1、考研英语 729 及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)In economics the value added by a manufacturing firm to its products is the difference between the price of a finished product and the cost of raw materials, parts supplies, fuel, and electrical energy used in the production of that
2、 product. When 1 in this manner, the value added by manufacture is a useful index of the manufacturing firms 2 to the national economy. It is a more 3 index, of course, than 4 sales, a figure that is misleading because it tells 5 about production costs and 6 the manufacturing firm is 7 at a profit o
3、r at a loss. In education there is now a spirited 8 as to whether such a concept would not be most 9 for college graduates is evidently 10 in the salaries they can command 11 receipt of a college degree. Engineers, accountants, and computer specialists command 12 salaries upon graduation and by impl
4、ication, there must be an 13 value added to their marketability 14 the education and training they 15 in college. When looked at more closely, 16 ,the missing factor is 17 the difference between learner capabilities 18 to their educational experiences and graduate capabilities after 19 a college deg
5、ree. In brief, how much does the student 20 from the instruction he or she has received? （分数：1.00）(1). In economics the value added by a manufacturing firm to its products is the difference between the price of a finished product and the cost of raw materials, parts supplies, fuel, and electrical en
6、ergy used in the production of that product. When 1 in this manner, the value added by manufacture is a useful index of the manufacturing firms 2 to the national economy. It is a more 3 index, of course, than 4 sales, a figure that is misleading because it tells 5 about production costs and 6 the ma
7、nufacturing firm is 7 at a profit or at a loss. In education there is now a spirited 8 as to whether such a concept would not be most 9 for college graduates is evidently 10 in the salaries they can command 11 receipt of a college degree. Engineers, accountants, and computer specialists command 12 s
8、alaries upon graduation and by implication, there must be an 13 value added to their marketability 14 the education and training they 15 in college. When looked at more closely, 16 ,the missing factor is 17 the difference between learner capabilities 18 to their educational experiences and graduate
9、capabilities after 19 a college degree. In brief, how much does the student 20 from the instruction he or she has received? （分数：0.05）A.concludedB.computedC.conductedD.countedA.creationB.distributionC.contributionD.donationA.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothingA.thatB.whyC.whetherD.becauseA.opera
10、tingB.managingC.executingD.maintainingA.argumentB.debateC.quarrelD.disturbanceA.delightfulB.distinctiveC.appropriateD.acceptableA.reflectedB.embodiedC.embracedD.indicatedA.overB.uponC.aboutD.beforeA.plentifulB.extensiveC.abundantD.impressiveA.appreciableB.applicableC.essentialD.inherentA.inB.fromC.w
11、ithD.byA.realisticB.specificC.elasticD.economicA.persuedB.awardedC.receivedD.enjoyedA.thereforeB.howeverC.moreoverD.thereafterA.curiouslyB.graciouslyC.dubiouslyD.obviouslyA.superiorB.interiorC.priorD.inferiorA.earningB.grantingC.conferringD.offeringA.attainB.benefitC.rewardD.favorA.retailB.readyC.ne
12、tD.gross二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)1.Outline: 1) present situation 2) necessity of the project 3) my suggestionOutline: 1) present situation 2) necessity of the project 3) my suggestion（分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)Science-fiction movies can serve as myths about the future and thus
13、give some assurance about it. Whether the film is 2001 or Star Wars, such movies tell about progress that will expand mans powers and his experiences beyond anything now believed possible, while they assure us that all these advances will not wipe out man or life as we now know it. Thus one great an
14、xiety about the future-that it will have no place for us as we now are-is alleviated by such myths. They also promise that even in the most distant future, and despite the progress that will have occurred in the material world, mans basic concerns will be the same, and the struggle of good against e
15、vil-the central moral problem of our time-will not have lost its importance. Past and future are the lasting dimensions of our lives: the present is but a brief moment. So these visions about the future also contain our past; in Star Wars, battles are fought around issues that also motivated man in
16、the past. Thus, any vision about the future is really based on visions of the past, because that is all we can know for certain. As our religious myths about the future never went beyond Judgment Day, so our modern myths about the future cannot go beyond the search for lifes deeper meaning. The reas
17、on is that only as long as the choice between good and evil remains mans supreme moral problem does life retain that special dignity that derives from our ability to choose between the two. A world in which this conflict has been permanently resolved eliminates man as we know him. It might be a univ
18、erse peopled by angels, but it has no place for man. The moving picture is a visual art, based on sight. Speaking to our vision, it ought to provide us with the visions enabling us to live the good life; it ought to give us insight into ourselves. About a hundred years ago, Tolstoy wrote,“ Art is a
19、human activity having for its purpose the transmission to others of the highest and best feelings to which men have risen.“ Later, Robert Frost defined poetry as “beginning in delight and ending in wisdom.“ Thus it might be said that the state of the art of the moving image can be assessed by the de
20、gree to which it meets the mythopoetic task of giving us myths suitable to live by in our time-visions that transmit to us the highest and best feelings to which men have risen-and by how well the moving images give us that delight which leads to wisdom. Let us hope that the art of the moving image,
