1、考研英语一（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编 10 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when
2、 making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that【B1】_the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by【B2】_factors. But Dr. Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big【B3】_was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information
3、they were working with. 【B4】_, he theorised that a judge【B5】_of appearing too soft【B6】_crime might be more likely to send someone to prison【B7】_he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day. To【B8】_this idea, he turned to the university-admissions
4、 process. In theory, the【B9】_of an applicant should not depend on the few others【B10】_randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was【B11】_. He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews【B12】_by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had【B13】_applicants on a
5、scale of one to five. This scale【B14】_numerous factors into consideration. The scores were【B15】_used in conjunction with an applicant s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is【B16】_out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her. D
6、r. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one【B17】_that, then the score for the next applicant would【B18】_by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to【B19】_the effects of such a decreas
7、e a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than it would otherwise have been【B20】_.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.grantsB.submitsC.transmitsD.delivers(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）A.minorB.objectiveC.crucialD.external(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）A.issueB.visionC.pictureD.moment(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.For exampleB.On averageC.In
8、principleD.Above all(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）A.fondB.fearfulC.capableD.thoughtless(6).【B6】（分数：2.00）A.inB.onC.toD.for(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）A.ifB.untilC.thoughD.unless(8).【B8】（分数：2.00）A.promoteB.emphasizeC.shareD.test(9).【B9】（分数：2.00）A.decisionB.qualityC.statusD.success(10).【B10】（分数：2.00）A.chosenB.studiedC.foundD.
9、identified(11).【B11】（分数：2.00）A.exceptionalB.defensibleC.replaceableD.otherwise(12).【B12】（分数：2.00）A.inspiredB.expressedC.conductedD.secured(13).【B13】（分数：2.00）A.assignedB.ratedC.matchedD.arranged(14).【B14】（分数：2.00）A.putB.gotC.gaveD.took(15).【B15】（分数：2.00）A.insteadB.thenC.everD.rather(16).【B16】（分数：2.00
10、）A.selectedB.passedC.markedD.introduced(17).【B17】（分数：2.00）A.beforeB.afterC.aboveD.below(18).【B18】（分数：2.00）A.jumpB.floatC.dropD.fluctuate(19).【B19】（分数：2.00）A.achieveB.undoC.maintainD.disregard(20).【B20】（分数：2.00）A.promisingB.possibleC.necessaryD.helpfulThe ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justic
11、es have become an important issue recently. The court cannot【B1】_its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law【B2】_justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that【B3】_the court s reputation for being independent and impartial. Justice Antonin Scalia, for exam
12、ple, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the courts decisions will be【B4】_as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not【B5】_by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself【B6】_to the code of conduct that【B7】_to t
