1、考研英语翻译-(一)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：5，分数：100.00)Every immigrant leads a double life. Every immigrant has a double identity and a double vision, being suspended between an old and a new home, an old and a new self. U U 1 /U /UUThe very notion of a new home, of course, is in a se
2、nse as impossible as the notion of new parents: parents are who they are; home is what it is./UYet home, like parentage, must be legitimized through love; otherwise, it is only a fact of geography or biology.U U 2 /U /UUMost immigrants to America found their love of their old homes betrayed: They di
3、d not really abandon their countries; their countries abandoned them, and in America, they found the possibility of a new love, the chance to nurture new selves./UNot uniformly, not without exceptions. Every generation has its Know-Nothing movement. U U 3 /U /UUIts understandable fear and hatred of
4、alien invasion is as true today as it always was, but in spite of all this, the American attitude remains unique/U. Throughout history, exile has been a calamity; America turned it into a triumph and placed its immigrants in the center of a national epic.The epic is possible because America is an id
5、ea as much as it is a country.U U 4 /U /UUAmerica has nothing to do with loyalty to a dynasty and very little to do with loyalty to a particular place, but everything to do with loyalty to a set of principles/U. To immigrants, those principles are especially real because so often they were absent or
6、 violated in their native lands. It was no accident in the 60s and 70s, when alienation was in flower, that it often seemed to be “native“ Americans who felt alienated, while aliens or the children of aliens upheld the native values.“Home is where you are happy.“ Sentimental, perhaps, and certainly
7、not conventionally patriotic, but is appropriate for a country that wrote the pursuit of happiness into its founding document. That pursuit continues for the immigrant in America, and it never stops, but it comes to rest at a certain moment. U U 5 /U /UUThe moment occurs perhaps when the immigrants
8、double life and double vision converge toward a single state of mind, when the old life, the old home fade into a certain unreality: places one merely visits, practicing the tourism of memory/U. It occurs when the immigrant learns his ultimate lesson: above all countries, America, if loved, returns
9、love.（分数：20.00）_At this time of year especially, weather is on everyones mind-and on everyones tongue. U U 6 /U /UUIt is the material for the conversation of board chairman and bored cleaning woman, of young and old, of the bright, the dull, the rich and the poor./U As ff this basic coin of conversa
10、tion needed to be gilded, the average American constantly reads about the weather in his newspapers and magazines, listens to regular forecasts of it on the radio and watches while some TV prophet milks it for cuteness on the evening news.U U 7 /U /UUSince the weather is to man what the waters are t
11、o fish, his preoccupation with it serves a unique purpose, constituting a social phenomenon all its own/U. Far from arising merely to pass the time or bridge a silence, “weathertalk,“ as it might be called, is a sort of code by which people confirm and salute the sense of community they discover in
12、the face of the weathers implacable influence. Inspired by exceptional weather, otherwise immutable strangers suddenly find themselves in communion.U U 8 /U /UUAs victims, people hate to cancel a picnic on account of rain, and yet they often cheer when the weather brings human activity to an abrupt
13、stop/U. Most feel that the weather indeed affects their moods. If man sees the weather differently according to his circumstance, healthy fear works at the hub of his obsession with it. Through human history, weather has altered the march of events and caused some mighty cataclysms. Every year bring
14、s fresh reminders of the weathers power over human life and events in the form of horrifying tornadoes, hurricanes and floods.No wonder, then, that mans great dream has been some day to control the weather. U U 9 /U /UUWith computers on tap and electronic eyes in the sky, modern man has thus come fa
15、r in dealing with the weather, alternately his enemy and benefactor, yet mans difficulty today is not too far removed from that of his remote ancestors./UFor all the advances of scientific forecasting, in spite of the thousands of daily bulletins and advisories that get flashed about, the weather is
16、 still ultimately unstable and unpredictable. Mans dream of controlling it is still just that-a dream. The very idea of control, in fact, raises enormous and troublesome questions. U U 10 /U /UUThe vision of scheduled weather also raises ambiguous feelings among the worlds billions of weather fans a
17、nd poses at least one irresistible question: If weather were as predictable as holidays and eclipses, what in the world would everyone talk about?/U（分数：20.00）_What is making the world so much older? There are two long-term causes and a temporary blip that will continue to show up in the figures for
18、the next few decades. U U 11 /U /UUThe first of the big causes is that people everywhere are living far longer than they used to, and this trend started with the industrial revolution and has been slowly gathering pace/U. In 1900 average life expectancy at birth for the world as a whole was only aro
19、und 30 years, and in rich cotmtries under 50. The figures now are 67 and 78 respectively, and still rising. For all the talk about the coming old-age crisis, that is surely something to be grateful for-especially since older people these days also seem to remain healthy, fit and active for much long
20、er.U U 12 /U /UUA second, and bigger, cause of the ageing of societies is that people everywhere are hang far fewer children, so the younger age groups are much too small to counterbalance the growing number of older people./U This trend emerged later than the one for longer lives, first in develope
21、d countries and now in poor countries too. In the early 1970s women across the world were still, on average, having 4.3 children each. The current global average is 2.6, and in rich countries only 1.6. U U 13 /U /UUThe UN predicts that by 2050 the global figure will have dropped to just two, so by m
