1、考研英语一（完形填空）模拟试卷 15 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which, take
2、n together, comprise the whole vocabulary. First, there are those words【B1】_which we become acquainted in daily conversation, which we 【B2】_, that is to say, from the【B3】_of our own family and from our familiar associates, and 【B4】_ we should know and use 【B5】_ we could not read or write. They 【B6】_
3、 the common things of life, and are the stock in trade of all who【B7】_the language.such words may be called “popular“, since they belong to the people 【B8】_ and are not the exclusive【B9】_of a limited class. On the other hand, our language【B10】_a multitude of words which are comparatively【B11】_used i
4、n ordinary conversation. Their meanings are known to every educated person, but there is little【B12】_to use them at home or in the market-place. Our【B13】_acquaintance with them comes not from our mothers【B14】_or from the talk of our schoolmates,【B15】_from books that we read, lectures that we【B16】_,
5、or the more【B17】_conversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular【B18】_in a style appropriately elevated above the habitual【B19】_of everyday life. Such words are called “learned“, and the【B20】_between them and the “popular“ words is of great importance to a right understan
6、ding of linguistic process.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.atB.withC.byD.through(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）A.studyB.imitateC.stimulateD.learn(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）A.matesB.relativesC.membersD.fellows(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.whichB.thatC.thoseD.ones(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）A.evenB.despiteC.even ifD.in spite of(6).【B6】（分数：2.00）A.min
7、dB.concernC.careD.relate(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）A.hireB.applyC.adoptD.use(8).【B8】（分数：2.00）A.in publicB.at mostC.at largeD.at best(9).【B9】（分数：2.00）A.rightB.privilegeC.shareD.possession(10).【B10】（分数：2.00）A.consistsB.comprisesC.constitutesD.composes(11).【B11】（分数：2.00）A.seldomB.muchC.neverD.often(12).【B12】（分数：
8、2.00）A.prospectB.wayC.reasonD.necessity(13).【B13】（分数：2.00）A.primaryB.firstC.principalD.prior(14).【B14】（分数：2.00）A.tipsB.mouthC.lipsD.tongue(15).【B15】（分数：2.00）A.besidesB.andC.orD.but(16).【B16】（分数：2.00）A.hear ofB.attendC.hear fromD.listen(17).【B17】（分数：2.00）A.formerB.formulaC.formalD.formative(18).【B18】
9、（分数：2.00）A.themeB.topicC.ideaD.point(19).【B19】（分数：2.00）A.borderB.linkC.degreeD.extent(20).【B20】（分数：2.00）A.diversionB.distinctionC.diversityD.similarityHave you ever wondered what our future is like? Practically all people【B1】_a desire to predict their future 【B2】_. Most people seem inclined to 【B3】_
10、 this task using causal reasoning. First we 【B4】_ recognize that nature circumstances are 【B5】_ caused or conditioned by present ones. We learn that getting an education will【B6】_how much money we earn later and that swimming beyond the reef may bring an unhappy 【B7】_ with a shark.Second, people als
11、o learn that such 【B8】_ of cause and effect are probabilistic in nature. That is, the effects occur more often when the causes occur than when the causes are【B9】_, but not always. Thus, students learn that studying hard【B10】_good grades in most instances, but not every time. Science makes these conc
12、epts of causality and probability more【B11】_and provides techniques for dealing 【B12】_then more accurately than does causal human inquiry. In looking at ordinary human inquiry, we need to【B13】_between prediction and understanding. Often, even if we dont understand why, we are willing to act【B14】_the
13、 basis of a demonstrated predictive ability. Whatever the primitive drives【B15】_motivate human beings, satisfying them depends heavily on the ability to【B16】_future circumstances. The attempt to predict is often played in a【B17】_of knowledge and understanding. If you can understand why certain regul
14、ar patterns【B18】_, you can predict better than if you simply observe those patterns. Thus, human inquiry aims 【B19】_answering both “what“ and “why“ question, and we pursue these【B20】_by observing and figuring out.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.exhibitB.exaggerateC.examineD.exceed(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）A.con
15、textsB.circumstancesC.inspectionsD.intuitions(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）A.underestimateB.undermineC.undertakeD.undergo(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.speciallyB.particularlyC.alwaysD.generally(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）A.somehowB.somebodyC.someoneD.something(6).【B6】（分数：2.00）A.enactB.affectC.reflectD.inflect(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）A.meetin
16、gB.occurrenceC.encounterD.contact(8).【B8】（分数：2.00）A.patternsB.designsC.arrangementsD.pictures(9).【B9】（分数：2.00）A.disappointedB.absentC.inadequateD.absolute(10).【B10】（分数：2.00）A.createsB.producesC.losesD.protects(11).【B11】（分数：2.00）A.obscureB.indistinctC.explicitD.explosive(12).【B12】（分数：2.00）A.forB.atC.