13、he rest of the federal judiciary. This and other similar cases【B8】_the question of whether there is still a【B9】_between the court and politics. The framers of the Constitution envisioned law【B10】_having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions【B11】_they would be free to【
14、B12】_those in power and have no need to【B13】_political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely【B14】_. Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social【B15】_like liberty and property. When
15、the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it【B16】_is inescapably politicalwhich is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily【B17】_as unjust. The justices must【B18】_doubts about the court s legitimacy by making themselves【B19】_to the code of conduct. That would make ruling
16、s more likely to be seen as separate from politics and,【B20】_, convincing as law.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.emphasizeB.maintainC.modifyD.recognize(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）A.whenB.lestC.beforeD.unless(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）A.restoredB.weakenedC.establishedD.eliminated(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.challengedB.compromisedC.s
17、uspectedD.accepted(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）A.advancedB.caughtC.boundD.founded(6).【B6】（分数：2.00）A.resistantB.subjectC.immuneD.prone(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）A.resortsB.sticksC.leadsD.applies(8).【B8】（分数：2.00）A.evadeB.raiseC.denyD.settle(9).【B9】（分数：2.00）A.lineB.barrierC.similarityD.conflict(10).【B10】（分数：2.00）A.byB.asC.t
18、hroughD.towards(11).【B11】（分数：2.00）A.soB.sinceC.providedD.though(12).【B12】（分数：2.00）A.serveB.satisfyC.upsetD.replace(13).【B13】（分数：2.00）A.confirmB.expressC.cultivateD.offer(14).【B14】（分数：2.00）A.guardedB.followedC.studiedD.tied(15).【B15】（分数：2.00）A.conceptsB.theoriesC.divisionsD.conventions(16).【B16】（分数：2
19、.00）A.excludesB.questionsC.shapesD.controls(17).【B17】（分数：2.00）A.dismissedB.releasedC.rankedD.distorted(18).【B18】（分数：2.00）A.suppressB.exploitC.addressD.ignore(19).【B19】（分数：2.00）A.accessibleB.amiableC.agreeableD.accountable(20).【B20】（分数：2.00）A.by all meansB.at all costsC.in a wordD.as a result考研英语一（完形
20、填空）历年真题试卷汇编 10 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when makin
21、g individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that【B1】_the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by【B2】_factors. But Dr. Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big【B3】_was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they w
22、ere working with. 【B4】_, he theorised that a judge【B5】_of appearing too soft【B6】_crime might be more likely to send someone to prison【B7】_he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day. To【B8】_this idea, he turned to the university-admissions proce
23、ss. In theory, the【B9】_of an applicant should not depend on the few others【B10】_randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was【B11】_. He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews【B12】_by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had【B13】_applicants on a scale
24、of one to five. This scale【B14】_numerous factors into consideration. The scores were【B15】_used in conjunction with an applicant s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is【B16】_out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her. Dr. Sim
25、onsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one【B17】_that, then the score for the next applicant would【B18】_by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to【B19】_the effects of such a decrease a ca
