1、考研英语 728 及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies -|_|- low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them -|_|- and active. When the work is well done, a -|_|- of accident-f
2、ree operations is established -|_|- time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum. Successful safety programs may -|_|- greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by -|_|- roles or s. -|_|- others
3、depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained. There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety -|_|- . The fewer the injury -|_|- , the b
4、etter the workmans insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at -|_|- or at a loss. Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies -|_|- low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them -|_|- and active. When the wor
5、k is well done, a -|_|- of accident-free operations is established -|_|- time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum. Successful safety programs may -|_|- greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practic
6、es by -|_|- roles or s. -|_|- others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained. There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety -|_|-
7、 . The fewer the injury -|_|- , the better the workmans insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at -|_|- or at a loss. （分数：1.00）A.atB.inC.onD.with二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)2. Study the following graph carefully and write an essay which should cover 1) general situation o
8、f crime victims in U. S. 2) the most frequent victims and their implications, and 3) your comment. You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) Study the following graph carefully and write an essay which should cover 1) general situation of crime victims in U. S. 2) th
9、e most frequent victims and their implications, and 3) your comment. You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) * （分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)Financial engineers dont wear white lab coats. They dont experiment on rats or perform gas chromatography(气相层析).
10、 Their raw material-money-isnt as showy as what biologists and physicists investigate. But the innovations they produce will contribute just as much to economic growth. Maybe more, in fact, because without the science of finance, all other sciences are just a bunch of neat concepts. Ideas begin to t
11、ribute to human betterment when theyre financed-by venture capital, stock offerings, loans, or buyouts. A smoothly operating financial system showers money on good ideas. Equally important, it cuts off funding to tired ideas and tired companies, so their assets can be employed more efficiently elsew
12、here. In the 21st century economy, innovation in finance will increase in concert with the increase in competition. Partly because of deregulation and globalization, competition should get tougher, and margins thinner. As products such as home mortgage loans become commoditized, financial- service c
13、ompanies will be forced to get more creative. Financial technology will keep feeding off information technology. The secret to success will be a strong software platform, which will lower the cost of general services while making it possible to create high-margin variations as well. A few companies
14、that get it right can spin away from the rest and become stronger and stronger. In the new world of finance, size counts. Big companies enjoy economies of scale and name recognition, and they can be safer because their bets are spread across more regions and market segments. The value of U. S. bank
15、mergers in the first half of 1998 was greater than that of the three previous years combined. The mergers are occurring across industries as well. At the other extreme will be specialists that survive by doing one thing either very cheaply or exceptionally well. By offering lower prices or better se
16、rvice, specialists will discipline the financial supermarkets; the big guys know their customers can walk away if they get a raw deal. “There is no way we are going to maximize a short-term transactional benefit at the risk of destroying a long-term relationship,“ says Chase Manhattan Corp. Vice-Cha
17、irman Joseph G. Sponholz. Predictably, the biggest winners from financial innovation will be companies, and families that have complex finances. Banks already show signs of losing interest in people who want just plain checking accounts. But as incomes and wealth rise, more people will find themselv
18、es thrust into the role of asset managers. Businesses, too, will have to become more sophisticated-if only to keep pace with financially innovative rivals. （分数：1.00）(1) In comparison with natural scientists, financial engineers（分数：0.20）A.may give even greater impetus to social development.B.can show
19、 more attention-getting features of their work.C.are more likely to make full use of their raw material.D.will produce as many innovations to advance economy.(2).In the absence of financial support, all scientific concepts（分数：0.20）A.would remain groups of merely impractical thoughts.B.could barely b
20、enefit the improvement of peoples life.C.should hardly lose venture capital and bank loans.D.might become tired ideas that cannot be implemented.(3).Companies or families may fail in financing if they（分数：0.20）A.defy unfair deals with customers.B.bank simply for interestC.put all their eggs in one ba
21、sket.D.put all their eggs in one basket.(4). In the current century, financial companies will（分数：0.20）A.take great pains to counter any other rival business firms.B.repel deregulation and globalization of financial service.C.employ information technology to make more profits.D.nvest in IT industry t
22、o create advanced software.(5).The startling growth of bank mergers indicates that（分数：0.20）A.scale is of vital importance to the survival of financial systems.B.financial-service companies need to turn out creative products.C.demand for investment of capital is becoming greater and greater.D.big com
23、panies want to risk their money on more than one result.Throughout history, gold has been a precious material, eagerly sought and cherished. It was probably the first metal to be mined because it is beautiful and imperishable (which will always exist or cannot wear out), and because beautiful object
24、s can be made from it-even with primitive tools. The amount of gold known to ancient peoples probably totaled not much more than the amount produced each year by the worlds largest gold mine located in the Witwatersrand district of South Africa. Stores of gold discovered by archaeologists in Greece,
