; but the settlers give it
36、 passion. And whether it is a farmer arriving from Italy to set up a small grocery in a slum, or a young girl arriving from a small town in Mississippi to escape the indignity of being observed by neighbors, or a boy arriving from the Corn Belt with a manuscript in his suitcase and a pain in his hea
37、rt, it makes no difference;【F3】 each embraces New York with intense excitement of first love, each absorbs New York with fresh eyes of an adventurer, each generates heat and light to dwarf the Consolidated Edison Company. The commuter is the queerest bird of all. The suburb he inhabits has no essent
38、ial vitality of its own and is a mere roost where he comes at the days end to go to sleep. Except in rare cases, the man who lives in Mamaroneck or Little Neck or Teaneck, and works in New York, discovers nothing much about the city except the time of arrival and departure of trains and buses, and t
39、he path to a quick lunch.【F4】 He has fished in Manhattan wallet and dug out coins, but has never listened to Manhattans breathing, never awakened to its morning, never dropped off to sleep in its night. The terrain of New York is such that a resident sometimes travels faster, in the end, than a comm
40、uter.【F5】 The journey of the composer Irving Berlin from Cherry Street in the lower East Side to an apartment uptown was through an alley and was only three or four miles in length; but it was like going three times around the world. （分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4
41、).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_三、Writing(总题数：5，分数：4.00)7.Section III Writing_8.Part ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information._9.Suppose one of your close friends, Mr. Zhang, has been hospitalized for one week. Write a letter of consolation to
42、him. Your writing should include: 1) your reaction and 2) your best wishes. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)（分数：2.00）_10.Part BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information._11.Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which y
43、ou should 1) describe the drawing, 2) interpret its intended meaning, and 3) give your comments. You should write 160200 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points) （分数：2.00）_考研英语（一）-试卷 182 答案解析(总分：144.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the fol
44、lowing text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：For centuries, men and women have worked tirelessly to fit the physical molds of their time. Diets, which have【B1】_ from the【B2】_ to the colorful and kind of silly, have【B3】_ a wide range of resultsand a
45、ll sorts of followings. Not long ago, the Atkins diet made carbohydrates wicked and convinced millions to【B4】_ starches of any kind. Today, the Paleo diet, which means to【B5】_ the eating habits and digestive systems of ancient humans who lived for many【B6】_ years than people on average do today, is【B7】_ the most popularor at least talked about dietary fad. Soon there will be another fad th