17、inD.with(13).【B13】（分数：2.00）A.distinguishB.distinctC.distortD.distract(14).【B14】（分数：2.00）A.atB.onC.toD.under(15).【B15】（分数：2.00）A.whyB.howC.thatD.where(16).【B16】（分数：2.00）A.predictB.produceC.pretendD.precede(17).【B17】（分数：2.00）A.contentB.contactC.contestD.context(18).【B18】（分数：2.00）A.happenB.occurC.occup
18、yD.incur(19).【B19】（分数：2.00）A.atB.onC.toD.beyond(20).【B20】（分数：2.00）A.purposesB.ambitionsC.drivesD.goals考研英语一（完形填空）模拟试卷 15 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark
19、A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which, taken together, comprise the whole vocabulary. First, there are those words【B1】_which we become acquainted in daily conversation, which we 【B2】_, that is to say, from the【B3】_of our own family and fro
20、m our familiar associates, and 【B4】_ we should know and use 【B5】_ we could not read or write. They 【B6】_ the common things of life, and are the stock in trade of all who【B7】_the language.such words may be called “popular“, since they belong to the people 【B8】_ and are not the exclusive【B9】_of a limi
21、ted class. On the other hand, our language【B10】_a multitude of words which are comparatively【B11】_used in ordinary conversation. Their meanings are known to every educated person, but there is little【B12】_to use them at home or in the market-place. Our【B13】_acquaintance with them comes not from our
22、mothers【B14】_or from the talk of our schoolmates,【B15】_from books that we read, lectures that we【B16】_, or the more【B17】_conversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular【B18】_in a style appropriately elevated above the habitual【B19】_of everyday life. Such words are called
23、“learned“, and the【B20】_between them and the “popular“ words is of great importance to a right understanding of linguistic process.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.atB.with C.byD.through解析：解析：考查惯用搭配。本句中由 with which 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 those words。短语become acquainted with sbsth意为“认识某人，了解某事”。故选 Bwith。(2).【B2】（分
24、数：2.00）A.studyB.imitateC.stimulateD.learn 解析：解析：考查动词辨析。imitate 意为“模仿”，stimulate 意为“刺激，激发”。study 和 learn都有“学习”的意思，study 着重研究，而 learn 指一般性的学习，故选 Dlearn。(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）A.matesB.relativesC.members D.fellows解析：解析：考查名词辨析。mate 意为“伙伴，同事”，可组成复合名词，如：roommate 同房间的人。relative 意为“亲戚”，member 意为“成员”，family member
25、 意为“家庭成员”，fellow 意为“伙伴，家伙”。故选 Cmembers。(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.which B.thatC.thoseD.ones解析：解析：考查语法知识非限制性定语从句。which 引导非限制性定语从句，和前面的定语从句并列，修饰先行词 those words，关系代词 that 只能在限制性定语从句中代替 which。(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）A.evenB.despiteC.even if D.in spite of解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。even if 在这里引导条件状语从句。even 是副词，不能引导状语从句。in spite of 和
