1、考研英语（一）-试卷 12及答案解析(总分：144.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_So what is depression? Depression is often more about anger turned【C1】_than it is ab
2、out sadness. But it“s usually【C2】_as sadness. Depression can【C3】_at all ages, from childhood to old age, and it“s the United States“ No.【C4】_problem. When someone is depressed, her behavior【C5】_change and she loses interest in activities she【C6】_enjoyed (like sports, music, friendships). The sadness
3、 usually lasts every day for most of the day and for two weeks or more. What【C7】_depression? A【C8】_event can certainly bring【C9】_depression, but some will say it happens【C10】_a specific cause. So how do you know if you“re just having a bad day【C11】_are really depressed? Depression affects your【C12】_
4、, moods, behavior and even your physical health. These changes often go【C13】_or are labeled【C14】_simply a bad case of the blues. Someone who“s truly【C15】_depression will have【C16】_periods of crying spells, feelings of【C17】_(like not being able to change your situation) and【C18】_(like you“ll feel thi
5、s way forever) , irritation or agitation. A depressed person often【C19】_from others. Depression seldom goes away by itself, and the greatest【C20】_of depression is suicide. The risk of suicide increases if the depression isn“t treated.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.onB.downC.inwardD.up(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）
6、A.depictedB.reportedC.prohibitedD.expressed(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.happenB.conveyC.fadeD.deteriorate(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.socialB.academicC.literaryD.health(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.patternsB.linksC.intuitionD.conscientiousness(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.mostlyB.onceC.fairlyD.desperately(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.curesB.checksC.tr
7、iggersD.logs(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.solemnB.sarcasticC.slenderD.stressful(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.onB.aroundC.upD.under(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.viaB.withoutC.due toD.out of(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.orB.hutC.andD.while(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.monopolyB.motionC.thoughtsD.association(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.underestimatedB.unsett
8、ledC.unexpectedD.unrecognized(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.byB.asC.inD.for(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.battlingB.substitutingC.reproachingD.menacing(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.justifiedB.extendedC.identifiedD.matched(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.selfishnessB.helplessnessC.strategyD.emotion(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.vibrationB.vicinityC.r
9、eservationD.hopelessness(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.withdrawsB.overwhelmsC.invadesD.exploits(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.fabricB.patentC.dangerD.passion二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：60.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text b
10、y choosing A, B, C or D._September 11th. 2001 drew the transatlantic alliance together; but the mood did not last, and over the five years since it has pulled ever further apart. A recent poll for the German Marshall Fund shows that 57% of Europeans regard American leadership in world affairs as “un
11、desirable“. The Iraq war is mainly to blame. But there is another and more intractable reason for the growing division; God. Europeans worry that American foreign policy under George Bush is too influenced by religion. The “holy warriors“ who hijacked the planes on September 11th reintroduced God in
12、to international affairs in the most dramatic of ways. It seems that George Bush is replying in kind, encouraging a clash of religions that could spell global catastrophe. Dominique Moisi, a special adviser at the French Institute for International Relations, argues that “the combination of religion
13、 and nationalism in America is frightening. We feel betrayed by God and by nationalism, which is why we are building the European Union as a barrier to religious warfare. “ Josef Braml, of the German Institute for International and Security Affairs, complains that in America “religious attitudes hav
14、e more of an influence on political choices than in any other western democracy. “ The notion that America is too influenced by religion is not confined to the elites. Three in five French people and nearly as many Dutch think that Americans are too religiousand that religion skews what should be se
15、cular decisions. Europeans who think that America is “too religious“ are more inclined to anti-Americanism than their fellow countrymen. 38% of Britons have an unfavourable view of America, but that number rises to 50% among people who are wary of American religiosity. Is America engaged in a faith-
16、based foreign policy? Religion certainly exerts a growing influence on its actions in the world, but in ways more subtle and complicated than Europeans imagine. It is true that America is undergoing a religious revival. “Hot“ religions such as evangelical Protestantism and hardline Catholicism are g
17、rowing rapidly while “cool“ mainline versions of Christianity are declining. It is also true that the Republican Party is being reshaped by this revival. Self-identified evangelicals provided almost 40% of Mr. Bush“s vote in 2004; if you add in other theological conservatives, such as Mormons and tr
18、aditional Catholics, that number rises closer to 60%. All six top Republican leaders in the Senate have earned 100% ratings from the Christian Coalition. It is also true that Mr. Bush frequently uses religious rhetoric when talking of foreign affairs. On September 12th he was at it again, telling a
19、group of conservative journalists that he sees the war on terror as “a confrontation between good and evil“, and remarking, “It seems to me that there“s a Third Awakening“ (in other words, an outbreak of Christian evangelical fervour, of the sort that has swept across America at least twice before).
