1、考研英语知识运用分类精讲文化教育类-(三)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：2，分数：100.00)All Sumerian cities recognized a number of gods in common, including the sky god, the lord of storms, and the morning and evening star. (1) the Sumerian worshipped the goddess of fertility, love, and war, she was ev
2、idently lower (2) status than the male gods, indicating that in a more urbanized society the (3) that the peoples of previous times had paid to the earth mother goddess had (4) . The gods seemed hopelessly violent and (5) , and ones life a period of slavery at their easy will. The epic poem The Crea
3、tion emphasizes that (6) were created to enable the gods to (7) up working. Each city moreover had its own god, who was considered to (8) the temple literally and who was in theory the owner of all property within the city. (9) the priests who interpreted the will of the god and controlled the (10)
4、of the economic produce of the city were favored (11) their supernatural and material functions (12) . When, after 3,000 B.C., growing warfare among the cities made military leadership (13) , the head of the army who became king assumed a(n) (14) position between the god, whose agent he was, and the
5、 priestly class, whom he had both to use and to (15) . Thus king and priests represented the upper class in a hierarchical society. (16) them were the scribes, the secular attendants of the temple, who (17) every aspect of the citys economic life and who developed a rough judicial system. (18) the t
6、emple officials, society was divided among an elite or (19) group of large landowners and military leaders; a mixed group of merchants, artisans, and craftsmen, free peasants who (20) the majority of the population; and slaves.（分数：50.00）(1).A. Unless B. As C. Lest D. Although（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A.
7、on B. in C. with D. about（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. worship B. reverence C. admiration D. gratitude（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. vanished B. recovered C. declined D. attained（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. unpredictable B. unforgivable C. unlimited D. unlikely（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. creatures B. animals C. men D. mo
8、rtals（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. use B. turn C. give D. back（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. inhabit B. live C. reside D. lodge（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. Hence B. Thereafter C. Somehow D. Incidentally（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. introduction B. transaction C. distribution D. provision（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. as B. for
9、C. under D. of（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. along B. anyway C. afterwards D. alike（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. additional B. vital C. singular D. exceptional（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. alternative B. secondary C. intermediate D. fundamental（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. pacify B. tempt C. suppress D. manipulate（分数：2.
10、50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. Beside B. Beyond C. Below D. Before（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. supervised B. held C. managed D. presided（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. Around B. Under C. Above D. Outside（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. leading B. noble C. controlling D. principal（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. consist B. compose C. comp
11、ile D. consume（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.Alcohol use is the number one drug problem among young people. Its easy to understand why. For adults, alcohol is legal, widely (1) in American culture and easily (2) . Many kids can get a drink right in their own homes. (3) are drinking younger and more frequently tha
12、n (4) , often beginning around age 13, according to studies. The average number of alcoholic drinks among college students is five on a single (5) , according to a recent survey. Among those younger 21, it is 5.5 drinks, and among (6) 21 and older, it is 4.2 drinks.Young people almost always begin d
