1、考研英语二（完形填空）-试卷 59 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_If the online service is free then you are the product, technicians say. Googl
2、e and Facebook make a【C1】_collecting personal information to help them target their advertisements more【C2】_Free smart-phone apps typically【C3】_all the data they can, such as the person“s location or their【C4】_address book. More than ever, individual privacy is【C5】_threat. Julia Angwin, who oversaw
3、a pioneering series of Wall Street Journal articles called “What They Know“, starting last year,【C6】_many of the questionable activities that damage privacyactivities that most people know nothing about. Hundreds of unregulated data-agents【C7】_in America, for example, selling personal files to marke
4、ting companies. One company runs a fleet of cameraequipped cars that【C8】_the number plates of 1 million vehicles a month, mostly to find those wanted for repossession【C9】_it sells the data to insurers or private investigators as well. Ms Angwin condemns this shadowy business. Her book tracks her att
5、empts to【C10】_it. She gets a credit card using a fake name; she uses a(n)【C11】_search engine and conceals her e-mail and texts; she leaves LinkedIn. When she turns off basic web-browsing functions that enable tracking she becomes digitally【C12】_. Amazon items appear to be out of【C13】_and she is unab
6、le set up an appointment at an Apple store. “My daughter would stand next to me and laugh while I tried to【C14】_a page and browse through all the【C15】_,“ she writes. Yet “Dragnet Nation“ has its【C16】_. It ignores how exciting the【C17】_uses of personal data can be to companies, governments and NGOs.
7、It mixes state scrutiny and privacy-damaging business practices, weakening the study of both. Ms Angwin“s analysis of the problems and【C18】_regulatory remedies is shallow, and her attempts to【C19】_the dragnet eventually become wearisome. Her【C20】_is to have made herself a subject in an experiment to
8、 avoid the scrutiny found everywhere. But the real story about the e-conomy of personal information and protecting privacy in an age of big data has yet to be written.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.changeB.lossC.promiseD.fortune(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.fairlyB.accuratelyC.orderlyD.widely(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.s
9、uck inB.turn inC.bring inD.call in(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.newB.exquisiteC.entireD.concise(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.withinB.towardsC.uponD.under(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.organizesB.exposesC.destroysD.emerges(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.existB.occurC.gatherD.locate(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.analyzeB.seeC.scanD.identify(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.
10、forB.butC.thenD.or(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.get in touch withB.get close toC.get a hold ofD.get away from(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.anonymousB.extraordinaryC.stableD.fast(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.signedB.networkedC.paralyzedD.arranged(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.reachB.sightC.controlD.stock(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.turnB.loadC.
11、readD.copy(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.permissionsB.newsC.filesD.routes(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.boundariesB.virtuesC.faultsD.difficulties(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.excessiveB.practicalC.specificD.legitimate(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.currentB.potentialC.inadequateD.correct(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.escapeB.surfC.improveD.investig
12、ate(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.suggestionB.contributionC.mistakeD.expectationAir pollution killed about seven million people last year, making it the world“s single biggest environmental health risk, the World Health Organisation (WHO) says. The【C1】_a doubling of previous estimates, means one in eight of a
13、ll global deaths were linked to polluted air. This means air pollution has【C2】_poor diet, high blood pressure and tobacco smoke as the leading【C3】_of preventable death worldwide. It also shows how【C4】_pollution inside and outside of people“s homes could save millions of lives in future. Air pollutio
14、n deaths are most【C5】_from heart disease, strokes or lung disease. It is also linked to deaths from lung cancer and【C6】_breathing infections. “The evidence【C7】_the need for concerted action to clean up the air we all breathe,“ said Maria Neira, an official from WHO. “The risks from air pollution are
15、 now far greater than previously thought or understood, particularly for heart disease and strokes.“ Poor and middle-income countries in Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific region had the largest number of air pollution-related deaths, with 3.3 million deaths linked to indoor air pollution and 2.
