1、考研英语知识运用分类精讲社会伦理类-(五)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：2，分数：100.00)A new study found that inner-city kids living in neighborhoods with more green space gained about 18% less weight over a two-year period than kids living amid more concrete and fewer trees. Such (1) tell a powerful
2、story. The obesity epidemic began in the 1980s, and many people (2) it to increased portion sizes and inactivity, but that cant be everything. Fast foods and TVs have been (3) us for a long time. “Most experts agree that the changes were (4) to something in the environment,“ says social epidemiologi
3、st Thomas Glass of The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. That something could be a (5) of the green.The new research, (6) in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, isnt the first to associate greenery with better health, but it does get us closer (7) identifying what works and w
4、hy. At its most straightforward, a green neighborhood (8) means more places for kids to playwhich is (9) since time spent outdoors is one of the strongest correlates of childrens activity levels. But green space is good for the mind (10) : research by environmental psychologists has shown that it ha
5、s cognitive (11) for children with attention-deficit disorder. In one study, just reading (12) in a green setting improved kids symptoms.(13) to grassy areas has also been linked to (14) stress and a lower body mass index among adults. And an (15) of 3, 000 Tokyo residents associated walk able green
6、 spaces with greater longevity among senior citizens.Glass cautions that most studies dont (16) prove a causal link between greenness and health, but theyre nonetheless helping spur action. In September the U.S. House of Representatives (17) the delightfully named No Child Left Inside Act to encoura
7、ge public initiatives aimed at exposing kids to the outdoors.Finding green space is not (18) easy, and you may have to work a bit to get your family a little grass and trees. If you live in a suburb or a city with good parks, take (19) of whats there. Your children in particular will love itand thei
8、r bodies and minds will be (20) to you.（分数：50.00）(1).A. findings B. thesis C. hypotheses D. abstracts（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. adapt B. attribute C. allocate D. alternate（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. amongst B. along C. beside D. with（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. glued B. related C. tracked D. appointed（分数：2.50）A
9、.B.C.D.(5).A. scraping B. denying C. depressing D. shrinking（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. published B. simulated C. illuminated D. circulated（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. at B. to C. for D. over（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. fully B. simply C. seriously D. uniquely（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. vital B. casual C. fatal D. su
10、btle（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. still B. already C. too D. yet（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. benefits B. profits C. revenues D. awards（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. outward B. apart C. aside D. outside（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. Immunity B. Reaction C. Exposure D. Addiction（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. much B. less C. mor
11、e D. little（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. installment B. expedition C. analysis D. option（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. curiously B. negatively C. necessarily D. comfortably（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. relieved B. delegated C. approved D. performed（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. merely B. always C. mainly D. almost（分数：2.5
12、0）A.B.C.D.(19).A. advantage B. exception C. measure D. charge（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. elevated B. merciful C. contented D. grateful（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.An important factor of leadership is attraction. This does not mean attractiveness in the ordinary sense, for that is a born quality (1) our control.The
