1、考研英语二（阅读）-试卷 15 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_The Affordable Care Act, better known as Obamacare,
2、 was supposed to transform American health insurance. Critics have long feared that it would do much more. Republicans have cast Obamacare as a job-killing, economy-crushing villain. On February 4th they appeared to get more ammunition from the Congressional Budget Office(CBO). The CBO, as part of i
3、ts projection of economic growth over the next decade, estimates that Obamacare will lower full-time employment by 2. 3m in 2021, compared with what might have been without reform, and by 2. 5m in 2025. The main reason is not that firms are already slashing jobs to avoid the burden the law imposes,
4、as Republicans have complained, but that Americans will choose to work less. The insight that Obamacare would lower the supply of labour is not new, but the magnitude of the CBO“s estimate isthe 2. 3m drop in 2021 is nearly three times larger than the CBO“s earlier projection. Many factors account f
5、or the decline. Chief among them is the effect of subsidies for health insurance. To help Americans buy coverage on new health “exchanges“ , Obamacare offers tax credits to those earning between 100% and 400% of the federal poverty line(about $ 11,500 to $ 46,000 for a single adult). Those tax credi
6、ts are offered on a sliding scale, by income, so workers in effect pay a higher tax rate as their wages rise. This may dissuade them from trying to earn more. The White House, mining the report for good news, argued that Obamacare liberates American workers. “At the beginning of this year, we noted
7、that as part of this new day in health care, Americans would no longer be trapped in a job just to provide coverage for their families, and would have the opportunity to pursue their dreams,“ the White House press secretary said in a statement. “This CBO report bears that out. “ The supply-side effe
8、cts are not all bad. Some Americans, no longer tied to their employer-provided insurance, may feel freer to take better jobs or start their own businesses. But this effect is unlikely to offset the ranks of people who choose to work less, or not at all. And although leisure is often agreeable, does
9、America really want to encourage its citizens to put their feet up?（分数：10.00）(1).The CBO predicts that_.（分数：2.00）A.financial crisis may soon be comingB.companies will cut staff to avoid burdenC.economic growth will be around the cornerD.unemployment rate may be higher in the next decade(2).The main
10、cause of employment decline is_.（分数：2.00）A.national policyB.economic crisisC.medical insuranceD.health care system(3).American workers may work less because_.（分数：2.00）A.the more they earn, the more tax they payB.they can get subsidies from the governmentC.the less they work, the more free time they
11、haveD.they can enjoy high salary even if they work less(4).Which one is NOT benefit brought by Obamacare?（分数：2.00）A.American workers may have more free time.B.Large number of Americans do not have to go to work.C.People in America have more chances to chase their dreams.D.Americans will not be pitte
12、d in a job to cover family expenses.(5).The author“s attitude towards the effects of health insurance is_.（分数：2.00）A.agreeableB.affirmativeC.doubtfulD.biasedOver the past two decades America“s broken immigration system has confounded one Congress after another, because it never seemed possible to cr
13、eate a law that satisfied the right balance of interests. But some Republicans changed their minds after the 2012 presidential election, when Mitt Romney took just 27% of the Latino vote. It did not take a brilliant strategist to understand the threat: Latinos were growing in number, were increasing
14、ly likely to vote, and were turning away from Republicans in droves. Last June, 14 Republicans in the Senate joined the majority Democrats to pass a comprehensive immigration-reform bill. The effort stalled when the Republican-led House of Representatives said it would not take up the measure. But l
15、ast week it roared back to life when John Boehner, the House Speaker, issued a brief memo to his caucus outlining principles for reform. Although short on specifics, in most respects Mr Boehner“s note echoes the Senate bill. It calls for a secure border, biometrics to track comers and goers, and a d
16、igitized system for employers to check the immigration status of workers. It urges the allocation of visas to suit the demands of American firms. It says that most of the 1. 5m “Dreamers“(illegal immigrants brought to America as children)should be allowed to become citizens. How the ground has shift
17、ed; only three years ago Senate Republicans put a Dream Act to death. These provisions are not universally lovedmany think America already spends too much money keeping people outbut they can command support from both parties in Congress. That may not apply to the knottiest part of reform: what to d