16、6 million deaths to outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution is mostly caused by cooking【C8】_coal, wood stoves. The WHO estimates that around 2.9 billion people worldwide live in homes using wood or coal as their【C9】_cooking fuel. Outdoors, air is mainly polluted by transport, power generation, indus
17、trial and agricultural emissions and residential【C10】_and cooking. Research suggests outdoor air pollution【C11】_levels have risen significantly in some parts of the world, particularly in【C12】_countries with large populations【C13】_rapid industrialization. Carlos Dora, a WHO public health expert, cal
18、led on governments and health【C14】_to act on the evidence and【C15】_policies to reduce air pollution, which【C16】_would improve health and reduce humans“【C17】_on climate change. “Excessive air pollution is often a by-product of unsustainable policies in【C18】_such as transport, energy, waste management
19、 and industry, “ he said. “In most cases, healthier【C19】_will also be more economical in the long term due to healthcare cost savings as well as climate【C20】_.“（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.casualtyB.tollC.portionD.percentage(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.overtakenB.affectedC.includedD.undermined(3).【C3】（分数：2.00
20、）A.resultB.roleC.elementD.cause(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.causingB.monitoringC.reducingD.releasing(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.commonlyB.directlyC.incidentallyD.rarely(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.slightB.acuteC.chronicD.strange(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.emphasizesB.considersC.hasD.signals(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.overB.forC.byD.in(9).【C9】（分数
21、：2.00）A.elementaryB.fatalC.primaryD.only(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.buildingB.heatingC.washingD.density(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.standardB.exposureC.controlD.legislation(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.developingB.developedC.affluentD.democratic(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.passing throughB.going onC.getting throughD.going through(
22、14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.clubsB.professionalsC.agenciesD.conditions(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.discussB.deviseC.takeD.change(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.by chanceB.in particularC.as usualD.in turn(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.impactB.reflectionC.damageD.function(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.companiesB.placesC.sectorsD.institutions(19).【
23、C19】（分数：2.00）A.strategiesB.plansC.foodsD.environments(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.changesB.gainsC.featuresD.records考研英语二（完形填空）-试卷 59 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and m
24、ark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：If the online service is free then you are the product, technicians say. Google and Facebook make a【C1】_collecting personal information to help them target their advertisements more【C2】_Free smart-phone apps typically【C3】_all the data they can, such as the person“s loc
25、ation or their【C4】_address book. More than ever, individual privacy is【C5】_threat. Julia Angwin, who oversaw a pioneering series of Wall Street Journal articles called “What They Know“, starting last year,【C6】_many of the questionable activities that damage privacyactivities that most people know no
26、thing about. Hundreds of unregulated data-agents【C7】_in America, for example, selling personal files to marketing companies. One company runs a fleet of cameraequipped cars that【C8】_the number plates of 1 million vehicles a month, mostly to find those wanted for repossession【C9】_it sells the data to
27、 insurers or private investigators as well. Ms Angwin condemns this shadowy business. Her book tracks her attempts to【C10】_it. She gets a credit card using a fake name; she uses a(n)【C11】_search engine and conceals her e-mail and texts; she leaves LinkedIn. When she turns off basic web-browsing func
28、tions that enable tracking she becomes digitally【C12】_. Amazon items appear to be out of【C13】_and she is unable set up an appointment at an Apple store. “My daughter would stand next to me and laugh while I tried to【C14】_a page and browse through all the【C15】_,“ she writes. Yet “Dragnet Nation“ has
29、its【C16】_. It ignores how exciting the【C17】_uses of personal data can be to companies, governments and NGOs. It mixes state scrutiny and privacy-damaging business practices, weakening the study of both. Ms Angwin“s analysis of the problems and【C18】_regulatory remedies is shallow, and her attempts to
30、【C19】_the dragnet eventually become wearisome. Her【C20】_is to have made herself a subject in an experiment to avoid the scrutiny found everywhere. But the real story about the e-conomy of personal information and protecting privacy in an age of big data has yet to be written.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.