26、despite 表示“尽管”为介词词组或介词，也不能引导状语从句。(6).【B6】（分数：2.00）A.mindB.concern C.careD.relate解析：解析：考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，本句的意思是“它们涉及生活中的一般性事情，是所有使用这种语言的人惯用的语言材料。concern 意为“涉及”，mind 和 care 表示“介意，计较”，relate 表示“讲述，叙述”，均不符合文意。(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）A.hireB.applyC.adoptD.use 解析：解析：考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，此处意为“使用语言”，Duse 意为“使用”，符合题意，为正确选项。hi
27、re 意为“雇用”；apply 意为“应用”；adopt 意为“采纳”，均不符合题意。(8).【B8】（分数：2.00）A.in publicB.at mostC.at large D.at best解析：解析：考查介词短语辨析。at large 意为“普遍的，一般的”，与后面的 exclusive 相对，符合语境，故选 C。in public 意为“公开地，当众”；at most 意为“至多，不超过”；at best 意为“充其量至多”，均不符合题意。(9).【B9】（分数：2.00）A.rightB.privilegeC.share D.possession解析：解析：考查名词辨析。sha
28、re 意为“份额，共享”，符合句意，因此答案为 Cshare。right 和privilege 意为“权利，特权”，不符合题意；possession 意为“拥有，占有”，通常指拥有财物。(10).【B10】（分数：2.00）A.consistsB.comprises C.constitutesD.composes解析：解析：考查动词辨析。comprise“包含，包括，由组成”，符合语法结构和语义。因此答案为Bcomprises。compose 常用于被动结构 be composed of，表示“由组成”；consist 是不及物动词，必须和 of 组成短语动词表示“由组成”；constitut
29、e 意为“构成”，三项均不符合题意。(11).【B11】（分数：2.00）A.seldom B.muchC.neverD.often解析：解析：考查副词辨析。seldom 意为“不经常，很少”，符合此处语义。故选 Aseldom。(12).【B12】（分数：2.00）A.prospectB.wayC.reasonD.necessity 解析：解析：考查名词辨析。prospect“前景”；way“方式”；reason“理由”；necessity“必要性”。只有 Dnecessity 符合句意 o(13).【B13】（分数：2.00）A.primaryB.first C.principalD.pr
30、ior解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。本句意为“我们最初既不是从母亲嘴里，也不是从同学那里了解这些单词的”。first“第一，首先”，符合句意，因此答案为 Bfirst。primary“基本的，原始的”；prior“优先的，在先的”；principal“主要的，首要的”，均不符合题意。(14).【B14】（分数：2.00）A.tipsB.mouthC.lips D.tongue解析：解析：考查固定搭配。learn sth from ones lips 是固定搭配，表示“从某人嘴里得知”。故Clips 符合题意。(15).【B15】（分数：2.00）A.besidesB.andC.orD.but 解
31、析：解析：考查逻辑关系。根据上下文可知，空格处前后表达的是转折关系，故答案为 Dbut。(16).【B16】（分数：2.00）A.hear ofB.attend C.hear fromD.listen解析：解析：考查习惯搭配。attend a lecture“参加一个讲座”。故答案为 Battend。(17).【B17】（分数：2.00）A.formerB.formulaC.formal D.formative解析：解析：考查词语辨析。formal“正式的”，符合此处语义，故选 Cformal。former“以前的”：formula“公式，方程”；formative“形成的”，均不符合题意。(
32、18).【B18】（分数：2.00）A.themeB.topic C.ideaD.point解析：解析：考查名词辨析。theme“主题”；topic“话题”；idea“主意”；point“要点”。本句指讨论的话题，故选 Btopic。(19).【B19】（分数：2.00）A.borderB.linkC.degreeD.extent 解析：解析：考查名词辨析。degree 和 extent 均可表示程度，但 extent 还可表示“范围”。本句意为：讨论问题的方式超越了日常生活的范围，所以选 Dextent。order“边界”，link“连接”，均不符合题意。(20).【B20】（分数：2.00
33、）A.diversionB.distinction C.diversityD.similarity解析：解析：考查名词辨析。diversion“转移，转向”；distinction“差别”；diversity“多样性，变化”；similarity“相似之处”。根据语境可知，此处意为“学术性词语和大众化词语之间的差别”，故选 Bdistinction。Have you ever wondered what our future is like? Practically all people【B1】_a desire to predict their future 【B2】_. Most peop
34、le seem inclined to 【B3】_ this task using causal reasoning. First we 【B4】_ recognize that nature circumstances are 【B5】_ caused or conditioned by present ones. We learn that getting an education will【B6】_how much money we earn later and that swimming beyond the reef may bring an unhappy 【B7】_ with a
35、 shark.Second, people also learn that such 【B8】_ of cause and effect are probabilistic in nature. That is, the effects occur more often when the causes occur than when the causes are【B9】_, but not always. Thus, students learn that studying hard【B10】_good grades in most instances, but not every time.
