1、考研英语（一）-试卷 15及答案解析(总分：152.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_The population of the United States is only 6% the world“s population, but Americans
2、 (1)_ one third of all the energy (2)_ in the world. This fact alone says that Americans need to use less energy. And because the price of energy had been rising very rapidly (3)_ the limited supplies of oil in particular, Americans are becoming aware to the need to (4)_ energy. In California we hav
3、e a California Energy Commission which has set up in the past five years to (5)_ plan for our future energy rise. We have (6)_ laws in California to help us conserve energy. First of all, our houses in California have been very (7)_ of energy in the past. They were not (8)_ very carefully and so the
4、 heat would go out of the house very rapidly. Now we require that the homes have a (9)_ level of insulation, and so the homes built now are much more (10)_. (11)_, in transportation (12)_ a large percentage of oil energy is used, we need to develop more public transportation. In China, of course, yo
5、u have a very good public-transportation system. And it is a(n) (13)_ for the kind of thing we need to develop more in the United States. Automobiles are also becoming more (14)_ The smaller automobile with efficient engine can help to conserve a large amount of energy along with planning our (15)_
6、more carefully. Many different studies have shown that we could (16)_ our energy consumption by (17)_ half or two thirds and still have the (18)_ quality of life. And many different types of technologies are currently being researched as to (19)_ they can be built to use (20)_ energy and still suppl
7、y the same service.（分数：40.00）A.conserveB.consumeC.produceD.supplyA.preservesB.sourcesC.desertsD.reservesA.owing toB.resulting inC.in spite ofD.in the case ofA.consumeB.conserveC.exhaustD.retainA.generateB.helpC.conceiveD.originateA.stagedB.composedC.developedD.devisedA.frugalB.economicalC.wastefulD.
8、savingA.insulatedB.insultedC.resultedD.separatedA.largestB.smallestC.maximumD.minimumA.effectiveB.sufficientC.efficientD.deficientA.HoweverB.AlsoC.ThereforeD.For exampleA.whyB.whereC.whoD.whichA.exampleB.responsibilityC.opportunityD.obligationA.fashionableB.luxuriousC.efficientD.effectiveA.transport
9、ationB.travelC.energyD.automobilesA.condenseB.reduceC.crushD.swellA.at leastB.at mostC.at fullD.at lengthA.bottomB.sameC.meanD.adequateA.whereB.whyC.whenD.howA.adequateB.sufficientC.lessD.lacking二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：12，分数：68.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the fo
10、llowing four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Leave it to writer Buchwald to bring humor to hospice. Last February, the famed satirist was diagnosed with terminal kidney failure, given three weeks to live, and transferred to a hospice for a quiet goodbye. Then th
11、e unexpected happened. His kidneys almost miraculously started working again. The poisons in his blood that were supposed to carry him out in peaceful slumber(死亡) washed out of his system, leaving instead a funny bone stunned and amused by the absurdity of the situation. It“s not every day that some
12、one flunks hospice. Seasoned author that he is, Buchwald turned the irony into a book. Only 10 months ago, he was a sad, 80-year-old man with a newly amputated(切除) leg and kidneys on the fritz(发生故障). Despite his family“s pleas, he entered a hospice facility, at ease with his Choice to die naturally.