13、rinking because of (7) pressure, in an attempt to be accepted and (8) in the group. According to the U.S. Surgeon General, more than half of junior and senior high school students drink alcoholic (9) . More than 40 percent of those who drink admit to drinking when upset, 31 percent admit to drinking
14、 (10) , 25 percent admit to drinking when (11) and 25 percent admit to drinking to get “ (12) .“This is a (13) , serious problem (14) college campuses today. In 1997 Harvard Universitys School of Public Health surveyed students at 130 colleges for a college (15) study and found about two of every fi
15、ve college students (16) in binge drinking. (17) binge drinkers at college were 22 times more (18) than non-binge drinkers to have problems, (19) missed classes, falling behind in school work, getting in trouble or hurt and engaging in (20) sexual activity.（分数：50.00）(1).A. received B. accepted C. ac
16、knowledged D. admitted（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. accountable B. achievable C. accessible D. agreeable（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Teenagers B. Grown-ups C. Children D. Adults（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. predominantly B. preferentially C. previously D. precisely（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. occasion B. event C. situati
17、on D. gathering（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. these B. those C. which D. whom（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. pear B. peel C. peer D. pool（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. improved B. included C. inspired D. instructed（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. beers B. whiskies C. beverages D. wines（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. alone B. along C. al
18、oud D. aloof（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. bored B. boring C. excited D. exciting（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. low B. high C. cool D. warm（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. dead B. death C. deadening D. deadly（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. of B. in C. on D. about（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. alcohol B. alcoholic C. alcoholism D. a
19、lcoholization（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. endeavor B. engage C. insist D. practise（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. Consequent B. Subsequent C. Incident D. Frequent（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. possible B. lively C. likely D. feasible（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. known as B. remembered as C. much as D. such as（分数：2.50）A.B
20、.C.D.(20).A. unperceived B. unplaced C. unplanned D. undiscovered（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.考研英语知识运用分类精讲文化教育类-(三)答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：2，分数：100.00)All Sumerian cities recognized a number of gods in common, including the sky god, the lord of storms, and the morning and evening star
21、. (1) the Sumerian worshipped the goddess of fertility, love, and war, she was evidently lower (2) status than the male gods, indicating that in a more urbanized society the (3) that the peoples of previous times had paid to the earth mother goddess had (4) . The gods seemed hopelessly violent and (
22、5) , and ones life a period of slavery at their easy will. The epic poem The Creation emphasizes that (6) were created to enable the gods to (7) up working. Each city moreover had its own god, who was considered to (8) the temple literally and who was in theory the owner of all property within the c
23、ity. (9) the priests who interpreted the will of the god and controlled the (10) of the economic produce of the city were favored (11) their supernatural and material functions (12) . When, after 3,000 B.C., growing warfare among the cities made military leadership (13) , the head of the army who be
24、came king assumed a(n) (14) position between the god, whose agent he was, and the priestly class, whom he had both to use and to (15) . Thus king and priests represented the upper class in a hierarchical society. (16) them were the scribes, the secular attendants of the temple, who (17) every aspect
