1、考研英语知识运用分类精讲社会伦理类-(二)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：2，分数：100.00)A single status may have multiple roles attached to it, constituting a role set. Consider the status of a patient in a hospital. The status (1) the sick role; another role as the (2) of other patients; still another
2、 role as the “appreciative“ receiver of the (3) and attention of friends and family members; one role as a consumer of newspapers, magazines, and other small items (4) from a hospital attendant; and a role as (5) of a number of friendly hospital personnel. Or consider your (6) as a family member. Yo
3、ur status includes a variety of roles, (7) , parent and child, uncle, spouse, and cousin. Clearly, a role does not (8) in a social vacuum; it is a bundle of activities that are connected with the activities of other people. For this (9) there can be no professors without students, no husbands withou
4、t wives, no whites without nonwhites, and no lawyers without (10) .Roles affect us as sets of norms that (11) our dutiesthe actions others can legitimately insist that we perform, and our rightthe actions we can (12) insist that others perform. Every role has at least one (13) role attached to it; t
5、he rights of one role are the (14) of the other role. As we have noted, we have a social niche for the sick. Sick people have rightsour society says they do not have to (15) in usual ways until they get well. (16) sick people also have the duty to get well and “not enjoy themselves too much“. The si
6、ck role also entails an (17) to another partythe physician. The physician must (18) the patient as trying to get wellthis is the physicians right and the patients duty. And the patient must see the doctor as sincerethe (19) right and the physicians duty. It should come as no surprise (20) the qualit
7、y of medical care falters when patient and physician role expectations break down.（分数：50.00）(1).A. implies B. involves C. imposes D. interacts（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. attendant B. friend C. assistant D. peer（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. necessities B. objects C. presents D. commodities（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(4).
8、A. purchased B. acquired C. delivered D. secured（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. patient B. acquaintance C. partner D. supervisor（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. status B. role C. rank D. position（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. by contrast B. for instance C. or else D. of course（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. survive B. arise C. exi
9、st D. practice（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. cause B. reason C. purpose D. sake（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. judges B. jury C. suspects D. clients（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. modify B. confine C. define D. notify（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. rationally B. strongly C. legitimately D. theoretically（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A.
10、 reciprocal B. single C. multiple D. intricate（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. rights B. duties C. actions D. benefits（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. perform B. follow C. respond D. function（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. And B. But C. So D. Or（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. advice B. evaluation C. inspection D. appeal（分数：2.50）
11、A.B.C.D.(18).A. perceive B. assume C. stimulate D. warrant（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. patients B. doctors C. physicians D. relatives（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. because B. what C. that D. how（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.The horse and carriage is a thing of the past. But love and marriage are still with us and still cl
12、osely interrelated. Most American marriages, particularly first marriages (1) young couples are the result of (2) attraction and affection (3) than practical considerations.In the United States, parents do not arrange marriages for their children. Teenagers begin (4) in high school and usually find
13、mates through their own academic and social (5) . Though young people feel (6) to choose their friends from (7) groups, most choose a mate of similar background. This is (8) in part to parental guidance. Parents cannot select spouses for their children, but they can usually (9) choices by (10) disap
14、proval of someone they consider unsuitable.(11) , marriages between members of different groups (interclass, interfaith, and interracial marriages) are increasing, probably because of the greater (12) of todays youth and the fact that they are restricted by (13) prejudices than their parents. Many y
15、oung people leave their home towns to attend college, (14) in the armed forces, (15) pursue a career in a bigger city. Once away from home and family, they are more (16) to date and marry outside their own social group. In mobile American society, interclass marriages are neither (17) nor shocking.