13、 Most people don“t know much about hospice, the place. It doesn“t cure; it cares, relieving physical pain and mental anguish. Most often, cancer or cardiovascular(心血管病) disease carries hospice patients to their end, usually in weeks. But some are put on hold like Buchwald. Buchwald left after five m
14、onths. In one large study, 6 percent of hospice patients improved enough to be taken off the terminal list and sent home. Buchwald was shocked when the big sleep didn“t come. Before Buchwald became the hospice“s superstar, he had been the poster boy for depression. But with the help of physicians an
15、d medication, he didn“t drown. Laugh or cry. Facing natural death, he now offers a message many of his contemporaries need to hear. Older men, particularly those in their 80s, have the highest rate of suicide. Risk factors for them notably include health issues. In fact, suicide often comes soon aft
16、er they“ve seen a doctor. On that point, Buchwald notes the medical dearth of smiles and laughter“. Look at how often doctors and nurses walk into a patient“s room all serious“, he says. His prescription? They“ need to go to Disney World to be trained“. Laughter, of course, is the best medicine, and
17、 some studies even show humor is a biological stress reliever. As Buchwald sees it, many humorists use it as therapy to block out periods of hurt or anger. You would not know there were hurts or anger judging by his hospice time. Friends and family smothered Buchwald with love. VIPs beat a path to t
18、he hospice door. And they all came bearing food, lots of cheesecake. He thrived. After he planned his funeral, he started up writing again and found he could write wonderfully. Buchwald is now teaching all of us how to liveand to die. Yet he“s quick to add“, I have had such a good time at the hospic
19、e. I am going to miss it“.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “Seasoned“ (Line 6, Paragraph 1) most probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.seasonal.B.professional.C.experienced.D.sarcastic.(2).We can infer from the text that hospice is a place _.（分数：2.00）A.where patients who don“t want or can“t afford a treatment are cared
20、 for.B.where treatment focuses on the patient“s well-being rather than the cure.C.Where patients with terminal diseases live happily until they die.D.where less than six percents of patients make the recovery.(3).In Buchwald“s opinion, which of the following is true?（分数：2.00）A.the suicidal rate for
21、elders of his age is the highest among all ages.B.doctors and nurses need to go to Disney World to relax from tension.C.laughter is a fine remedy for the patients to get rid of fear of death.D.laughter releases biological stress according to scientific studies.(4).What had Buchwald experienced befor
22、e entering the hospice?（分数：2.00）A.he was diagnosed with terminal heart failure.B.the poisons in his blood caused kidney failure.C.one of his legs fractured for lack of calcium.D.he was depressed and wanted to die naturally.(5).By saying“ I am going to miss it“ in the last paragraph, Buchwald wants t
23、o indicate that _.（分数：2.00）A.he got better from the illness and was taken off the terminal list there.B.he learned to be positive with the help of physicians and medication.C.he was surrounded by the love of his friends, families and VIPs.D.all through the hospice time he was full of smile and laugh
24、ter.A weather map is an important tool for geographers. A succession of three of four maps presents a continuous picture of weather changes. Weather forecasts are able to determine the speed of air masses and fronts; to determine whether an individual pressure area is deepening or becoming shallow a
25、nd whether a front is increasing or decreasing in intensity. They are also able to determine whether an air mass is retaining its original characteristics or taking on those of the surface over which it is moving. Thus, a most significant function of the map is to reveal a synoptic picture of condit
26、ions in the atmosphere at a given time. All students of geography should be able to interpret a weather map accurately. Weather maps contain an enormous amount of information about weather conditions existing at the time of observation over a large geographical area. They reveal in a few minutes wha
27、t otherwise would take hours to describe. The United States weather Bureau issues information about approaching storms, floods, frosts, droughts, and all climatic conditions in general. Twice a month it issues a 30-day “outlook“ which is a rough guide to weather conditions likely to occur over broad
28、 areas of the United States. These 30-day outlooks are based upon an analysis of the upper air levels with often set the stage for the development of air masses, fronts, and storms. Considerable effort is being exerted today to achieve more accurate weather predictions. With the use of electronic in
29、struments and earth satellites, enormous gains have taken place recently in identifying and tracking storms over regions which have but few meteorological stations. Extensive experiments are also in progress for weather modification studies. But the limitations of weather modification have prevented
30、 meteorological results except in the seeding of super-cooled, upslope mountainous winds which have produced additional orographical precipitation on the windward side of mountain ranges. Nevertheless, they have provided a clearer understanding of the fundamentals of weather elements.（分数：10.00）(1).O
