1、考研英语二（完形填空）模拟试卷 148及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Scientists say they have found a way to turn body fat into a better type of f
2、at that burns off calories and weight. The US Johns Hopkins team made the【C1】_in rats but believe the same could be done in humans, offering the hope of a new way to treat obesity. 【C2】_the expression of a protein linked to【C3】_not only reduced the animals calorie intake and weight, but also【C4】_the
3、ir fat composition. Brown fat is【C5】_in babies, which they use as a【C6】_source to generate body heat,【C7】_calories at the same time. But as we age our brown fat largely【C8】_and gets replaced by “bad“ white fat, which【C9】_sits as a spare tyre around the waist. “We will need a lot more work to tease t
4、his out, but it could offer a(n)【C10】_way to develop new treatments for obesity“, an expert said. Experts have【C11】_that stimulating the body to make more brown fat【C12】_white fat could be a helpful way to control weight and【C13】_obesity and its related health problems. Various teams have been searc
5、hing for a way to do this, and Dr Sheng Bi and colleagues at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine believe they may have cracked it. They designed an experiment to see【C14】_suppressing an appetite-stimulating protein called NPY would decrease body weight in rats. When they silenced NPY in
6、the brains of the rats they found their appetite and food【C15】_decreased. Even when the rats were fed a very【C16】_, high-fat diet they still managed to keep more weight【C17】_than rats who had fully functioning NPY. The scientists then checked the fat【C18】_of the rats and found an interesting change
7、had occurred. In the rats with silenced NPY expression, some of the bad white fat had been replaced with good brown fat. The researchers are【C19】_that it may be possible to achieve the same effect in people by injecting brown fat stem cells【C20】_the skin to burn white fat and stimulate weight loss.（
8、分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.timeB.breakthroughC.accomplishmentD.effort(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.MamtainingB.ReducingC.MeasuringD.Modifying(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.appetiteB.bloodC.healthD.nerve(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.transferredB.transformedC.transcendedD.transmitted(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.barrenB.fragileC.diverseD.abunda
9、nt(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.powerB.forceC.strengthD.might(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.accumulatingB.addingC.firingD.expending(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.disappearsB.diffusesC.distractsD.distributes(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.approximatelyB.extremelyC.typicallyD.absolutely(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.ampleB.feasibleC.healthyD.tentative(11).【C
10、11】（分数：2.00）A.reasonedB.suspectedC.plannedD.assured(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.rather thanB.as well asC.in addition toD.as to(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.accelerateB.predictC.preventD.retrieve(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.ifB.whereC.thatD.how(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.nutritionB.processC.packD.intake(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.richB.fa
11、bulousC.wonderfulD.delicious(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.offB.fromC.upD.back(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.contentB.compositionC.constitutionD.distinction(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.persistentB.hopefulC.dubiousD.cautious(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.ofB.onC.underD.acrossPeople have wondered for a long time how their personalities an
12、d behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is【C1】_and another is competitive. Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and【C2】_ce
13、rtain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two【C3】_schools of thought on the matter have【C4】_. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of【C5】_between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often【C6】_as “nature v. nurture
14、“. Those who support the “nature“ side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are【C7】_determined by biological and【C8】_factors. That our environment has【C9】_, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extr
15、eme, this theory【C10】_that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely【C11】_by our instincts. Proponents of the “nurture“ theory, or,【C12】_they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts【C1
16、3】_determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely【C14】_by their surroundings. The behaviorists view of the human being is quite【C15】_; they maintain that, like machines, humans【C16】_to environmental stimuli as the【C17】_of their be
17、havior. The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature“ proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. Behaviorists,【C18】_, say that d
18、ifferences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental【C19】_that whites enjoy. Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the【C20】_to our behavior lies somewhere between these tw
19、o extremes.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.fragileB.cooperativeC.credibleD.aggressive(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.exposeB.revealC.overlookD.exhibit(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.distinctB.distinctiveC.apparentD.respective(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.discoveredB.inventedC.developedD.shaped(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.quarrelB.debateC.fightD.par
20、adox(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.referred toB.associated withC.related toD.contributed to(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.particularlyB.scarcelyC.largelyD.invariably(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.mentalB.psychologicalC.physicalD.genetic(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.manyB.littleC.muchD.few(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.maintainsB.doubtsC.suggestsD.requires
21、(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.confirmedB.governedC.intensifiedD.restrained(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.whileB.soC.asD.though(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.withoutB.fromC.againstD.in(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.supervisedB.manipulatedC.shapedD.endowed(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.flexibleB.complicatedC.negativeD.mechanistic(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A
22、.respondB.attributeC.objectD.tumble(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.groundB.basisC.reasonD.base(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.in factB.in a senseC.in shortD.in contrast(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.advantagesB.backgroundsC.traitsD.rights(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.solutionB.resolutionC.accessD.key考研英语二（完形填空）模拟试卷 148答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：9
23、0 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：Scientists say they have found a way to turn body fat into a better type of fat that burns off calories and weight.