16、Interfaith marriages are (18) the rise particularly between Protestants and Catholics. On the other hand, interracial marriage is still very uncommon. It can be difficult for interracial couples to find a place to live, maintain friendships, and (19) a family. Marriages between people of different n
17、ational (20) (but the same race and religion) have been commonplace here since colonial times.（分数：50.00）(1).A. linking B. concerning C. connecting D. correlating（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. personal B. unusual C. emotional D. magnetic（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. more B. less C. rather D. other（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D
18、.(4).A. dating B. appointment C. engagement D. matching（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. position B. association C. contacts D. contract（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. certain B. embarrassed C. hesitated D. free（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. similar B. identical C. differential D. diverse（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. for B. likel
19、y C. due D. because（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. influence B. give C. make D. offer（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. sounding B. avoiding C. expecting D. voicing（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. Moreover B. However C. Therefore D. Furthermore（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. mobility B. motive C. moral D. mission（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(1
20、3).A. less B. rather C. fewer D. many（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. work B. serve C. stay D. remain（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. but B. otherwise C. likewise D. or（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. probable B. likely C. reluctant D. readily（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. rare B. scarce C. seared D. relieved（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(18
21、).A. in B. at C. on D. for（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. raise B. obtain C. grow D. unite（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. origin B. source C. resource D. base（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.考研英语知识运用分类精讲社会伦理类-(二)答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：2，分数：100.00)A single status may have multiple roles attached to it,
22、 constituting a role set. Consider the status of a patient in a hospital. The status (1) the sick role; another role as the (2) of other patients; still another role as the “appreciative“ receiver of the (3) and attention of friends and family members; one role as a consumer of newspapers, magazines
23、, and other small items (4) from a hospital attendant; and a role as (5) of a number of friendly hospital personnel. Or consider your (6) as a family member. Your status includes a variety of roles, (7) , parent and child, uncle, spouse, and cousin. Clearly, a role does not (8) in a social vacuum; i
24、t is a bundle of activities that are connected with the activities of other people. For this (9) there can be no professors without students, no husbands without wives, no whites without nonwhites, and no lawyers without (10) .Roles affect us as sets of norms that (11) our dutiesthe actions others c
25、an legitimately insist that we perform, and our rightthe actions we can (12) insist that others perform. Every role has at least one (13) role attached to it; the rights of one role are the (14) of the other role. As we have noted, we have a social niche for the sick. Sick people have rightsour soci
26、ety says they do not have to (15) in usual ways until they get well. (16) sick people also have the duty to get well and “not enjoy themselves too much“. The sick role also entails an (17) to another partythe physician. The physician must (18) the patient as trying to get wellthis is the physicians