25、 of the citys economic life and who developed a rough judicial system. (18) the temple officials, society was divided among an elite or (19) group of large landowners and military leaders; a mixed group of merchants, artisans, and craftsmen, free peasants who (20) the majority of the population; and
26、 slaves.（分数：50.00）(1).A. Unless B. As C. Lest D. Although（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查逻辑关系。空格处填入的连词出现在句首，说明空格所在分句与下文之间的逻辑关系。选项中，Unless 表条件，意为“除非”；As 作连词，表时间或原因，意为“当时，因为，由于”；Lest表目的，意为“惟恐，以免”；Although 表让步，意为“虽然，尽管”。根据文意，“苏美尔人崇拜代表繁衍、爱和战争的女神”与“她在地位上却明显低于男性的神”之间存在转折关系，因此选DAlthough。(2).A. on B. in C. with D
27、. about（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查介词辨析。空格所在部分存在一个形容词的比较级，即 lower than.。空格处的介词和 status搭配，表示“在地位方面”。in 常用在形容词后，表示“在方面”。因此 Bin 为正确选项。其他选项都可与形容词连用。on 表示“影响到”；with 表示“关于，对于”，也可表示“因为，由于”；about 表示“关于，对于”，均不符合题意。(3).A. worship B. reverence C. admiration D. gratitude（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。空格所在部分为分词结构，
28、作状语，即 indicating that.。其中 that引导宾语从句，空格处填入的名词为从句的主语。该名词后又跟有 that引导的定语从句：that the peoples.goddess。将空格处的名词，即 that代替的先行词放回定语从句，其完整结构是：the peoples of previous times had paid _ to the earth mother goddess。四个选项为近义词，worship意为“崇拜，敬仰”，reverence 意为“尊敬，崇敬”，admiration 意为“钦佩，赞赏，羡慕”，gratitude意为“感谢”。从含义上看。人类对神应该是“
29、崇拜”或“崇敬”，因此 worship和reverence比较恰当。其次，句中的搭配是 pay sth. to sb. ，表示“付出某事物给某人”。常用于这种搭配的是 reverence及其同义词 respect，pay reverence/respect to 意为“尊敬，向致敬”。因此本题应选 Breverence。(4).A. vanished B. recovered C. declined D. attained（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。vanish 意为“消失”；recover 意为“恢复，复原”；decline 意为“减少，下降，衰弱”；att
30、ain 意为“达到，获得”，由上文可知，苏美尔人崇拜女神，但她的地位低于男性的神。可见，这种崇拜已经减少。因此 Cdeclined 为正确答案。(5).A. unpredictable B. unforgivable C. unlimited D. unlikely（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。空格处填入的形容词与 violent并列，说明神的特点。本句句意为：神似乎都极其暴力且_。下文 and连接的并列分句是对空格所在分句的解释：人的一生将是任他们摆布和奴役的一生。导致这种结果的特点应该是“捉摸不定的”，因此 Aunpredictable 为正确答案。unp
31、redictable意为“不可预知的，捉摸不定的”，其他选项 unforgivable意为“不可原谅的”，unlimited意为“无限的，不受限制的”，unlikely 意为“不太可能的”，均不符合题意。(6).A. creatures B. animals C. men D. mortals（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查名词辨析。上文提到，神使人的一生成为任他们摆布和奴役的一生。空格所在分句则从创世记找到证据支持上文中的观点，因此该句的内容仍然是关于神和人的关系。空格处应填入表示“人类”的名词。creature 意为“生物”，指人时多带有感情色彩，指具有某种特征的人；a
32、nimals 意为“动物”：men 是 man的复数形式，意为“男人们”，指人类时应用其单数形式 man；mortal 作形容词时，意为“终将死亡的”；作名词时，意为“凡人，普通人”。因此本题应选 Dmortals。(7).A. use B. turn C. give D. back（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查动词短语辨析。空格处填入的动词与副词 up搭配构成短语动词。use up 意为“用完，耗尽”；turn up 意为“开大(音量、热量等)；找到，发现”；give up 意为“放弃”，常接动名词作宾语；back up 意为“支持，援助”；根据上下文意，神奴役人类，人
33、被创造出来后神就不用再劳动。因此选 give up，Cgive 为正确答案。(8).A. inhabit B. live C. reside D. lodge（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。空格处填入动词，其宾语是 the temple(庙宇)，其逻辑主语是 who替代的名词 god(神)。选项中的四个动词为近义词，都可表示“居住”，但能够作及物动词的只有 inhabit，它意为“居住在，栖息于”，因此 Ainhabit 为正确答案。其他项意为“居住”时都只能作不及物动词，live也可作及物动词，但意为“(以某种方式)生活，过日子”。(9).A. Hence B.
34、 Thereafter C. Somehow D. Incidentally（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查逻辑关系。空格处填入的副词出现在句首，表示空格所在分句与上文的逻辑关系。Hence表示因果关系，意为“因此，所以”；Thereafter 表示时间关系，意为“其后，从那时以后”；Somehow意为“由于某种未知的原因，不知怎么地”；Incidentally 意为“顺便提一句；偶然地，附带地”。空格上一句提到，神是城邦里所有财产的拥有者。空格所在分句的主干结构是 the priests were favored, the priests后 who引导的一个较长的定语从句
35、指出，僧侣诠释神的意志。因此两个分句之间是因果逻辑关系，即由于神的权力很大。所以诠释神的意志的僧侣受到青睐。AHence 为正确答案。(10).A. introduction B. transaction C. distribution D. provision（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。空格处填入名词，和后面的定语 of the economic produce of the city一起作 controlled的宾语。空格处句意是：所以诠释神的意志并且控制城邦经济产品的_的僧侣以他们超自然的以及在物质方面享有的功能而受到青睐。introduction 意为
36、“采用，引进，推行”，transaction意为“办理，处理”，distribution 意为“分配，分布，分发，分送”，provision 意为“提供，供给”。由上文可知，神是所有财产的拥有者，而僧侣诠释神的意志，因此僧侣负责产品的“分配”，Cdistribution 为正确答案。(11).A. as B. for C. under D. of（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查介词辨析。空格所在句子的主干结构是 the priests were favored，后面紧跟着的介词短语“their supernatural and material functions”作状语。