31、ne characteristic of weather maps not mentioned by the author in this passage is_.（分数：2.00）A.wind speedB.thermal changesC.frontsD.barometric pressure(2).The thirty-day forecast is determined by examining_.（分数：2.00）A.upper air levelsB.satellite reportsC.changing frontsD.daily air maps(3).The observat
32、ion of weather conditions by satellites is advantageous because it_.（分数：2.00）A.gives the scientist information not obtained readily otherwiseB.enables man to alter the weatherC.uses electronic instrumentsD.is modern(4).A weather map is synoptic because it_.（分数：2.00）A.summarizes a great deal of infor
33、mationB.can be interpreted accuratelyC.appears dailyD.shows changing fronts(5).At the present time, experiments are being conducted in_.（分数：2.00）A.30-day “outlook“B.controlling stormsC.satellitesD.manipulating weatherReal policemen, both Britain and the United States hardly recognize any resemblance
34、 between their lives and what they see on TVif they ever get home in time. There are similarities, of course, but the cops don“t think much of them. The first difference is that a policeman“s real life revolves round the law. Most of his training is in criminal law. He has to know exactly what actio
35、ns are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, in the dark and rain, running down an alley after someone he has to talk to. Little of his time is spent in chatting to sc
36、antily clad ladies or in dramatic confrontations with desperate criminal. He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guiltyor notof stupid, petty crimes. Most television crime drama is about finding the crim
37、inal; as soon as he“s arrested, the story is over. In real life, finding criminals is seldom much of a problem. Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attackswhere failure to produce results reflects on the standing of the policelittle effort is spent on searching. The police have a
38、n elaborate machinery which eventually shows up most wanted men. Having made an arrest, a detective really starts to work. He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of different evidence. Much of this has to be given by people who don“t want to get involved in a c
39、ourt case. So as well as being overworked, a detective has to be out at all hours of the day and night interviewing his witnesses and persuading them, usually against their own best interests, to help him. A third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant moral tw
40、ilight in which the real one lives. Detectives are subject to two opposing pressures: first as members of a police force they always have to behave with absolute legality, secondly, as expensive public servants they have to get results. They can hardly ever do both. Most of the time some of them hav
41、e to break the rules in small ways. If the detective has to deceive the world, the world often deceives him. Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth. And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple mindednessas he sees itof citizens, soc
42、ial workers, doctors, law makers, and judges, who, instead of stamping out crime punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform. The result, detectives feel, is that nine tenths of their work is reaching people who should have stayed behind bars. This makes them rathe
43、r cynical.（分数：10.00）(1).It is essential for a policeman to be trained in criminal law_.（分数：2.00）A.so that he can catch criminals in the streetsB.because many of the criminals he has to catch are dangerousC.so that he can justify his arrests in courtD.because he has to know nearly as much about law a
44、s a professional lawyer(2).The everyday life of a policeman or detective is_.（分数：2.00）A.exciting and glamorousB.full of dangerC.devoted mostly to routine mattersD.wasted on unimportant matters(3).When murders and terrorist attacks occur the police_.（分数：2.00）A.prefer to wait for the criminal to give
45、himself awayB.spend a lot of effort on trying to track down their manC.try to make a quick arrest in order to keep up their reputationD.usually fail to produce results(4).The real detective lives in “an unpleasant moral twilight“ because_.（分数：2.00）A.he is an expensive public servantB.he must always
46、behave with absolute legalityC.he is obliged to break the law in order to preserve itD.he feels himself to be cut off from the rest of the world(5).Detectives are rather cynical because_.（分数：2.00）A.nine tenths of their work involves arresting peopleB.hardly anyone tells them the truthC.society does
47、not punish criminals severely enoughD.too many criminals escape from jailIn a perfectly free and open market economy, the type of employergovernment or privateshould have little or no impact on the earnings differentials between women and men. However, if there is discrimination against one sex, it
48、is unlikely that the degree of discrimination by government and private employers will be the same. Differences in the degree of discrimination would result in earnings differentials associated with the type of employer. Given the nature of government and private employers, it seems most likely that discrimination by private employers would be greater. Thus, one would expect that, if women are being discriminated against, government employment would have a positive effect o