21、 this most genuine American art, will soon meet the challenge of becoming truly the great art of our age. （分数：1.00）(1).In the authors view, science-fiction movies（分数：0.20）A.assure us of the scientific miracles created.B.predict likely advances in human experiences.C.offer invented stories concerning
22、 mans fate.D.signify human powers to a fantastic extent.(2).In science-fiction movies, man can find（分数：0.20）A.fantasies that may relieve his anxiety for future existence.B.forecasts that his domination will be extended indefinitely.C.promises that his swelling demands will be fully satisfied.D.assur
23、ances that confirm the importance of moral principles.(3). The quotes from Tolstoy are used to（分数：0.20）A.reinforce the authors account about visual art.B.provide fresh points about the moving picture.C.define the basic characteristics of art activities.D.describe the requirements for the art transmi
24、ssion.(4). The movies such as Star Wars（分数：0.20）A.fail to reflect contemporary problems for their transience.B.fail to free their subjects from issues of mans concerns.C.succeed in depicting magic scenes irrelevant to the past.D.succeed in offering imaginary visions irrespective of reality(5).The th
25、eme of modern myths could be drastically changed（分数：0.20）A.only if the struggle for good life were fully discarded.B.if only the conflict between good and evil had ceased.C.on condition that man as he is now became extinct.D.provided that average people were converted to angels.The Supreme Court s d
26、ecisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect,“ a
27、 centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effectsa good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseenis permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminal
28、ly iii patients pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient. Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who“ until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to cont
29、rol their pain if that might hasten death.“ George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. “Its like
30、surgery,“ he says.“ We dont call those deaths homicides because the doctors didnt intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If youre a physician, you can risk your patients suicide as long as you dont intend their suicide.“ On another level, many in the medical community ackno
31、wledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying. Just three weeks before the Courts ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report,
32、Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of“ ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying“ as the twin problems of end-of-life care. The profession is taking steps to requ
33、ire young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life. Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that the
34、se well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care.“ Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,“ to the extent that it constitutes“ systematic patient abuse.“ He says medical licensing boards“ must make it clear, th
35、at painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension.“ （分数：1.00）(1).From the first three paragraphs, we learn that（分数：0.20）A.doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients pain.B.it is still illegal for doctors to help the d
36、ying end their lives.C.the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide.D.patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide.(2). Which of the following statements is true according to the text?（分数：0.20）A.Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients death.B.Modern medici
37、ne has assisted terminally iii patients in painless recovery.C.The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can be prescribed.D.A doctors medication is no longer justified by his intentions.(3).According to the NAS s report, one of the problems in end-of-tire care is（分数：0.20）A.prolonge
38、d medical procedures.B.inadequate treatment of pain.C.systematic drug abuse.D.insufficient hospital care(4).Which of the following best defines the word“ aggressive“ ( line 3, paragraph 7 ) ?（分数：0.20）A.Bold.B.Harmful.C.Careless.D.Desperate.(5).George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be
39、 punished if they（分数：0.20）A.manage their patients incompetently.B.give patients more medicine than needed.C.reduce drug dosages for their patients.D.prolong the needless suffering of the patients.If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition-wealth, distinction, control over ones desti
40、ny-must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambitions behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, however, it is the educat
41、ed who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition-if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have esca
42、ped-with the educated themselves riding on them. Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs-the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two ye
43、ars ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could ,lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of America
44、n materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so except
45、ional, the proper formulation is,“ Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.“ The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles ;its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse,
46、 a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. Con
47、sequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. Such then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life. （分数：1.00）(1)
48、.It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if_.（分数：0.25）A.its returns well compensate for the sacrificesB.it is rewarded with money, fame and powerC.its goals are spiritual rather than materialD.it is shared by the rich and the famous(2).The last sentence of the first paragraph mos
49、t probably implies that it is_.（分数：0.25）A.customary of the educated to discard ambition in wordsB.too late to check ambition once it has been let outC.dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goalD.impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition(3).Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because _.（分数：0.25）A.they think of it as immoralB.their pursuits are not