37、用在动词后，as 意为“作为，当作”；for意为“为了；因为”；under 意为“在下面；根据，按照；受影响”；of 用在某些动词后，接动作所涉及的人或事。根据句意，应选表原因的介词，因此 Bfor 为正确答案。(12).A. along B. anyway C. afterwards D. alike（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查副词辨析。空格处填入的词出现在句末，用在两个并列的名词supernatural (functions) and material functions之后。有这种用法的是 Dalike，它作副词时可用在提到的两个人或两种事物之后，意为“两者都，同
38、样地”。其他项都可作副词，along 意为“向前”，anyway 意为“不管怎样”：afterwards 意为“以后，后来”，均不符合文意。(13).A. additional B. vital C. singular D. exceptional（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。空格所在部分是 when引导的时间状语从句，其主干结构是 warfare made military leadership _. 空格处填入的形容词作宾补。additional 意为“附加的，另外的”；vital意为“至关重要的”，singular 意为“单数的；非凡的，显著的”，exc
39、eptional 意为“杰出的，优秀的；异常的，特别的”。根据句意，应该是“战争使军事领导才能更显重要”，因此 Bvital 为正确答案。(14).A. alternative B. secondary C. intermediate D. fundamental（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。空格所在句子的主干是：the head of the army assumed a (n) _ position between the god and the priestly class。alternative 意为“可供替换的”，secondary 意为“次要的，从
40、属的”；intermediate 意为“(两地、两物、两种状态等)之间的，中间的”，fundamental意为“基本的，根本的”。由于下文提到，“居于神和僧侣阶层之间的”，因此空格处应填入 Cintermediate。(15).A. pacify B. tempt C. suppress D. manipulate（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。空格所在部分是 whom引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 the priestly class。将先行词放入从句中，句子的完整形式是：He had the priestly class both to use and to _，
41、其中 both.and连接两个并列的不定式作后置定语。可见，空格处填入的动词的逻辑宾语是“僧侣阶层”。pacify 意为“使平静，抚慰”。tempt 意为“诱惑，鼓动”，suppress 意为“镇压，压制”，manipulate 意为“操纵，(暗中)控制”。从上文可知，国王和僧侣都是神的代言人，但国王居于僧侣之上，因此他们之间的关系不应是“诱惑”或“镇压”。如果选择 manipulate，与 use在含义上出现重复，也应排除。因此 Apacify 为正确答案。(16).A. Beside B. Beyond C. Below D. Before（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考
42、查介词辨析。Beside 意为“在旁边”，Beyond 意为“在(向)较远的一边，超出”，Below 意为“在之下，(数量)少于，(级别、重要性)低于”，Before 意为“在之前”。空格上文提到，国王和僧侣代表了上层阶级。空格下文则介绍书吏是庙宇中负责具体事务的侍臣。显然，书吏的地位应在国王和僧侣之下。因此 CBelow 为正确选项。(17).A. supervised B. held C. managed D. presided（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。空格处填入一动词，其逻辑主语是 who替代的先行词 the scribes (书吏)，逻辑宾语是后面接
43、的名词短语 every aspect of the citys economic life。supervise 意为“监督，管理，指导”，hold 意为“拥有，持有；(军事意义上的)控制，守卫”，manage 意为“管理，负责(公司、球队、组织等)”，preside 意为“主持(会议、仪式等)”。根据句意，“书吏监督城市经济生活的方方面面”，应选 Asupervised。(18).A. Around B. Under C. Above D. Outside（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查介词辨析。Around 意为“在周围”；Under 意为“在之下，少于，低于”；Abov
44、e意为“在上面”；Outside 意为“在外面；不在范围内，不属于”。空格上文介绍了庙宇的官员，下文则介绍了与宗教无关的其他社会阶层。可见，空格处的介词应表示“在(庙宇的官员)之外”的含义，因此 DOutside 正确。(19).A. leading B. noble C. controlling D. principal（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查词语辨析。空格处填入的形容词与 elite(上层的，精英的)并列修饰 group，指的是下文提到的这样一群人(large landowners and military leaders)的特点。leading 意为“最重要的
45、，最成功的”；noble 意为“品质高尚的；贵族的，高贵的”；controlling 一般作动名词，而不作形容词；principal意为“主要的，最重要的”。由于上下文谈论的是社会阶层，因此应选 Bnoble。(20).A. consist B. compose C. compile D. consume（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。空格处填入一动词，其逻辑主语是 who代替的先行词 free peasants，宾语是 the majority of the population。从含义上首先排除 compile和 consume。compile 意为“编写(书
46、、列表、报告等)”；consume 意为“消耗，消费”。consist 和 compose都有“组成”的含义，但consist是不及物动词，要与介词搭配，consist of 意为“由组成”；compose 是及物动词，意为“组成，构成(一个整体)”。因此本题应选 Bcompose。Alcohol use is the number one drug problem among young people. Its easy to understand why. For adults, alcohol is legal, widely (1) in American culture and ea
47、sily (2) . Many kids can get a drink right in their own homes. (3) are drinking younger and more frequently than (4) , often beginning around age 13, according to studies. The average number of alcoholic drinks among college students is five on a single (5) , according to a recent survey. Among thos
48、e younger 21, it is 5.5 drinks, and among (6) 21 and older, it is 4.2 drinks.Young people almost always begin drinking because of (7) pressure, in an attempt to be accepted and (8) in the group. According to the U.S. Surgeon General, more than half of junior and senior high school students drink alc
49、oholic (9) . More than 40 percent of those who drink admit to drinking when upset, 31 percent admit to drinking (10) , 25 percent admit to drinking when (11) and 25 percent admit to drinking to get “ (12) .“This is a (13) , serious problem (14) college campuses today. In 1997 Harvard Universitys School of Public Health surveyed students at 130 colleges for a college (15) study and found about two of every five college students (16) in bi