24、 The US Johns Hopkins team made the【C1】_in rats but believe the same could be done in humans, offering the hope of a new way to treat obesity. 【C2】_the expression of a protein linked to【C3】_not only reduced the animals calorie intake and weight, but also【C4】_their fat composition. Brown fat is【C5】_i
25、n babies, which they use as a【C6】_source to generate body heat,【C7】_calories at the same time. But as we age our brown fat largely【C8】_and gets replaced by “bad“ white fat, which【C9】_sits as a spare tyre around the waist. “We will need a lot more work to tease this out, but it could offer a(n)【C10】_
26、way to develop new treatments for obesity“, an expert said. Experts have【C11】_that stimulating the body to make more brown fat【C12】_white fat could be a helpful way to control weight and【C13】_obesity and its related health problems. Various teams have been searching for a way to do this, and Dr Shen
27、g Bi and colleagues at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine believe they may have cracked it. They designed an experiment to see【C14】_suppressing an appetite-stimulating protein called NPY would decrease body weight in rats. When they silenced NPY in the brains of the rats they found thei
28、r appetite and food【C15】_decreased. Even when the rats were fed a very【C16】_, high-fat diet they still managed to keep more weight【C17】_than rats who had fully functioning NPY. The scientists then checked the fat【C18】_of the rats and found an interesting change had occurred. In the rats with silence
29、d NPY expression, some of the bad white fat had been replaced with good brown fat. The researchers are【C19】_that it may be possible to achieve the same effect in people by injecting brown fat stem cells【C20】_the skin to burn white fat and stimulate weight loss.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.timeB.brea
30、kthrough C.accomplishmentD.effort解析：解析：根据下文的“有望给对治肥胖带来新方法”，可知这个团队是取得了一定成果的。故选 B项 breakthrough“突破”。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.MamtainingB.ReducingC.MeasuringD.Modifying 解析：解析：下文提到可以降低热量的吸收及减轻体重，只有改变蛋白质基因表达，才能达到这一目的。故选 D项 Modifying“敌变”。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.appetite B.bloodC.healthD.nerve解析：解析：此处与下文的信息 calorie i
31、ntake and weight(卡路里摄入和体重)相关，推测空格处与吃或运动有关联。A 项 appetite“胃口”符合要求。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.transferredB.transformed C.transcendedD.transmitted解析：解析：根据空格后的宾语“脂肪成分”，只有 B项 transformed“改变，转换”能与其搭配使用。transform指的是在形式上彻底的改变，此处意指脂肪成分转换为热量。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.barrenB.fragileC.diverseD.abundant 解析：解析：从下文的“随着年龄增长，褐色脂肪会
32、被白色脂肪取代”，可知褐色脂肪在婴儿时代的含量是相当高的。故选 D项 abundant“丰富的”。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.power B.forceC.strengthD.might解析：解析：能 generate body heat(产生体热)的应为能量，故答案为 A项 power“能量”。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.accumulatingB.addingC.firingD.expending 解析：解析：此处讲的是 brown fat的作用。它在产生体热的同时，当然会有所消耗，消耗的是热量(卡路里)，故选 D项 expending“消耗”。(8).【C8】（分数：
33、2.00）A.disappears B.diffusesC.distractsD.distributes解析：解析：根据下文的 gets replaced by“bad”white fat(被“不好的”白色脂肪取代)。被取代了，说明消失不存在了，故选 A项 disappears“消失”。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.approximatelyB.extremelyC.typically D.absolutely解析：解析：根据常识我们可得知，随着年龄的增长，多余的脂肪常常会囤积于腰部。故答案为 C项typically“典型地，通常”。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.ample
34、B.feasible C.healthyD.tentative解析：解析：由空格前的 could及后面的 new treatments for obesity(新的减肥疗法)可知，此处所填入的词是表示肯定意义的词，故选 B项 feasible“可行的”。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.reasoned B.suspectedC.plannedD.assured解析：解析：下文做出的推测 a helpful way to control weight，及下文老鼠实验对这一方法的论证，可知答案为 A项 reasoned“推论”。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.rather th