27、right and the patients duty. And the patient must see the doctor as sincerethe (19) right and the physicians duty. It should come as no surprise (20) the quality of medical care falters when patient and physician role expectations break down.（分数：50.00）(1).A. implies B. involves C. imposes D. interac
28、ts（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。根据段首句得知，每一种身份都有可能附带多重角色，构成了一组角色集(a role set)。接下来作者举病人身份的例子进一步说明角色集。根据上文，空格处应填入有“包括”这类意思的动词。因此 Binvolves“包括，包含”符合句意。A、C、D 项分别表示“意味，暗示”、“强加于”、“相互作用”，均不合文意。(2).A. attendant B. friend C. assistant D. peer（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查名词辨析。本句意为：在另一个角度是其他病人的_。显然病人在医院里不可能是其他病人的
29、 attendant“护理人员”及 assistant“助手”。同样，也很难说医院里的病人互相都是friend“朋友”。只有 D项 peer“同等地位的人”才与句意相符。the peer of other patients 意为“病友”。(3).A. necessities B. objects C. presents D. commodities（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。家人和朋友去医院探望病人带来的不一定是 necessities“必需品”和commodities“商品”。objects“物品”范围过大，presents“礼物”最恰当，故答案为 C项。(
30、4).A. purchased B. acquired C. delivered D. secured（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。从句子中关键词 consumer“消费者”可推断，空格处应填入表示 C项“购买”这一意思的词。本句意为：(病人们)还扮演着消费者的角色，他们从医院服务人员那里购买报纸、杂志及其他小东西。Apurchased“购买”符合文意。Bacquired“获得”，Cdelivered“递送”，Dsecured“担保，保卫”，均不合文意。(5).A. patient B. acquaintance C. partner D. supervisor
31、（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。本句意为：病人在医院里的另一个角色是一些和蔼的医务人员的_。这时，填入 A项 patient“病人”显然造成意思重复。且病人在医院里不可能充当医务人员的partner。“合伙人”或 supervisor“监督人”。B 项 acquaintance“熟人”符合常理，是正确答案。(6).A. status B. role C. rank D. position（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。此句是对段首句进一步阐述说明的第二个例子，即以家庭成员这一身份作例子。与第一个例子相对应，A 项 status“身份”
32、符合文意。role“角色”，rank“等级”，position“位置”，均不合文意。(7).A. by contrast B. for instance C. or else D. of course（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查短语辨析。空格后的 parent and child，uncle，spouse，and cousin 是前面 a variety of roles的例子。因此它们之间应填入“例如”之类的词。B 项 for instance“例如”是插入语，符合文意。其他三项均可排除。(8).A. survive B. arise C. exist D. prac
33、tice（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。由下一分句 it is a bundle of activities that are connected with the activities of other people(许多活动与其他人的行为联系在一起)可知，角色处于同其他角色的联系中，而不是处于“社会真空”中。因此，空格中应填入表示“存在”意思的词。因此正确答案应为 C项 exist。(9).A. cause B. reason C. purpose D. sake（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。c 项 purpose“目的”与句意
34、不符，可先排除；D 项 sake“缘故，理由”一般用于短语 for the sake of或 for sb. s/sth. s sake；A 项 cause与 B项 reason均可表示原因，但前者强调“事情的起因”，后者强调“理由”。从句意分析，应选 B项。for this sake 意为“为此，由于这个原因”。(10).A. judges B. jury C. suspects D. clients（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查名词辨析。句中 and连接几组并列的成分，由并列成分中 professors与students，husbands 与 wives等的对应关系判
35、断，空格处需填入的词应与 lawyers“律师”对应，故正确答案应为 D项 clients“当事人，委托人”。(11).A. modify B. confine C. define D. notify（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。本句意为：角色以准则的形式影响我们，这些准则_了我们的职责，即别人可以合法地坚持要求我们履行的行为”。A 项 modify“更改，修改”与上下文的意思不符；B项 confine“限制，局限于”一般后接介词 to；D 项 notify“通知，告知”的主语应是人，也不合适。故正确答案为 C项 define“规定”。(12).A. ratio
36、nally B. strongly C. legitimately D. theoretically（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查副词辨析。句中 and连接两个并列的成分。由前一部分 our dutiesthe actions others can legitimately insist that we perform(我们的职责即指那些他人认为我们必须做的事)可推知，后一部分的空格处也应填入 legitimately，这样整个句子的意思才一致、完整。(13).A. reciprocal B. single C. multiple D. intricate（分数：2.50
37、）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。第一段提到角色不是存在于“社会真空”中，而是存在于同其他角色的联系中。由此可进一步推断，此句的意思是：每个角色至少有一个相应的角色与它相关联。A 项reciprocal“相互的，对等的”符合句意，是正确答案。single“单一的”，multiple“多重的，多样的”，intricate“复杂的”均不合文意。(14).A. rights B. duties C. actions D. benefits（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。根据本段第一句，角色规定我们既有为别人履行某些行为的义务，又有要求别人履行某些行动的权利