20、 And Christian America overall is taking a bigger interest in foreign policy. New voices are being heard, such as Sam Brownback, a conservative senator from Kansas who has led the fight against genocide in Darfur, and Rick Warren, the author of a bestseller called “The Purpose-Driven Life“, who is s
21、ending 2,000 missionaries to Rwanda. Finally, it is true that religious figures have done some pretty outrageous things. Pat Robertson called for the assassination of Hugo Ch vez, the president of Venezuela. Lieutenant-General William “Jerry“ Boykin, deputy under-secretary of defence for intelligenc
22、e, toured the country telling Christian groups that radical Muslims hate America “because we“re a Christian nation and the enemy is a guy named Satan“. He often wore uniform.（分数：10.00）(1).The increasing transatlantic schism, according to the text, results from_.（分数：2.00）A.terrorist attacksB.American
23、 reliance on deityC.intractable reasonD.multiple factors(2).The phrase “in kind“ in the last sentence of the second paragraph most probably denotes（分数：2.00）A.with something tenderB.with kindnessC.out of charity impulseD.with something similar(3).The view mentioned in the third paragraph at least pre
24、vail among_.（分数：2.00）A.the European UnionB.the religious establishmentC.the special adviserD.the elites(4).With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?（分数：2.00）A.America“s foreign policy seems strongly influenced by religion. But that influence is much more comple
25、x than its critics suppose.B.In the world of good and evil American foreign policy is bound to be fruitless.C.The growing disparity which is created by God has been existing. But the gulf of the transatlantic alliance will be bridged.D.Religious figures have made some pretty outrageous things that c
26、ould be compromised by means non-violent means.(5).The author evidences his own notion by advancing_.（分数：2.00）A.four factsB.far-fetched pretextsC.random hypothesisD.powerful preachersIt is no longer just dirty blue-collar jobs in manufacturing that are being sucked offshore but also white-collar ser
27、vice jobs, which used to be considered safe from foreign competition. Telecoms charges have tumbled, allowing workers in far-flung locations to be connected cheaply to customers in the developed world. This has made it possible to offshore services that were once non-tradable. Morgan Stanley“s Mr. R
28、oach has been drawing attention to the fact that the “global labour arbitrage“ is moving rapidly to the better kinds of jobs. It is no longer just basic data processing and call centres that are being outsourced to low-wage countries, but also software programming, medical diagnostics, engineering d
29、esign, law, accounting, finance and business consulting. These can now be delivered electronically from anywhere in the world, exposing skilled white-collar workers to greater competition. The standard retort to such arguments is that outsourcing abroad is too small to matter much. So far fewer than
30、 lm American service-sector jobs have been lost to off-shoring. Forrester Research forecasts that by 2015 a total of 3. 4m jobs in services will have moved abroad, but that is tiny compared with the 30m jobs destroyed and created in America every year. The trouble is that such studies allow only for
31、 the sorts of jobs that are already being off-shored, when in reality the proportion of jobs that can be moved will rise as IT advances and education improves in emerging economies. Alan Blinder, an economist at Princeton University, believes that most economists are underestimating the disruptive e
32、ffects of off-shoring, and that in future two to three times as many service jobs will be susceptible to off-shoring as in manufacturing. This would imply that at least 30% of all jobs might be at risk. In practice the number of jobs off-shored to China or India is likely to remain fairly modest. Ev
33、en so, the mere threat that they could be shifted will depress wages. Moreover, says Mr. Blinder, education offers no protection. Highly skilled accountants, radiologists or computer programmers now have to compete with electronically delivered competition from abroad, whereas humble taxi drivers, j
34、anitors and crane operators remain safe from off-shoring. This may help to explain why the real median wage of American graduates has fallen by 6% since 2000, a bigger decline than in average wages. In the 1980s and early 1990s, the pay gap between low-paid, low-skilled workers and high-paid, high-s
