1、考研英语（一）-试卷 14 及答案解析(总分：144.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Digital photography is still new enough that most of us have yet to form an opinion
2、 about it【C1】_develop a point of view. But this hasn“t stopped many film and computer fans from agreeing【C2】_the early conventional wisdom about digital cameras they“re neat【C3】_for your PC, but they“re not suitable for everyday picture taking. The fans are wrong. More than anything else, digital ca
3、meras are radically【C4】_what photography means and what it can be. The venerable medium of photography【C5】_we know, is beginning to seem out of【C6】_with the way we live. In our computer and camcorder【C7】_, saving pictures as digital【C8】_and watching them on TV is no less practical and in many ways m
4、ore【C9】_than fumbling with rolls of film that must be sent off to be【C10】_. Paper is also terribly【C11】_Pictures that are incorrectly framed, 【C12】_, or lighted are nonetheless committed to film and ultimately processed into prints. The digital medium changes the【C13】_. Still images that are【C14】_di
5、gitally can immediately be shown on a computer【C15】_, a TV screen, or a small liquid crystal display (LCD) built right into the camera. And since the points of light that【C16】_an image are saved as a series of digital bits in electronic memory, 【C17】_being permanently etched onto film, they can be e
6、rased, retouched, and transmitted【C18】_ What“s it like to【C19】_with one of these digital cameras? It“s a little like a first date exciting, confusing and fraught with【C20】_.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.rather thanB.let aloneC.much lessD.so as to(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.onB.withC.toD.by(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.a
7、ttachmentsB.auxiliariesC.attributesD.counterparts(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.reexplainingB.rearrangingC.reexposingD.redefining(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.thoughB.ifC.asD.unless(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.rateB.paceC.stepD.speed(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.environmentB.civilizationC.communityD.culture(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.filesB.documentar
8、iesC.programsD.software(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.appealingB.facilitatingC.enlighteningD.encouraging(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.convertedB.developedC.exposedD.evolved(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.unforgivingB.unperceivingC.unconsideringD.unsympathizing(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.aimedB.targetedC.focusedD.pointed(13).【C13】（分数：2.00
9、）A.regulationsB.rulesC.disciplinesD.principles(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.grippedB.seizedC.graspedD.captured(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.demonstratorB.exhibitorC.monitorD.transmitter(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.constituteB.illuminateC.penetrateD.dissolve(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.in caseB.rather thanC.as well asD.as though(18).
10、【C18】（分数：2.00）A.on-digitB.on-cableC.on-lineD.on-data(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.fireB.maneuverC.operateD.shoot(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.chancesB.probabilitiesC.opportunitiesD.possibilities二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：60.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts.
11、 Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Nine months after the collapse of Lehman Brothers, the world“s economic crisis is still usually discussed as though it consisted of dire bank balance-sheets, falling exports and bankruptcies or job losses in the West. But at the other e
12、nd of the trail that starts with financial woes in rich countries are underweight children and anaemic expectant mothers in poor ones. New research by the United Nations“ standing committee on nutrition gives a first estimate of how the crisis has hurt the group of people most affected by the crash:
13、 the very poorest. In 19902007, the number of hungry people rose by about 80m, though this was, by and large, a period of rising incomes in developing countries. In 2008 alone, the number rose a further 40m, to 963m half as much in one year as during the previous 17. In other words, lots more childr
14、en and pregnant women are not getting the food they need. The report reckons that the number of underweight children will rise from 121m to 125m by 2010, assuming no change in the size of the world economy (in fact, it is expected to shrink 2% this year). The World Bank has already estimated that un
15、til 2015 the crisis will lead to between 200, 000 and 400,000 more children dying every year. The poorest face two crises: the world recession and the resumption of food price rises. Food prices had been falling but even then, the global price fall did not translate into a comparable decline on loca