38、。可以判断，本句空格处应填入表示“义务”这一意思的词。四个选项中只有B项 duties符合句意。(15).A. perform B. follow C. respond D. function（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查动词辨析。本句意为：病人有权利我们的社会表明，病人在康复之前可以不必按通常的方式_。A 项 perform意为“执行，完成”；B 项 follow意为“跟随，理解”；C 项 respond意为“响应，回答”；D 项 function意为“行使(职责)”。根据句意，应选 D项。(16).A. And B. But C. So D. Or（分数：2.50）A
39、.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查逻辑关系。上一句在说病人的权利，本句则指出了病人的义务(病人有义务使自己康复，而不是“沉浸在生病卧床的状态之中)。因此本句语气发生了转折。B 项 But符合句意，因此是正确答案。(17).A. advice B. evaluation C. inspection D. appeal（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查名词辨析。本题要求填入一个符合句意又能与介词 to搭配的名词。A 项 advice“忠告”一般与 for搭配使用：B 项 evaluation“评估”和 C项 inspection“检查”从意思和搭配角度看均不符合题意，故排除；D 项
40、 appeal“呼吁，恳求”后常接 to，填入后也符合句意，因而是正确答案。本句意为：病人这一角色又对另一方医生提出要求。(18).A. perceive B. assume C. stimulate D. warrant（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。A 项 perceive意为“把看作，认为”；B 项 assume意为“假定，想当然地认为”：C 项 stimulate意为“刺激，激发”；D 项 warrant意为“保证，担保”。从意思上看，C项 stimulate与句意明显不符，可首先排除：B 项 assume和 D项 warrant均不能与 as搭配使用。只
41、有 A项可与 as搭配使用，也符合句意。本句意为：医生必须把病人视作极力想健康的人这是医生的权利和病人的义务。(19).A. patients B. doctors C. physicians D. relatives（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查上下文理解。此句和上句指出了医生和病人各自的权利和义务，由上一句“医生必须把病人视作极力想健康的人这是医生的权利和病人的义务”可推断。下一句的意思是：病人必须把医生视作真诚地为他治病的人这是病人的权利和医生的义务。故选 A项。(20).A. because B. what C. that D. how（分数：2.50）A.B.C
42、. D.解析：解析 考查语法结构。本句意为：不难料想，若是病人与医师彼此的角色期望模糊崩塌，那么医护水平将难以提升。从句子结构分析，it 在句中作形式主语，空格处需填入一个引导主语从句的连接词。因为主语从句是一个陈述句，故用连接词 that来引导。The horse and carriage is a thing of the past. But love and marriage are still with us and still closely interrelated. Most American marriages, particularly first marriages (1)
43、 young couples are the result of (2) attraction and affection (3) than practical considerations.In the United States, parents do not arrange marriages for their children. Teenagers begin (4) in high school and usually find mates through their own academic and social (5) . Though young people feel (6
44、) to choose their friends from (7) groups, most choose a mate of similar background. This is (8) in part to parental guidance. Parents cannot select spouses for their children, but they can usually (9) choices by (10) disapproval of someone they consider unsuitable.(11) , marriages between members o
45、f different groups (interclass, interfaith, and interracial marriages) are increasing, probably because of the greater (12) of todays youth and the fact that they are restricted by (13) prejudices than their parents. Many young people leave their home towns to attend college, (14) in the armed force
46、s, (15) pursue a career in a bigger city. Once away from home and family, they are more (16) to date and marry outside their own social group. In mobile American society, interclass marriages are neither (17) nor shocking. Interfaith marriages are (18) the rise particularly between Protestants and C
47、atholics. On the other hand, interracial marriage is still very uncommon. It can be difficult for interracial couples to find a place to live, maintain friendships, and (19) a family. Marriages between people of different national (20) (but the same race and religion) have been commonplace here sinc
48、e colonial times.（分数：50.00）(1).A. linking B. concerning C. connecting D. correlating（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，此处强调的是“关于年轻夫妻的第一次婚姻”。Bconcerning 意为“涉及，关于”，符合语境，为正确答案。其他选项：linking，connecting，correlating 表示的是一个动作概念，意为“连接。结合”，不如 concerning准确与恰当。(2).A. personal B. unusual C. emotional D. magne
49、tic（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。本句的主语为 Most American marriages(大多数美国人的婚姻)，空格处形容词修饰 attraction and affection(吸引和爱慕)，句子的意思为“尤其是年轻人的初次婚姻依然是_吸引和爱慕的结果”，而且句子中有相对应的成分：practical。因此 Cemotional“情感的”符合句意，为正确选项。personal“个人的”，unusual“不常见的，罕见的”，magnetic“磁石的”，均不符合题意。(3).A. more B. less C. rather D. other（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查逻辑关系。空格处所在句子的意思为：大多数美国人的婚姻，尤其是年轻人的初次婚姻，依然是情感相吸和互相爱慕的结果，_处于现实的考虑。空格两边明显是对立的，rather than意为“而不是”，符合句意，因此正确答案为 Crather。“more th