35、an B.as well asC.in addition toD.as to解析：解析：上文提到褐色脂肪是对身体有益的，而白色脂肪是对身体有害的，因此要控制体重的话肯定是要更多的褐色脂肪，而不是白色脂肪。故答案为 A项 rather than“而不是”。重就不那么有利。D 项as to“关于”，代入句中意思不通。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.accelerateB.predictC.prevent D.retrieve解析：解析：根据 and前的 control weight(控制体重)，可知 and后面的也是相同意思的表达，故选 C项 prevent“预防”。prevent ob
36、esity 表示“预防肥胖”。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.if B.whereC.thatD.how解析：解析：空格前的 to see表明本句说的是实验的目的。下文描述实验，通过抑制叫作 NPY的蛋白质使得老鼠的体重减轻了。故这个实验的目的就是看抑制这种蛋白质会不会令老鼠体重减轻。故选 A项 if“是否”。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.nutritionB.processC.packD.intake 解析：解析：根据上文，NPY 的作用是 appetite-stimulating(刺激食欲)，那么抑制了 NPY之后，食欲就下降了。对食物的摄入也下降了。选 D项 int
37、ake“摄入”。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.rich B.fabulousC.wonderfulD.delicious解析：解析：空格处的词与下文的 high-fat(高脂肪的)并列修饰 diet，与之有并列递进之意，故选 A项rich“丰盛的”。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.off B.fromC.upD.back解析：解析：由句首的 Even when和本空格前的 still所表示的递进转折语气可知，即使喂给这些老鼠高脂肪食物，它们依然会比那些 NPY功能正常的老鼠能减去更多体重。故 A项 off为正确答案。keepoff“让远离”。(18).【C18】（分数：2
38、.00）A.contentB.composition C.constitutionD.distinction解析：解析：上文提到科学家们做实验来证实老鼠体内两种脂肪的作用和相互关系。根据下一句实验结果“一些有害白色脂肪已经被好的褐色脂肪所替代”，他们是在查看脂肪中构成的变化，选 B项composilion“组成”。本词在上文中出现过。属于原词出现。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.persistentB.hopeful C.dubiousD.cautious解析：解析：上文提到该实验已经在老鼠身上产生了效果，下文说在人身上也可能产生同样的效果。此处表达研究人员的期望，故选 B项 hop
39、eful“有希望的”。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.ofB.onC.under D.across解析：解析：从空格前的 injecting(注射)一词及介词的宾语 skin可知答案为 C项 under“在之下”，指的是注射到皮肤下面(皮下注射)。People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why o
40、ne is【C1】_and another is competitive. Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and【C2】_certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two【C3】_schools of thought on the matter have【C4】_. As
41、one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of【C5】_between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often【C6】_as “nature v. nurture“. Those who support the “nature“ side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns
42、are【C7】_determined by biological and【C8】_factors. That our environment has【C9】_, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory【C10】_that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completel
43、y【C11】_by our instincts. Proponents of the “nurture“ theory, or,【C12】_they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts【C13】_determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost
44、 completely【C14】_by their surroundings. The behaviorists view of the human being is quite【C15】_; they maintain that, like machines, humans【C16】_to environmental stimuli as the【C17】_of their behavior. The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, blac
45、ks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature“ proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. Behaviorists,【C18】_, say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other
46、 environmental【C19】_that whites enjoy. Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the【C20】_to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.fragileB.cooperative C.credibleD.aggressive解析：解析：由本句前面部分“聪明”和“不聪明”的对
47、照关系，可知填入的词应与 competitive(竞争的)构成对照关系。B 项 cooperative“合作的”符合句意。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.exposeB.revealC.overlookD.exhibit 解析：解析：由 and前面的“具备某些性格特征”。可推知此处大意是“表现出某些行为举止”。选项中只有 D项 exhibit“显示，表现”(特性、情感等)”符合。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.distinct B.distinctiveC.apparentD.respective解析：解析：由下文的 very different from one another，可知这两个流派持不同的观点。故选 A项distinct“不同的”。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.discoveredB.inventedC.developed D.shaped解析：解析：上文说对于 why we possess目前还没有确切的答案，接着 but转折提到在这个问题上的两个流派已经。故填入的动词应表示“形成”的意思，选 C项 developed“发展，形成”。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.quarrelB.debate C.fightD.paradox解析：解析：由 different from one another可推测