35、killed workers widened significantly. But since then, according to a study by David Autor, Lawrence Katz and Melissa Kearney, in America, Britain and Germany workers at the bottom as well as at the top have done better than those in the middle-income group. Office cleaning cannot be done by workers
36、in India. It is the easily standardised skilled jobs in the middle, such as accounting, that are now being squeezed hardest. A study by Bradford Jensen and Lori Kletzer, at the Institute for International Economics in Washington D. C. , confirms that workers in tradable services that are exposed to
37、foreign competition tend to be more skilled than workers in non-tradable services and tradable manufacturing industries.（分数：10.00）(1).To offshore services that were once non-tradable results from_.（分数：2.00）A.the blue-collar job marketB.the geographic location of the underdeveloped worldC.the fierce
38、competition among skilled workersD.the dive of telecoms fee(2).Which of the following statements is the typical reply concerning off-shoring?（分数：2.00）A.Service-sector has sustained a great loss.B.White-collar workers will not have a narrow escape.C.Most economists underestimated the effects of off-s
39、horing.D.Outsourcing abroad has no significant impact.(3).According to the text, Forrester Research Prediction might be different if_.（分数：2.00）A.outsourcing abroad is large enough to matter muchB.the proportion of jobs that can be moved will riseC.more comprehensive factors are taken into accountD.e
40、ducation improvement in emerging economies plays a role(4).The narrative of the text in the last three paragraphs concentrates on_.（分数：2.00）A.the standard retort to the argumentsB.off-shoring and the resulting incomeC.the future off-shoringD.the counter-measures at hand(5).Which of the following cou
41、ld be the best title for the text?（分数：2.00）A.Business consulting.B.Blue-collar jobs.C.Non-tradable services.D.White-collar blues.Few beyond California“s technology crowd recognise the name Larry Sonsini; none within its circle could fail to. For four decades he has been lawyer, adviser and friend to
42、 many prominent companies and investors. Some consider him the most powerful person in Silicon Valley. Companies beg for his law firm to represent them. The 65-year-old chairman of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich and more recently, as outside counsel to Hewlett-Packard (HP), for initially defending the boar
43、d“s dubious investigative practices. WSG work by younger artists such as Surendran Nair and Shibu Natesan beat estimates by more than 70%. Sotheby“s and Christie“s have auctions in New York next week, each with a Tyeb Mehta that is expected to fetch more than $1 million. The real question is the fat
44、e of other works, including some by Mr. Souza with estimates of up to $ 600,000. If they do well, it will demonstrate that there is strong demand and will pull up prices across the board. This looks like a market with a long way to run.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from the second paragraph that
45、the recent rapid development of Indian modern art is closely associated with_.（分数：2.00）A.economic boomB.real estateC.electronic elementD.international action(2).According to the second paragraph, the expensive art can be seen as an ideal means of（分数：2.00）A.triumphB.appreciationC.assessmentD.investme
46、nt(3).Which of the following is true according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.People attached importance to modern Indian art long before the end of 1980s.B.Rich Indians, particularly those living abroad, had a strong passion for modern Indian art for ages.C.Prices at the emerging market of modern art had b
47、een climbing and then declining.D.Rich Indians did not show interest in modern Indian art until the end of the 1990s.(4).According to the text, the fortune of such works as Mr. Souza“s can exert an influence on_.（分数：2.00）A.the creation of modern artB.production of younger artistsC.the strong rejecti
48、on of market policyD.the value of Indian modern art(5).The author“s narrative in the text centers on_.（分数：2.00）A.the profits brought about by a pretty pictureB.why Indian modern art is boomingC.the Success of Indian software and “business-process outsourcing“ firmsD.how wealthy Indians evaluate Indian modern art4.Part B_A What route does HIV take after it enters the body to destroy the immune