22、id-century the worlds population will begin to level out/U. The numbers in some developed countries have already started shrinking. Depending on your point of view, that may or may not be a good thing, but it will certainly turn the world into a different place.The temporary blip that has magnified
23、the effects of lower fertility and greater longevity is the babyboom that arrived in most rich countries after the Second World War. U U 14 /U /UUThe tinting varied slightly from place to place, but in America-where the effect was strongest-it covered roughly the 20 years from 1945, a period when ne
24、arly 80 million Americans were born/U. The first of them are now coming up to retirement. For the next 20 years those baby-boomers will be swelling the ranks of pensioners, which will lead to a rapid drop in the working population all over the rich world.As always, the averages mask considerable div
25、ersity. U U 15 /U /UUMost developing countries do not have to worry about ageing-yet, in the longer term, however, the same factors as in the rich world-fewer births, longer lives-will cause poorer countries to age too./U（分数：20.00）_On the all-important question of power-the efficacy of power, the mo
26、rality of power, the desirability of power-American and European perspectives are diverging. U U 16 /U /UUEurope is turning away from power, or to put it a little differently, it is moving beyond power into a self-contained world of laws and rules and transnational negotiation and cooperation/U. It
27、is entering a post-historical paradise of peace and relative prosperity, the realization of Kants “Perpetual Peace.“The United States, meanwhile, remains indulged in history, exercising power in the anarchic (无政府的) Hobbesian world where intemational laws and rules are unreliable and where true secur
28、ity and the defense and promotion of a liberal order still depend on the possession and use of military might. U U 17 /U /UUThat is why on major strategic and international questions today, Americans are from Mars and Europeans are from Venus: They agree on little and understand one another less and
29、 less./U And this state of affairs is not transitory-the product of one American election or one catastrophic event. The reasons for the transatlantic divide are deep, long in development, and likely to endure. U U 18 /U /UUWhen it comes to setting national priorities, determining thieats, defining
30、challenges, and fashioning and implementing foreign and defense policies, the United States and Europe have parted ways./UEuropeans are more conscious of the growing differences, perhaps because they fear them more. European intellectuals are nearly unanimous in the conviction that Americans and Eur
31、opeans no longer share a common “strategic culture.“ The European caricature at its most extreme depicts Americas warlike temperament the natural product of a violent society. U U 19 /U /UUBut even those who do not make this crude link agree there are profound differences in the way the United State
32、s and Europe conduct foreign policy./UThe United States, they argue, resorts to force more quickly and, compared with Europe, is less patient with diplomacy. Americans generally see the world divided between good and evil, between friends and enemies, while Europeans see a more complex picture. U U
33、20 /U /UUWhen confronting real or potential adversaries, Americans generally favor policies of coercion rather than persuasion, emphasizing sanctions over inducements to better behavior, the stick over the carrot./U Americans tend to seek finality in international affairs: They want problems solved,
34、 threats eliminated. And, of course, Americans increasingly tend toward unilateralism in international affairs. They are less inclined to act through international institutions such as the United Nations, less inclined to work cooperatively with other nations to pursue common goals, more skeptical a
35、bout international law, and more willing to operate outside its strictures.（分数：20.00）_It was an admission of cultural defeat; but then Hong Kong is nothing if not pragmatic about such things. U U 21 /U /UUOn June 6th its education minister lifted restrictions that forced four-fifths of the territory
36、s more than 500 secondary schools to teach in the “mother tongue“, i.e. Cantonese, the main language of its residents/U. Schools may switch to English, the language of the former colonial oppressor, from next year.Tiffs reverses a decade-old policy adopted after Hong Kongs reversion to China in 1997
37、, in an assertion of independence from both formre and present sovereign powers. Emotion may have played a large role in the decision. But it made some sense. Students speak Cantonese at home, and so using it is the easiest way to impart information and promote discussion. U U 22 /U /UUIt is also th
38、e first language of most teachers: a study done at the time concluded that schools labeled “English-medium“ were actually teaching in Cantonese but using English-language textbooks./UU U 23 /U /UUAfter much bureaucratic rearrangement, 20% of schools were permitted to continue teaching in English, wh
39、ich may have made sense to teachers and administrators, but not to ambitious parents./U They know that their offspring will need English to get ahead. Those who could flee the public system for costly private schools, or for the eight semi-private schools run on the British system, did so. The rest
40、made extraordinary efforts to enter the minority of English-language schools. They have huge waiting lists; Cantonese ones gaping holes.That helps explain the ministers change of heart, for which no reason was given. U U 24 /U /UUSo does a survey published last year, which concluded that students fr
41、om the Cantonese schools did far worse than their peers in getting into universities-a result that would horrify Hong Kongs achievement-obsessed parents./U And whatever the educators think, employers from coffee bars to banks either require people to be bilingual or pay more to those who are. Private schools offering supplementary English tuition have mushroomed.U U 25 /U /UUHong Kongs educational bureaucracy has devoted much thought to how English could be offered without harming other studies, and without sacrificing a generation of teachers with strong interest in a system