13、 leader has, nevertheless, to be a magnet; a central figure towards whom people are (2) . Magnetism in that sense depends, first of all, (3) being seen. There is a type of authority which can be (4) from behind closed doors, but that is not leadership. (5) there is movement and action, the true lead
14、er is in the forefront and may seem, indeed, to be everywhere at once. He has to become a legend; the (6) for anecdotes, whether true or (7) ; character.One of the simplest devices is to be absent (8) the occasion when the leader might be (9) to be there, enough in itself to start a rumor about the
15、vital business (10) has detained him. To (11) up for this, he can appeal when least expected, giving rise to another story about the interest he can display (12) things which other folks might (13) as trivial.With this gift for (14) curiosity the leader always combines a reluctance to talk about him
16、self. His interest is (15) in other people; he questions them and encourages them to talk and then remembers all (16) is relevant. He never leaves a party (17) he has mentally field a minimum dossier (档案) on (18) present, ensuring that he knows (19) to say when he meets them again. He is not artific
17、ially extrovert but he would usually rather listen (20) talk. Others realize gradually that his importance needs no proof.（分数：50.00）(1).A. in B. beyond C. under D. of（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. united B. dragged C. drawn D. hauled（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. at B. in C. about D. on（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. loo
18、ked B. recognized C. exercised D. respected（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. Where B. Though C. Because D. When（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. minor role B. subject C. joke D. supplement（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. incorrect B. wrong C. false D. bad（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. in B. on C. at D. under（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. ref
19、used B. suspected C. expelled D. expected（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. which B. when C. what D. where（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. take B. make C. come D. give（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. on B. in C. about D. at（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. look B. think C. view D. deal（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. decreasing B. possessing
20、 C. inspiring D. urging（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. directly B. obscurely C. scarcely D. plainly（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. which B. that C. what D. one（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. after B. when C. until D. before（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. someone B. everyone C. men D. one（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. when B. where C
21、. which D. what（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. and B. or C. than D. but（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.考研英语知识运用分类精讲社会伦理类-(五)答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：2，分数：100.00)A new study found that inner-city kids living in neighborhoods with more green space gained about 18% less weight over a two-year perio
22、d than kids living amid more concrete and fewer trees. Such (1) tell a powerful story. The obesity epidemic began in the 1980s, and many people (2) it to increased portion sizes and inactivity, but that cant be everything. Fast foods and TVs have been (3) us for a long time. “Most experts agree that
23、 the changes were (4) to something in the environment,“ says social epidemiologist Thomas Glass of The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. That something could be a (5) of the green.The new research, (6) in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, isnt the first to associate greener
24、y with better health, but it does get us closer (7) identifying what works and why. At its most straightforward, a green neighborhood (8) means more places for kids to playwhich is (9) since time spent outdoors is one of the strongest correlates of childrens activity levels. But green space is good