26、ndidate would need 30 more GMAT points than it would otherwise have been【B20】_.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.grants B.submitsC.transmitsD.delivers解析：解析：考查动词辨析。首句是全文主题，即人们在做决定的时候通常不擅长考虑背景信息。接下来说，乍一看这似乎是一种优点，这种优点使人们能够在做决定时不受外界因素影响，因此 Agrants“授予，允许”符合题意。submit“服从，提交”；transmit“传输，发射”；deliver“传递”，均与题意不符。(
27、2).【B2】（分数：2.00）A.minorB.objectiveC.crucialD.external 解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。首句即暗示了本题的答案，即使不受外部影响，因此 Dexternal“外部的”正确。这里 external factors 实际上是 background information 的同义复现。minor“次要的”，objective“客观的”，crucial“重要的”，均与题意不符。(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）A.issueB.visionC.picture D.moment解析：解析：考查名词辨析。But 引起句意转折，本句是说不考虑全局使得决策者受到经
28、手的日常信息的影响，全局即背景，唯有 Cpicture 合适。issue“问题”；vision“视力，想象力”；moment“时刻”，均与题意不符。(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.For example B.On averageC.In principleD.Above all解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。第四题前一句提到的是西蒙松的观点，下一句即观点的具体解释举例，因此AFor example 正确。On average“平均”；In principle“原则上，大体上”；Above all“首先”，均与题意不符。(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）A.fondB.fearful C.cap
29、ableD.thoughtless解析：解析：考查上下文理解以及形容词辨析。一位法官担心在罪行面前表现得太软弱，如果他在一天中已经判了五六名被告执行社区服务性劳役，那么他就很有可能把下一个人送进监狱。因此选Bfearful，构成 be fearful of sth的搭配，意为“害怕”。be fond of“喜欢”; be capable of“能够”；be thoughtless of“考虑不周”，均与题意不符。(6).【B6】（分数：2.00）A.inB.on C.toD.for解析：解析：考查介词搭配。be soft on sbsth表示“对不够严厉，心慈手软”。故选 Bon。(7).【B
30、7】（分数：2.00）A.if B.untilC.thoughD.unless解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。前半句含义是“一个担心在罪行面前表现得太软弱的法官可能会判人人狱”，后半句含义是“当天他已经判五六个人执行社区服务性劳役”两句间的逻辑关系明显为假设。Aif 表示假设，因此为正确答案。until“直到才”；though“然而”，表转折；unless“除非”，表让步，均与题意不符。(8).【B8】（分数：2.00）A.promoteB.emphasizeC.shareD.test 解析：解析：考查动词辨析。this idea 这个观点即上句中提到的，所以根据上下文意思，可以推断本句话是说要进行
31、试验来验证观点，因此选 Dtest“试验，检验”。promote“促进”；emphasize“强调”；share“分享”，均与题意不符。(9).【B9】（分数：2.00）A.decisionB.qualityC.statusD.success 解析：解析：考查上下文理解以及名词辨析。本句话意为：理论上说，一名申请者的_不应取决于同一天随机抽取的其他面试者，但是西蒙松博士却怀疑事实恰恰相反。下文通过例子说明事实。根据下文提示，此处应选 Dsuccess“成功”。decision“决定”；quality“质量”；status“地位”，均与语境不符。(10).【B10】（分数：2.00）A.chos
32、en B.studiedC.foundD.identified解析：解析：考查动词辨析。此处表达面试中随机_的其他申请者。唯有 Achosen“选出”符合题意。studied“研究过的”；found“找到的”；identified“经鉴定的”，均与 randomly“随机地”矛盾。(11).【B11】（分数：2.00）A.exceptionalB.defensibleC.replaceableD.otherwise 解析：解析：考查逻辑关系与形容词辨析。后半句的 but 表示转折，暗示了事实是与前面所述内容相反的，suspected“怀疑”更说明了这一点。Dotherwise“另外的，其他的”
33、，引申为“相反的”，为正确答案。exceptional“例外的”；defensible“可防御的”；replaceable“可替换的”，均与语境不符。(12).【B12】（分数：2.00）A.inspiredB.expressedC.conducted D.secured解析：解析：考查动词辨析。此处为动词的过去分词作后置定语修饰 interview，能接 interview 作宾语的只有 conduct“进行，实施”，因此选 C。inspire“鼓舞，激发”；express“表达”；secure“保护”，均与题意不符。(13).【B13】（分数：2.00）A.assignedB.rated
34、C.matchedD.arranged解析：解析：考查动词辨析。“on a scale of one to five”表明面试官根据表现将申请者分为五等。Brated“划分等级”符合题意，rate 相当于 rank。assign“分配，指派”；match“使匹配”；arrange“安排”；均与题意不符。(14).【B14】（分数：2.00）A.putB.gotC.gaveD.took 解析：解析：考查固定搭配。takeinto consideration“把考虑在内”。故选 Dtook。(15).【B15】（分数：2.00）A.insteadB.then C.everD.rather解析：解析
35、：考查逻辑关系。根据本句提示 be used in conjunction with“与结合在一起使用”，以便决定是否接受申请者，可以推断答案为 Bthen，具有承接之意。其他项均不符合题意。(16).【B16】（分数：2.00）A.selectedB.passedC.marked D.introduced解析：解析：考查上下文理解和动词辨析。which 引导定语从句修饰 a standardised exam，后面为800points(800 分)，考试和分数之间首选 Cmarked。select“选择”；pass“通过”；introduce“引进”，均与题意不符。(17).【B17】（分数
36、：2.00）A.before B.afterC.aboveD.below解析：解析：考查上下文理解和逻辑关系。这句话说“前面申请者的分数比_的申请者高 075 分”，“下一个申请者则”，由此可知，“前面的申请者”肯定不能是比他后面的人分数高，故排除 after，选 Abefore。(18).【B18】（分数：2.00）A.jumpB.floatC.drop D.fluctuate解析：解析：考查上下文理解。此题典型地体现了用“瞻前顾后法”解题。下一句中的 such a decrease即暗示了此题的答案是 Cdrop。jump“暴涨”；float“漂浮”；fluctuate“波动”，均不符合语