18、o about America“s 11m12m illegal immigrants, two-thirds of whom have lived in the country for over a decade. The Senate bill would allow most undocumented immigrants to apply for citizenship after paying back-taxes, displaying English proficiency, passing a background check and so forth. That, thoug
19、h, was too much for House Republicans to stomach, so Mr Boehner proposes merely to remove the threat of deportation from those who can satisfy a similar laundry list; there will, he says, be “ no special path to citizenship“.（分数：10.00）(1).We can learn from the first paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.Mitt R
20、omney is a presidential candidateB.America“s law system has been confusingC.most Americans turn away from RepublicansD.more and more young people are likely to vote(2).According to Paragraph 2, which one is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.The immigration reform was postponed for a period.B.John Boehner has made
21、 specific details for the reform.C.Republicans once rejected reform of immigration policies.D.Most Democrats have agreed to pass immigration reform bill.(3).Boehner“s memo responds to the Senate Bill in all aspects EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.emphasizing security issueB.meeting the need of companiesC.putting
22、 the Dream Act to deathD.allowing Dreamers to become Americans(4).The thorniest problem of reform is how to_.（分数：2.00）A.acquire support from both partiesB.deal with millions of illicit immigrantsC.drive millions of immigrants out of AmericaD.cut costs on keeping immigrants out of America(5).To becom
23、e an American citizen,undocumented immigrants have to do all EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.having a clean recordB.paying required dutiesC.mastering English wellD.owning social backgroundEven before the opening ceremony, a record had been broken at Sochi: 12 new events, the most for any Olympics, were scheduled
24、 to make their debut . Since the first winter Olympics in 1924, the total has swelled from 16 to 98. Some of the latest batch, such as the women“s ski jump, are variations on existing events. Others will be less familiar to the mainly middle-aged audience. This is as the organisers intended. More th
25、an half of all Americans who watched the 2010 winter Olympics on NBC were over 50. Teenagers hardly tuned in. For the main sponsors, which included Coca-Cola and McDonald“s, as well as for broadcasters and advertisers, this was bad news. Teenagers, in particular, have a big influence on their famili
26、es“ spending habits. In 1948 the BBC offered 1,000 guineas($ 47 ,000 in today“s money)for the right to broadcast that year“s London summer games. The organisers, fearing this would be too much of a financial strain for the broadcaster, turned it down. That amateur spirit has long since gone the way
27、of the tug-of-war event; global broadcasting rights have been the games“ biggest revenue stream for the past 30 years. In London 2012 they hit $2.6 billion. When planning the Olympics, says Ian Henry of Loughborough University, organisers only recently started to think about how well a sport plays o
28、n television and with young people. They added snowboarding in 1998 and last year considered dropping one of the oldest summer Olympic sports, wrestling. It won a reprieve by cutting the number of rounds, making scoring snazzier and adding more women“s events. This year“s additions to a tournament w
29、ere chosen partly because they attract lots of YouTube views and Twitter followers. They include the ski half-pipe; snowboard slope style and the luge team relay. It is all a far cry from curling, in which the team sweep the ice in front of a slowly moving stonethe thrill of which is nicely captured
30、 by the sport“s nickname; “chess on ice“.（分数：10.00）(1).The underlined word “debut“(Para 1, Line 2)most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.appearanceB.contributionC.differenceD.departure(2).According to Paragraph 1, which one is true?（分数：2.00）A.Most spectators of the Winter Olympics are male.B.Organizers int
31、end to attract middle-aged audience.C.12 new records were broken in this winter Olympics.D.More and more new events emerge in winter Olympics.(3).Sponsors of the winter Olympics are disappointed because_.（分数：2.00）A.few females show interest to the gamesB.more than half of the audience are middle-age
32、dC.they can“t attract teenagers, their target customersD.they spend a huge amount of money on advertisement(4).We can learn from Paragraph 4 that_.（分数：2.00）A.there may be more female wrestlers in the gamesB.the sport of wrestling has been canceled last yearC.young people may be more interested in vi