25、for the mind (10) : research by environmental psychologists has shown that it has cognitive (11) for children with attention-deficit disorder. In one study, just reading (12) in a green setting improved kids symptoms.(13) to grassy areas has also been linked to (14) stress and a lower body mass inde
26、x among adults. And an (15) of 3, 000 Tokyo residents associated walk able green spaces with greater longevity among senior citizens.Glass cautions that most studies dont (16) prove a causal link between greenness and health, but theyre nonetheless helping spur action. In September the U.S. House of
27、 Representatives (17) the delightfully named No Child Left Inside Act to encourage public initiatives aimed at exposing kids to the outdoors.Finding green space is not (18) easy, and you may have to work a bit to get your family a little grass and trees. If you live in a suburb or a city with good p
28、arks, take (19) of whats there. Your children in particular will love itand their bodies and minds will be (20) to you.（分数：50.00）(1).A. findings B. thesis C. hypotheses D. abstracts（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。解答本题的关键是理解题干中 such指代的内容。代词指代的内容一般从前文找出，而前文提到 a new study found，因此这里指代的应该是研究结果，故选Afinding
29、s。thesis“论文”；hypotheses“假设”；abstracts“摘要”，均不符合句意。(2).A. adapt B. attribute C. allocate D. alternate（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查词语搭配。该句意为“许多人把它_食物分量的增加和缺乏运动”，句中的 it指代的是肥胖症，it 后还有介词 to，故应填 attribute与 to构成固定搭配，意思是“归因于”。adapt to意思是“使自己适应于”；allocate 意为“分配”；alternate 意为“使交替”，均不符合题意。故选 Battribute。(3).A. amon
30、gst B. along C. beside D. with（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查介词辨析。该句意为“快餐和电视已经_我们很久了”，根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应该填 with，表示“陪伴，伴随”的意思。故选 Dwith。(4).A. glued B. related C. tracked D. appointed（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查固定搭配。本句意为“大多数专家认为变化与环境_”，be related to 是固定搭配，意思是“与有关”，符合句意。glue 意为“粘”，track 意为“追踪”，appoint to 意为“指派”，
31、均不符合题意。故选 Brelated。(5).A. scraping B. denying C. depressing D. shrinking（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查动名词辨析。句中 something是前文 something in the environment的同义复现，本句意为“与环境相关的因素可能是绿地_”，选项中 shrinking意为“缩减，减少”，符合题意，故选 Dshirinking。scraping“碎屑”，denying“否认”，depressing“压抑”，均不符合题意。(6).A. published B. simulated C. il
32、luminated D. circulated（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。根据选项并分析句子结构可知，空格内应填入一个动词过去分词作后置定语，修饰 research。后文的 The American Journal of Preventive Medicine是期刊名称。综合理解，应选表示“发表研究”的词，故选 Apublished。simulate 意为“模仿”，illuminate 意为“阐明”，circulate意为“流通”，均不符合语境。(7).A. at B. to C. for D. over（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查介词
33、辨析。句中的 it指代的是前文提到的 new research，get 在这里作使役动词。to是“朝着方向”的意思，后接动名词作宾语。本句意为“但是，这一研究的确让我们进一步确认了是什么在起作用及其原因”，故选 Bto。(8).A. fully B. simply C. seriously D. uniquely（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查副词辨析。空格处所在句意为“靠近绿地_意味着孩子有更多的空间玩耍”。Bsimply“简单地”符合文意，同时也是“at its most straightforward(最直接地)”的同义复现，故选 Bsimply。fully 意为“完
34、全地”，seriously 意为“严肃地；认真地”，uniquely 意为“独特地”，均不符合题意。(9).A. vital B. casual C. fatal D. subtle（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。本句是一个定语从句，关系代词 which指代的是前面的 more places for kids to play，意为“孩子有更多的空间玩耍是_，因为在户外活动的时间是与孩子的活动强度最相关的因素之一”。由后文阐述的原因可以看出，孩子有更多的空间玩耍很重要，故选Avital。casual“随便的”，fatal“致命的”，subtle“微妙的”，均不符合
35、文意。(10).A. still B. already C. too D. yet（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查逻辑关系。空格处所在的句意为“但是，绿地空间_有利于心理”。前文讲到绿地空间有利于孩子的健康，这是身体上的好处。这里又提到心理上的益处。故 Ctoo“也”符合语境。(11).A. benefits B. profits C. revenues D. awards（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。原文中的“research by environmental psychologists.attention-deficit disorder
36、”是对“green space is good for the mind too”的解释。“attention-deficit disorder(注意力缺陷障碍)”属于心理疾病，所以对于患有这种病的孩子来说，it(代绿地)应是有认知上的好处，“it has cognitive benefits”是“is good for”的同义复现，故选 Abenefits。profit 意为“利润”，revenue 意为“收入”，award 意为“奖赏”，均不符合题意。(12).A. outward B. apart C. aside D. outside（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查