37、境。(19).【B19】（分数：2.00）A.achieveB.undo C.maintainD.disregard解析：解析：考查动词辨析。本句意为“这虽然听起来很少，但是为了_这种分数下降的影响，申请者的 GMAT 分数要比原本需要的分数多出 30 分”，可知应是抵消这种影响，因此选 Bundo“消除”。achieve“达到”；maintain“维持”；disregard“漠视”，均与题意不符。(20).【B20】（分数：2.00）A.promisingB.possibleC.necessary D.helpful解析：解析：考查上下文理解及形容词辨析。此处意为，这 30 分如果不是用来抵
38、消分数下降的影响的话，本来是比所需的要多的，因此选 Cnecessary“必需的”。promising“有前途的”；possible“可能的”；helpful“有帮助的”，均与题意不符。The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot【B1】_its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law【B2】_justices behave like politicians. Yet, in s
39、everal instances, justices acted in ways that【B3】_the court s reputation for being independent and impartial. Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the courts decisions will be【B4】_as impartial judgments. Part of the proble
40、m is that the justices are not【B5】_by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself【B6】_to the code of conduct that【B7】_to the rest of the federal judiciary. This and other similar cases【B8】_the question of whether there is still a【B9】_between the court and politics. The framers of
41、 the Constitution envisioned law【B10】_having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions【B11】_they would be free to【B12】_those in power and have no need to【B13】_political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so clo
42、sely【B14】_. Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social【B15】_like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it【B16】_is inescapably politicalwhich is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily【B17】_
43、as unjust. The justices must【B18】_doubts about the court s legitimacy by making themselves【B19】_to the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and,【B20】_, convincing as law.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.emphasizeB.maintain C.modifyD.recognize解析：解析：考查动
44、词辨析。首先浏览全文，了解文章的主旨基调。全文的最后一段给出建议：法官只有遵守行为准则。才能使法律判决独立于政治之外。因此此处选 Bmaintain，意为“法院维持其作为法律守护者的合法性”。同时，第二题的答案(when)也就明确了：当法官像政客一样行事时，法院就不能维持自己法律卫士的权威。emphasize“强调”；modify“修改”；recognize“识别，承认”，这些选项均与题意不符。(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）A.when B.lestC.beforeD.unless解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。这里的 when 表示的是条件关系，即“当的时候，如果”，故 Awhen正确。其他选
45、项均无法表示这个关系。(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）A.restoredB.weakened C.establishedD.eliminated解析：解析：考查动词辨析。Yet 表示转折的关系：“即便是这样，还是有很多法官这样做，从而损害了法庭独立、公正的名誉。”把逻辑关系理清后，即可将选择定在 B、D 两项之间，eliminated“消除”过于绝对，可以排除，因此选 Bweakened。restore“恢复”；establish“建立”，都和题意不相符。(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.challengedB.compromisedC.suspectedD.accepted 解析：解
46、析：考查动词辨析。这段举了法官参与到政治事件中的例子，来说明此类行为使得公众失去对法院公正判决的信心。challenge“挑战”和 suspect“怀疑”均与主旨矛盾，即肯定了法官参与政治的行为。compromise“妥协”的意思与题意不符。故选 Daccepted。(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）A.advancedB.caughtC.bound D.founded解析：解析：考查动词辨析。本段是总分的逻辑，首先提出法官卷入到政治中会带来的问题，然后分析问题的成因：法官是没有伦理道德准则的_。后一句话表明法院至少应该遵守行为规范，这就明显推断出上一句应该说的是法官的行为没有受到道德规范的约
47、束，Cbound“束缚”，引申为“约束”，符合题意。advance“发展，前进”；catch“捕捉”；found“建立，创办”，都是不合题意的。(6).【B6】（分数：2.00）A.resistantB.subject C.immuneD.prone解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。上文中指出“法官的行为不受道德准则约束”本句承接上句是从正面指出“法院至少应该使自己 行为准则”。subject(to)的意思为“使服从，受管制”，符合文意。故选Bsubject。resistant(to)“对抵抗的，对抗的”；immune(to)“免疫的，不起作用”；prone to“有倾向的，很有可能做的”，均不符合文意。(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）A.resortsB.sticksC.leadsD.applies 解析：解析：考查动词辨析。这个句子是定语从句，用于修饰前面的“code of conduct”，本句意思是“至少，法院应该遵守那些_联邦其他司法机构的行为准则”。apply(to)意为“适用于，应用于”，符合文意。故选 Dapplies。resort to 意思是“诉诸，求助于”；stick to 意思是“坚