36、 Science makes these concepts of causality and probability more【B11】_and provides techniques for dealing 【B12】_then more accurately than does causal human inquiry. In looking at ordinary human inquiry, we need to【B13】_between prediction and understanding. Often, even if we dont understand why, we ar
37、e willing to act【B14】_the basis of a demonstrated predictive ability. Whatever the primitive drives【B15】_motivate human beings, satisfying them depends heavily on the ability to【B16】_future circumstances. The attempt to predict is often played in a【B17】_of knowledge and understanding. If you can und
38、erstand why certain regular patterns【B18】_, you can predict better than if you simply observe those patterns. Thus, human inquiry aims 【B19】_answering both “what“ and “why“ question, and we pursue these【B20】_by observing and figuring out.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.exhibit B.exaggerateC.examineD.ex
39、ceed解析：解析：考查动词辨析。exhibit“展出，表现”；exaggerate“夸张”；examine“检查，考试”；exceed“超越，胜过”。原句意为：实际上，人们会对未来的生活怀有(展示出)一定的愿望。故选Aexhibit。(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）A.contextsB.circumstances C.inspectionsD.intuitions解析：解析：考查名词辨析。context“上下文”，circumstance“环境”，inspection“检查，视察”，intuition“直觉”。联系后文出现了“future circumstances”，属于原义再现。故选
40、Bcircumstances。(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）A.underestimateB.undermineC.undertake D.undergo解析：解析：考查动词辨析。underestimate“低估”，undermine“破坏”，undertake“承担，担任”，undergo“经历，遭受”。undertake a task 为常见搭配，意为“开始进行一项任务”，符合此处语境，故选 Cundertake。(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.speciallyB.particularlyC.alwaysD.generally 解析：解析：考查副词辨析。根据语境可知，此处表达的
41、意思为“一般来讲”，故答案为Dgenerally。其他选项均不符合题意。(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）A.somehow B.somebodyC.someoneD.something解析：解析：考查词语辨析。somehow“不知何故，以某种方式”，符合语义，故选Asomehow。somebody“某人”；someone“某人，有人”；something“某事”，均不符合题意。(6).【B6】（分数：2.00）A.enactB.affect C.reflectD.inflect解析：解析：考查动词辨析。affect 意为“影响，感动”，符合语境，为正确选项。enact“制定法律，颁布”；re
42、flect“反映”；inflect“弯曲”，均不符合题意。(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）A.meetingB.occurrenceC.encounter D.contact解析：解析：考查名词辨析。encounter 指“没有事先计划的、未料到的、短暂的相遇”，符合语境，故选 Cencounter。meeting“遇见”；occurrence“出现，发生”；contact“联系”，均不符合题意。(8).【B8】（分数：2.00）A.patterns B.designsC.arrangementsD.pictures解析：解析：考查名词辨析。第一段中提到过人们习惯用因果关系去推断，这是一种思
43、考模式。pattern“模式，式样”，符合句意，故选 Apatterns。design“设计”；arrangement“安排”；picture“图画”，均不符合题意。(9).【B9】（分数：2.00）A.disappointedB.absent C.inadequateD.absolute解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。根据文中意思，应选一个与 occur 意思相反的词。absent“缺少的，不在的”，符合句意，因此答案为 Babsent。disappointed“失望的”；inadequate“不充分的”；absolute“完全的”，均不符合题意。(10).【B10】（分数：2.00）A.cre
44、atesB.produces C.losesD.protects解析：解析：考查动词辨析。原句意为学生知道努力学习在大多数情况下会得到高的分数。produce“产生，得到”，符合语义，故选 Bproduces。create“创造”；lose“失去”；protect“保护”，均不符合题意。(11).【B11】（分数：2.00）A.obscureB.indistinctC.explicit D.explosive解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。obscure“朦胧的，模糊的”；indistinct“不清楚的”；explicit“明确的，清楚的”；explosive“爆炸的”。根据语境可知，此处意为：科
45、学使因果性和可能性的观念变得更加清楚。故答案为 Cexplicit。(12).【B12】（分数：2.00）A.forB.atC.inD.with 解析：解析：考查固定搭配。deal with“处理，安排”，符合语义，故答案为 Dwith。(13).【B13】（分数：2.00）A.distinguish B.distinctC.distortD.distract解析：解析：考查形近词辨析。空格处需要一个动词，且和后面的介词 between 搭配。distinguish 为动词，意为“区别，辨别”；distinct 为形容词，意为“清楚的，明显的”；distort 为动词，意为“扭曲，歪曲”；di
46、stract 为动词，意为“分散，使分心”。distinguish between 为常用搭配，意为“区别和”。故答案为 Adistinguish。(14).【B14】（分数：2.00）A.atB.on C.toD.under解析：解析：考查固定搭配。on the basis of“以为基础”，故选 Bon。(15).【B15】（分数：2.00）A.whyB.howC.that D.where解析：解析：考查语法知识。drive 在此为名词，意为“动力”，空格后部分是对 drive 进行修饰，故选关系代词 that 引导定语从句。(16).【B16】（分数：2.00）A.predict B.p
47、roduceC.pretendD.precede解析：解析：考查动词辨析。predict“预言”；produce“生产，制造”；pretend“假装”；precede“在之前”。此处动词修饰后面“future circumstances”，故选 Apredict。其他项均排除。(17).【B17】（分数：2.00）A.contentB.contactC.contestD.context 解析：解析：考查名词辨析。content“内容”；contact“接触”；contest“争论，竞赛”；context“上下文背景，环境”。in the context of 意为“在情况下”，符合文意。故选Dcontext。其他项均不符合。(18).【B18】（分数：2.00）A.happenB.occur C.occupyD.incur解析：解析：考查动词辨析。happen 与 occur 均表示“发生”，二者区别在于 happen 常指具体事件的发生，而 occur 还可用于抽象事物，如某想法出现在人的头脑中，故选 Boccur。其他项 occupy“占据”；incur“招数”，均不符合文意。(19).【B19】（分数：2.00）A.at B.onC