31、00）A.changeB.lossC.promiseD.fortune 解析：解析：空格后提到谷歌和 Facebook 搜集个人信息的目的：帮助定位广告(target their advertisements)。广告无疑会给他们带来利润，D 项 fortune 有“财富”之意，与 make a 搭配后表示“赚大钱”，语义符合。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.fairlyB.accurately C.orderlyD.widely解析：解析：前面提到搜集个人信息能使谷歌和 Facebook 定位广告，target 一词有“定位”的意思。B项 accurately“精确地”代入后指更精准地定
32、位广告，符合语义。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.suck in B.turn inC.bring inD.call in解析：解析：上句提到谷歌和 Facebook 搜集个人信息，从空格后的 all the data(所有的信息)看出，本句仍继续讨论信息的搜集，可推断空格处所填单词应与 collect(搜集)意思相近。A 项 suckin 意为“吸收”，在此处可表示“获取”，符合语义逻辑。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.newB.exquisiteC.entire D.concise解析：解析：such as 后所举的例子指的是免费的智能手机软件所搜集到的信息。entire 意为
33、“全部的，整个的”，与 address book 搭配指“整个通讯录”，故选 C 项。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.withinB.towardsC.uponD.under 解析：解析：前文提到谷歌和 Facebook 等搜集个人信息帮助精准定位广告下一句也提到很多行为damage privacy，说明个人信息及隐私并不安全。D 项 under 有“在(的影响或过程)中”之意，与threat 搭配后表示“遭到威胁”，语义符合。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.organizesB.exposes C.destroysD.emerges解析：解析：茱莉亚安格文所做的工作是监视(ove
34、rsaw)，而空格后则谈到很多损害我们隐私且大多数人一无所知的可疑行为(questionable activities)。监管的目的通常是揭露一些不为人知的内幕，B 项exposes 意为“揭露”，符合此处的语境。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.exist B.occurC.gatherD.locate解析：解析：从后面所举的例子 selling personal files to marketing companies(将个人档案卖给营销公司)推断，在美国，存在不受监管的数据经纪人(unregulated data-agents)。A 项 exist“存在”符合语义逻辑。(8).【C8
35、】（分数：2.00）A.analyzeB.seeC.scan D.identify解析：解析：本句提到有一家公司拥有一队带有摄像头的汽车(camera-equipped cars)。that 引导的定语从句用于描述 camera 的功能，因此 C 项 scan“扫描”符合语义逻辑。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.forB.but C.thenD.or解析：解析：前半句提到带有摄像头的汽车主要是为了找到那些准备要收回的号码(mostly to fredthose wanted for repossession)，但空格后说他们将这些数据卖给保险公司或者私家侦探(sellsthe data
36、to insurers or private investigators)，两句之间含有转折关系。故选 B 项 but。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.get in touch withB.get close toC.get a hold ofD.get away from 解析：解析：从空格后的句子开始，安格文做了一系列设法远离 shadowy business(不光彩的行为)的事。D 项 get away from“逃离”代入空格符合语义逻辑。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.anonymous B.extraordinaryC.stableD.fast解析：解析：前一分
37、句提到安格文用假名(fake name)办信用卡，后一分句又提到她将邮箱和文件隐藏(conceals)，可以推断她并不想暴露自己的信息，所以使用的搜索引擎(search engine)应该是不留下痕迹的。A 项 anonymous“匿名的”符合语义逻辑。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.signedB.networkedC.paralyzed D.arranged解析：解析：从下一句的 she is unable set up an appointment at an Apple store(在苹果商店无法预约)判断，她计算机的一些功能出现了问题。C 项 paralyzed 意为“瘫痪
38、的”，与前面的 digitally 搭配指“数据瘫痪”。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.reachB.sightC.controlD.stock 解析：解析：后半句提到在苹果商店无法预约，本句中 and 连接的内容是并列关系，故前半句所说的亚马逊商品也应是无法获得。out of stock 意为“缺货”，选 D 项。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.turnB.load C.readD.copy解析：解析：填入的动词与 and 后面的 browse 并列，都是与网页浏览相关的事情。B 项 load 与 apage 是常用搭配，指“加载页面”，只有网页加载好了之后才可以浏览。(
39、15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.permissions B.newsC.filesD.routes解析：解析：上句提到安格文在苹果商店无法预约，说明她的某些权限已经受到限制。本句仍继续此话题推测空格处内容应与权限有关。A 项 permissions 有“权限”之意，符合语义逻辑。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.boundariesB.virtuesC.faults D.difficulties解析：解析：从下文众多描述“Dragnet Nation”(网络国度)的词语如 ignores(忽略)、mixes(混淆)、weakening(削弱)可以推断，作者对 Dragnet N