16、l markets in most poor countries, so the poor did not benefit much. World prices bottomed out in December 2008 and have since risen 26%. In the poorest countries, a rise of 50% in the price of staples pushes up the family food budget from 50% to 60% of household income. Initially, people skimp on no
17、n-staple foods, cutting the quality and diversity of their intake; in the next stage, the quantity and safety of diets suffer. That in turn damages their health. Currently, around 50m, or 40%, of pregnant women in developing countries are anaemic. Anaemia in expectant mothers, which causes low birth
18、 weight and unhealthier babies, is likely to rise by a further 1. 2m in Asia and 700,000 in Africa. To make matters worse, this is happening at a time when the global slump is causing job losses or wage squeezes everywhere worldwide unemployment rose to 6% in 2008 so in some poor countries, it now t
19、akes an extra ten hours a week or more to feed a family of five. The resulting burden falls heavily on women. As the report says starkly: “Women are usually the last to benefit from increasing income but they are usually the first to make sacrifices when the financial situation deteriorates. “（分数：10
20、.00）(1).According to the first two paragraphs,（分数：2.00）A.the rich countries are the main victims of the economic crisis.B.people are less likely to associate world“s economic downturn with the poorest.C.the income in the developing countries has been increasing in recent years.D.the size of the worl
21、d economy will be unchanged by 2010.(2).Which of the following is true about the food price?（分数：2.00）A.It falls with the global economic recession.B.It had been dropping but has rebounded now.C.It is decisive to the food shortage in poor countries.D.It determines the family budget.(3).To cut the foo
22、d budget, people begin to（分数：2.00）A.eat less regardless of health.B.try to lose weight.C.choose cheaper food.D.work an extra ten hours.(4).By saying “they are usually the first to make sacrifices“ (Line 2, Para. 6), the author means（分数：2.00）A.women are more susceptible to financial conditions.B.wome
23、n are willing to sacrifice their lives for their family.C.women are usually the first victims of anaemia.D.women tend to suffer more in bad economic situations.(5).Which of the following is the best title for this text?（分数：2.00）A.The Trail of Disaster.B.The Economic Crisis.C.The Hungry People.D.Worl
24、d Recession and Job Losses.Let“s not mince words: college can be tough. According to a 2007 study by the American College Health Association, 43 percent of students reported having felt “so depressed it was difficult to function“ at least once in the prior year. Other studies, based on student surve
25、ys, suggest that one in five undergraduates reported having an eating disorder, one in six had deliberately cut or burned himself and one in 10 had considered suicide. Given those numbers, it“s deeply troubling that in 2007 just 8. 5 percent of students used their college“s counseling services. In o
26、ther words, students were more likely to consider killing themselves than to seek help. “After Virginia Tech, students feel more afraid to discuss mental-health problems,“ says Alison Malmon, the founder of Active Minds, a national group that promotes mental-health awareness on campus. “They think t
27、hey“ll be labeled as the crazy kid who“ll shoot up the school. “ Counselors say that while they do keep an eye out for students who might pose a risk to others, the overwhelming majority of their patients are no threat to anyone but themselves. “The things that make it into the media aren“t people“s
28、 everyday struggles, “ says Gregory Eells, head of Cornell“s counseling service and president of the Association for University and College Counseling Center Directors. “We need to let students know that seeking treatment is a strong, smart thing. “ Counseling services must look for new ways to reac
29、h out to troubled students. NYU freshmen are treated annually to a Reality Show, in which NYU student actors perform skits on topics from depression to drug abuse. At Harvard, students can win iPods for attending mental-health screening sessions and are invited to “pajama party“ panels, where flanne
30、l-clad counselors dispense milk and cookies along with advice about the importance of sleep. “There“s still a high level of stigma, “ says Richard Kadison, head of Harvard“s mental-health services. “We“re trying to find creative ways of getting the message out. “ Many campuses also offer online serv
31、ices allowing students to complete informal diagnostic quizzes away from the prying eyes of their peers. “You take it in the privacy of your own dorm room not at some event where a bunch of other students might be watching you, “ says Katherine Cruise, a director of Screening for Mental Health, a no
32、nprofit that serves about 500 campuses. The results are confidential, but can help nudge students toward counseling services. Still, students and counselors agree that the most effective outreach programs are those led by students themselves. “It“s different when you hear something from another stud