37、副词辨析。空格处所在的句意为“在一项研究中，仅仅在_绿色环境下阅读就可改善孩子的症状。”这句话是为证明绿地利于心理健康而举的一项实例。有绿化环境的地方应该是在户外，outside意为“在外面”，表示状态，而 outward是“向外”，表示动作，故选 Doutside。(13).A. Immunity B. Reaction C. Exposure D. Addiction（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。结合选项和题干，将选项一一和题干进行搭配，Immunity 意为“免除，免疫力”，immunity to grassy areas“完全远离草地”；Reaction
38、 意为“反应，回应”，不合逻辑；Exposure意为“暴露，接触”；Addiction 意为“着迷”，不合逻辑。再根据后文的。lower body mass index推断，应该是接触草地，故选 CExposure。(14).A. much B. less C. more D. little（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查逻辑关系。题干与 lower body mass index(更低的体重指数)并列，结构和意思一致，故选 Bless。(15).A. installment B. expedition C. analysis D. option（分数：2.50）A.B.C
39、. D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。空格处所在句意为“一项对 3000名东京居民的_表明”，根据文意，此处应填有“分析结果”之意的词。Canalysis 意为“分析报告，分析结果”，符合句意，为正确答案。installment 意为“部分，分期付款”，expedition 意为“远征，探险”，option 意为“选择”，均不符合题意。(16).A. curiously B. negatively C. necessarily D. comfortably（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查副词辨析。空格处所在的句意为“格拉斯提醒大家，大多数研究不_能证明绿色与健康之间存在因果关系
40、”，Cnecessarily“必然地”符合句意，为正确答案。curiously 意为“好奇地”，negatively 意为“否定地，消极地”，comfortably 意为“舒服地，舒适地”，均不符合语境。(17).A. relieved B. delegated C. approved D. performed（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。空格处所在的句意为“在九月份，美国众议院_了名为不让一个孩子留在室内的法案”，由此可知需要填写的词要能与 act“法案”搭配，故应是“通过或批准法案”，Capproved 意为“批准，认可”，符合句意，故选 C项。reliev
41、ed 意为“解除，缓解”；delegated 意为“授权，委派(做)”，performed 意为“执行，履行”，均不符合句意。(18).A. merely B. always C. mainly D. almost（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查副词辨析。空格处所在的句意为“找到绿色空间并不_是那么容易，你可能不得不努力来为家人创造一些草地和树木”，由此看出，“找到绿色空间并不总是那么容易”，符合文意，故选 Balways。merely 意为“仅仅，只”，mainly 意为“大体上，主要地”，almost 意为“几乎，差不多”，均不符合句意。(19).A. advantag
42、e B. exception C. measure D. charge（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查词语搭配。空格处所在的句意为“如果你住在郊区或者有着不错公园的城市，那么请_那里的一切”。take advantage of 意为“利用”，符合文意，故选 Aadvantage。take exception意为“反对，有反感”，后接介词 at/against/to，不接 of；take measure 意为“采取措施”；take charge of意为“掌管”，均不符合语境。(20).A. elevated B. merciful C. contented D. grate
43、ful（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。空格处所在的句意为“你的孩子会尤其喜欢那里他们的身心都会因此_你”。显然，空格内应填入一个褒义的形容词来表明你和孩子的关系，并且能够与 to搭配。综合只能选 Dgrateful，be grateful to 意为“对心存感激”。elevated 意为“(人、工作、角色等)重要的，地位高的；(想法、思想等)高尚的，崇高的”，merciful 意为“仁慈的，宽厚的”，contented 意为“满意的，满足的”，均不符合句意。An important factor of leadership is attraction. This
44、 does not mean attractiveness in the ordinary sense, for that is a born quality (1) our control.The leader has, nevertheless, to be a magnet; a central figure towards whom people are (2) . Magnetism in that sense depends, first of all, (3) being seen. There is a type of authority which can be (4) fr
45、om behind closed doors, but that is not leadership. (5) there is movement and action, the true leader is in the forefront and may seem, indeed, to be everywhere at once. He has to become a legend; the (6) for anecdotes, whether true or (7) ; character.One of the simplest devices is to be absent (8)
46、the occasion when the leader might be (9) to be there, enough in itself to start a rumor about the vital business (10) has detained him. To (11) up for this, he can appeal when least expected, giving rise to another story about the interest he can display (12) things which other folks might (13) as
47、trivial.With this gift for (14) curiosity the leader always combines a reluctance to talk about himself. His interest is (15) in other people; he questions them and encourages them to talk and then remembers all (16) is relevant. He never leaves a party (17) he has mentally field a minimum dossier (
48、档案) on (18) present, ensuring that he knows (19) to say when he meets them again. He is not artificially extrovert but he would usually rather listen (20) talk. Others realize gradually that his importance needs no proof.（分数：50.00）(1).A. in B. beyond C. under D. of（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查短语辨析。本句意为
49、：领导艺术的一个最重要的因素是吸引力。这不是指普通意义上的吸引力，因为那是一种我们_天生的品质。in control of 意为“持有对的控制力”：beyond ones control意为“无法控制，在控制力之外”；under control 意为“在的控制之下，得到控制”。由 born“天生的”一词可判断 B项符合题意。(2).A. united B. dragged C. drawn D. hauled（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。本句意为：然而，领导者必须是一块磁石，一位能把他人_到身边的中心人物。draw to/towards“吸引”符合题意。drag“拖拽，(工作、时间)缓慢而协调地进行”，haul“用力拖拉”，unite“联合”，均不合题意。(3).A. at B. in C. about D. on（分数：2.50）A.B.C