33、deo gamesD.organizers have considered attracting young people for long(5).“Chess on ice“ is a nickname to describe the sport of_.（分数：2.00）A.snowboardB.curlingC.skiingD.luge relayAfter the dotcom boom of the 1990s, the world is about to experience a boom in dots. Over 1,000 new generic top-level doma
34、in names(gTLDs)are set to join the 22 existing ones, such as. com and . org, and the 280 country-specific ones, such as . uk, that now grace the end of web addresses. The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers(ICANN), the nonprofit organisation that manages the web“s address book, recko
35、ns this will boost competition and innovation. It will also increase the cost to businesses of protecting their brands. Some of the new gTLDs, such as . guru and . sexy, will flatter owners“ egos. Others, such as . clothing and . photography, will be used by firms to tout their wares. Among the firs
36、t to go live, on February 4th, was “.web“ written in Arabic script. That made history: until now all generic top-level domains have been written in Latin lettering, meaning internet users with Arabic keyboards had to wrestle with ALT, CTRL and the like to type the last few letters of most websites“
37、names. Other gTLDs in scripts such as Chinese and Russian will follow in the coming months. Firms including Apple, Ford and IWC, a watchmaker, have already applied to register their names as gTLDs. That will allow them to ensure they are not used by crooks or cybersquatters. Google, Amazon and other
38、s have applied for numerous gTLDs, including . app and . kindle, presumably because they want to use them and think they can make money by selling the right to use “second-level“ domains(for example, economist, app), typically for $ 1050 a year. Firms may also be keen to buy certain second-level dom
39、ains to stop them falling into the wrong hands. Donuts, a company that has lodged hundreds of applications for gTLDs, has . wtfand . sucks on its list. But there are costs to owning a gTLD. Firms must pay $ 185 ,000 to ICANN when applying for one, plus $ 25 ,000 for each year they use it. Deciding w
40、hich ones to splash out on is tricky. New domains including . biz and . mobi have been added in the past, but have failed to put a dent in the wildly popular . com. The avalanche of new domains may also confuse web users, who often get to their destinations via search engines rather than by typing w
41、eb addresses into browsers. Greater choice and competition should eventually bring them benefits. But the transition may be . complicated.（分数：10.00）(1).The appearance of new gTLDs is said to_.（分数：2.00）A.enhance innovationB.strengthen cooperationC.protect brands of businessesD.bring benefits to the c
42、ompanies(2).According to the second paragraph, which one is true?（分数：2.00）A.A dotcom with . guru may be selling articles.B.All domain names will remain in Latin spelling.C.Chinese characters may not be used in domains.D.A website with . clothing may be a profitable one.(3).Firms may enjoy buying sec
43、ond-level gTLDs because_.（分数：2.00）A.businesses can make money in this wayB.they are cheaper compared with top-level onesC.they will bring numerous benefits to the companiesD.this will prevent them from being used by bad guys(4).We can conclude from the last two paragraphs that_.（分数：2.00）A.most gTLDs
44、 bring no benefit at allB.it is vital to decide which gTLD to buyC.many new domains made a hit in the pastD.web users rarely type letters into search engines(5).The best title of the text is_.（分数：2.00）A.Boom of the InternetB.New Age of ComputerC.Boom of Domain NamesD.Development of the Website考研英语二（
45、阅读）-试卷 15 答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_解析：The Affordable Care Act, better known as Obamacare,
46、was supposed to transform American health insurance. Critics have long feared that it would do much more. Republicans have cast Obamacare as a job-killing, economy-crushing villain. On February 4th they appeared to get more ammunition from the Congressional Budget Office(CBO). The CBO, as part of it
47、s projection of economic growth over the next decade, estimates that Obamacare will lower full-time employment by 2. 3m in 2021, compared with what might have been without reform, and by 2. 5m in 2025. The main reason is not that firms are already slashing jobs to avoid the burden the law imposes, a
48、s Republicans have complained, but that Americans will choose to work less. The insight that Obamacare would lower the supply of labour is not new, but the magnitude of the CBO“s estimate isthe 2. 3m drop in 2021 is nearly three times larger than the CBO“s earlier projection. Many factors account for the decline. Chief among them is the effect of subsidies for health insurance. To help Americans buy coverage on new health “exchanges“ , Obamacare offers