25、 Scythia, and Egypt, as well as the gold from Indian treasuries in Mexico and Peru, represented years of patient collection of small quantities from streams and veins (矿脉) , often by slave labor. The essential value of gold has always been known, even before gold was used in coinage. It remains the
26、only universally recognized standard of value in international monetary exchange. Most of the worlds refined gold is absorbed by governments and central banks to provide backing for paper currency. But the amount of gold used in arts and in industry is increasing. In addition to its use for jewelry,
27、 decorative finishes, and dentistry, its special properties have led to many applications in modern science and technology. Surface coatings of gold protect earth satellites from heat and corrosion, and certain electrical components and circuits of spacecraft are made of gold when extreme reliabilit
28、y is required. Gold was first produced in the United States from the southern Appalachian region, beginning about 1792. These deposits, though rich, were relatively small and were quickly depleted. The discovery of gold at Sutters Mill in California sparked the gold rush of 1849-50. Hundreds of mini
29、ng camps sprang to life as new deposits were discovered. As a result, the production of gold increased rapidly. During World War I and for some years thereafter, annual production declined to about two million ounces. When the price of gold was raised in 1934 to $35 an ounce, production increased ra
30、pidly. Shortly after the start of World War, gold mines were closed and the government did not permit them to reopen until 1945. Since then the production of gold has not exceeded two million ounces a year. The largest producing gold mine in the United States is the Homestake Mine in South Dakota, w
31、hich yields about 575,000 ounces of gold each year. Other mines scattered throughout various parts of the world produce even larger amounts of this highly prized and eagerly sought yellowish material. （分数：1.00）(1).With respect to gold, the author favors the statement that（分数：0.20）A.its beauty and im
32、perishability made it the first metal discovered.B.rich deposits of it were found by archaeologists in ancient Greece and Egypt.C.primitive people must have made fine ornaments from the precious metal.D.Indian treasuries in Mexico were collected by slaves from brooks and veins.(2).According to the t
33、ext, which of the following is true?（分数：0.20）A.Surface coatings of gold protect earth satellites from radiation.B.Most of the worlds refined gold is used for currency backing.C.The worlds largest gold mine is located in South Dakota.D.The mining of gold can be traced back to the feudal age.(3).It ca
34、n be inferred from the text that（分数：0.20）A.gold supplies are judged to be shrinking gradually.B.dentistry demands more gold now than ever before.C.the yield of gold has been increasing since mid-1950s.D.gold has been highly valued as a strategic material.(4). The author suggests that（分数：0.20）A.the U
35、.S. is the largest producer of gold in the world.B.ancient peoples collected gold in considerable amounts.C.gold was first mined in the U.S. in the mid-1700s.D.governments keep the production of gold under control.(5). To develop his ideas, the author uses（分数：0.20）A.arguments and proofs.B.personal o
36、pinions.C.convincing examples.D.factual descriptions.Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments. Sir Isaac Newton supposedly discovered gravity through the fall of an apple. Apples had been falling
37、in many places for centuries and thousands of people had seen them fall. But Newton for years had been curious about the cause of the orbital motion of the moon and planets. What kept them in place? Why didnt they fall out of the sky? The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up int
38、o the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets. How many men would have considered the possibility of an apple falling up into the tree? Newton did because he was not trying to predict anything. He was just wondering. Hi
39、s mind was ready for the unpredictable. Unpredictability is part of the essential nature of research. If you dont have unpredictable things, you dont have research. Scientists tend to forget this when writing their cut and dried reports for the technical journals, but history is filled with examples
40、 of it. In talking to some scientists, particularly younger ones, you might gather the impression that they find the “scientific method“ a substitute for imaginative thought. Ive attended research conferences where a scientist has been asked what he thinks about the advisability of continuing a cert
41、ain experiment. The scientist has frowned, looked at the graphs, and said“ the data are still inconclusive.“ “We know that,“ the men from the budget office have said, “but what do you think? Is it worthwhile going on? What do you think we might expect?“ The scientist has been shocked at having even
42、been asked to speculate. What this amounts to, of course, is that the scientist has become the victim of his own writings. He has put forward unquestioned claims so consistently that he not only believes them himself, but has convinced industrial and business management that they are true. If experi
43、ments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who
44、know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his pa
45、pers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “odd balls“ among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers “who work well with the team.“ （分数：1.00）(1).The author wants to prove with the example of Isaac Newton that_.（分数：0.25）A.inquiring minds are mor
46、e important than scientific experimentsB.science advances when fruitful researches are conductedC.scientists seldom forget the essential nature of researchD.unpredictability weighs less than prediction in scientific research(2).The author asserts that scientists _.（分数：0.25）A.shouldnt replace “scient
47、ific method“ with imaginative thoughtB.shouldnt neglect to speculate on unpredictable thingsC.should write more concise reports for technical journalsD.should be confident about their research findings(3).It seems that some young scientists_.（分数：0.25）A.have a keen interest in predictionB.often specu
48、late on the futureC.think highly of creative thinkingD.stick to “scientific method“(4).The author implies that the results of scientific research_.（分数：0.25）A.may not be as profitable as they are expectedB.can be measured in dollars and centsC.rely on conformity to a standard patternD.are mostly underestimated by managementAimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan who