40、ation 持否定态度。C 项 faults 意为“过错”，符合语义逻辑。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.excessiveB.practicalC.specificD.legitimate 解析：解析：空格后提到使用这些 personal data 的主体是 companies，governments and NGOs。由本句的 exciting 可推断，修饰 use 的单词应是褒义词，且能描述政府等机构使用个人数据的情况。D 项legitimate“合法的”，指政府等如果合法使用个人数据会产生积极效果。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.currentB.potential
41、 C.inadequateD.correct解析：解析：从前面的 Ms Angwin“s analysis of the problems 看出，这些问题还处于分析阶段，上文也只涉及她个人所做的一些努力，未提及有效的应对措施，所以后面的 remedies 只是一种构想。B 项potential 意为“可能的”，表示可能的补救措施。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.escape B.surfC.improveD.investigate解析：解析：文章第三段提到安格文用假名办信用卡、将邮箱和文件隐藏、关掉网页浏览基本的跟踪功能等做法，说明她想逃离 dragnet。A 项 escape“逃避
42、”符合语义。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.suggestionB.contribution C.mistakeD.expectation解析：解析：本句的表语用于描述空格处词语，因此该词应能体现表语所体现的意义：have madeherself a subject in an experiment to avoid the scrutiny found everywhere，安格文将自己当成实验的试验品，努力逃避无所不在的监控具有现实意义，contribution 意为“贡献”，符合此处语境，故选 B 项。Air pollution killed about seven milli
43、on people last year, making it the world“s single biggest environmental health risk, the World Health Organisation (WHO) says. The【C1】_a doubling of previous estimates, means one in eight of all global deaths were linked to polluted air. This means air pollution has【C2】_poor diet, high blood pressur
44、e and tobacco smoke as the leading【C3】_of preventable death worldwide. It also shows how【C4】_pollution inside and outside of people“s homes could save millions of lives in future. Air pollution deaths are most【C5】_from heart disease, strokes or lung disease. It is also linked to deaths from lung can
45、cer and【C6】_breathing infections. “The evidence【C7】_the need for concerted action to clean up the air we all breathe,“ said Maria Neira, an official from WHO. “The risks from air pollution are now far greater than previously thought or understood, particularly for heart disease and strokes.“ Poor an
46、d middle-income countries in Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific region had the largest number of air pollution-related deaths, with 3.3 million deaths linked to indoor air pollution and 2.6 million deaths to outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution is mostly caused by cooking【C8】_coal, wood stove
47、s. The WHO estimates that around 2.9 billion people worldwide live in homes using wood or coal as their【C9】_cooking fuel. Outdoors, air is mainly polluted by transport, power generation, industrial and agricultural emissions and residential【C10】_and cooking. Research suggests outdoor air pollution【C
48、11】_levels have risen significantly in some parts of the world, particularly in【C12】_countries with large populations【C13】_rapid industrialization. Carlos Dora, a WHO public health expert, called on governments and health【C14】_to act on the evidence and【C15】_policies to reduce air pollution, which【C16】_would