33、ent,“ says Semmie Kim, a neuro-science major who founded MIT“s chapter of Active Minds in 2007. She“s held events like a bubble-wrap stomp to help students vent pre-exam stress, but says her group“s most important role is to provide troubled peers with a sympathetic ear. “We want to make students re
34、alize they“re not alone, “ she says. College will always be tough, but there“s no need to suffer in silence.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following has the least possibility to happen on mentally troubled undergraduates?（分数：2.00）A.Feeling terribly depressed.B.Having an eating disorder.C.Cutting themsel
35、ves intentionally.D.Considering committing suicide.(2).The work of counseling services is challenging because（分数：2.00）A.more and more college students suffer from mental-health problems.B.though many students have mental-health problems, few of them seek counseling.C.counselors have to keep an eye o
36、ut for students who might hurt others.D.counselors can“t persuade students into believing that seeking treatment is a smart choice.(3).The most effective way to regain students“ mental health is that（分数：2.00）A.neuroscience majors found more associations in psychological aspect.B.counselors hold ment
37、al-health screening sessions more frequently.C.campuses offer more online services to keep students“ privacy.D.outreach programs are created by students themselves.(4).The word “nudge“ (Line 4, Para. 5) probably means（分数：2.00）A.persuade.B.estrange.C.push.D.ensure.(5).According to the last paragraph,
38、 we may infer that（分数：2.00）A.undergraduates will continue to suffer from mental-health problems in silence.B.less and less students will go to university to avoid confronting mental-health problems.C.more and more students will go to university to find ways to make universities less tough.D.undergra
39、duates are supposed to find ways to let mental suffering out with counselors“ help.Our visit to the excavation of a Roman fort on a hill near Coventry was of more than archaeological interest. The year“s dig had been a fruitful one and had assembled evidence of a permanent military camp much larger
40、than had at first been conjectured. We were greeted on the site by a group of excavators, some of them filling in a trench that had yielded an almost complete pot the day before, others enjoying the last-day luxury of a cigarette in the sun, but all happy to explain and talk about their work. If we
41、had not already known it, nothing would have suggested that this was a party of prisoners from the nearby prison. This is not the first time that prison labor has been used in work of this kind, but here the experiment, now two years old, has proved outstandingly satisfactory. From the archaeologist
42、s“ point of view, prisoners provide a steady force of disciplined labor throughout the entire season, men to whom it is a serious day“s work, and not the rather carefree holiday job that it tends to be for the amateur archaeologist. Newcomers are comparatively few, and can soon be initiated by those
43、 already trained in the work. Prisoners may also be more accustomed to heavy work like shoveling and carting soil than the majority of students. When Coventry“s Keeper of Archaeology went to the prison to appeal for help, he was received cautiously by the men, but when the importance of the work was
44、 fully understood, far more volunteers were forthcoming than could actually be employed. When they got to work on the site, and their efforts produced pottery and building foundations in what until last year had been an ordinary field, their enthusiasm grew till they would sometimes work through the
45、ir lunch hour and tea break, and even carry on in the rain rather than sit it out in the hut. This was undoubtedly because the work was not only strenuous but absorbing, and called for considerable intelligence. The men worked always under professional supervision, but as the season went on they nee
46、ded less guidance and knew when an expert should be summoned. Disciplinary problems were negligible: the men were carefully selected for their good conduct and working on a party like this was too valuable a privilege to be thrown away. The Keeper of Archaeology said that this was by far the most sa
47、tisfactory form of labor that he had ever had, and that it had produced results, in quantity and quality, that could not have been achieved by any other means.（分数：10.00）(1).The visit to the excavation site was（分数：2.00）A.of purely archaeological interest.B.fruitful because a complete pot was discover
48、ed.C.interesting in more than one way.D.made by a group of prisoners.(2).It can be assumed that archaeologists（分数：2.00）A.did not like the prisoners“ carefree attitude to work.B.were willing to take only a few prisoners to work on the site.C.were often forced to discipline the prisoners.D.found that the prisoners worked far better than amateur archaeologists.(3).How did prisoners demonstrate their attitude to work?（分数：2.00）A.By spending most of their time sitting in a hut.B.By insisting on professional guidance.C.
