1、考研英语 726 及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain -|_|- consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his
2、family -|_|- he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed sowing, as an insurance -|_|- the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to -|_|- old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to -|_|- the soil. He may als
3、o need money to construct irrigation -|_|- and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be -|_|- . He must either sell some of his property or -|_|- extra funds in the m of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low -|_|- of interest, but loans of this k
4、ind are not -|_|- obtainable. If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain -|_|- consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family -|_|- he produces a surplus. He
5、 must use this surplus in three ways: as seed sowing, as an insurance -|_|- the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to -|_|- old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to -|_|- the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation -
6、|_|- and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be -|_|- . He must either sell some of his property or -|_|- extra funds in the m of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low -|_|- of interest, but loans of this kind are not -|_|- obtainable.（分数：1.00）
7、A.other thanB.as well asC.instead ofD.more than二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)2. Study the following graph carefully and write an essay which should cover 1) general situation of crime victims in U. S. 2) the most frequent victims and their implications, and 3) your comment. You should write about
8、160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) Study the following graph carefully and write an essay which should cover 1) general situation of crime victims in U. S. 2) the most frequent victims and their implications, and 3) your comment. You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER
9、 SHEET 2. (20 points) * （分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)Rumor has it that more than 20 books on creationism/evolution are in the publishers pipelines. A few have already appeared. The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not t
10、wo equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life. Cosmology, geology and biology have provided a consistent, unified, and constantly improving account of what happened. “Scientific“ creationism, which is being pushed by some for “equal time“ in the classrooms wh
11、enever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science. Virtually all scientists and the majority of nonfundamentalist religious leaders have come to regard “scientific“ creationism as bad science and bad religion. The first four chapters of Kitcher s book give a ve
12、ry brief introduction to evolution. At appropriate places, he introduces the criticisms of the creationists and provides answers. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programmes and tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with t
13、he ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise. When their basic motivation is religious, one might have expected more Christian behavior. Kitcher is a philosopher, and this may account, in part, for the charity and effectiveness of his argum
14、ents. The nonspecialist will be able to obtain at least a notion of the sorts of data and argument that support evolutionary theory. The final chapters on the creationists will be extremely clear to all. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says:“ This book stands for reason itsel
15、f.“ And so it doesand all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate. （分数：1.00）(1).“Creationism“ in the passage refers to_.（分数：0.25）A.evolution in its true sense as to the origin of the universeB.a notion of the creation of religionC.the scientific explanation of th
16、e earth formationD.the deceptive theory about the origin of the universe(2).Kitcherss book is intended to_.（分数：0.25）A.recommend the views of the evolutionistsB.expose the true features of creationistsC.curse bitterly at his opponentsD.launch a surprise attack on creationists(3). From the passage we
17、can infer that_.（分数：0.25）A.reasoning has played a decisive role in the debateB.creationists do not base their argument on reasoningC.evolutionary theory is too difficult for non-specialistsD.creationism is supported by scientific findings(4).This passage appears to be a digest of_.（分数：0.25）A.a book
18、reviewB.a scientific paperC.a magazine featureD.a newspaper editorialIf ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition-wealth, distinction, control over ones destiny-must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambitions behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must
19、be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambitio
20、n-if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped-with the educated themselves riding on them. Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than
21、 formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs-the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could ,lest t
22、hey be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the
23、 journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is,“ Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.“ The attacks on ambition are many and co
24、me from various angles ;its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This
25、 does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. Such then, is the wa
26、y things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life. （分数：1.00）(1).It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if_.（分数：0.25）A.its returns well compensate for the sacrificesB.it
27、is rewarded with money, fame and powerC.its goals are spiritual rather than materialD.it is shared by the rich and the famous(2).The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is_.（分数：0.25）A.customary of the educated to discard ambition in wordsB.too late to check ambition on
28、ce it has been let outC.dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goalD.impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition(3).Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because _.（分数：0.25）A.they think of it as immoralB.their pursuits are not fame or wealthC.ambition i
29、s not closely related to material benefitsD.they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible(4).From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained _.（分数：0.25）A.secretly and vigorouslyB.openly and enthusiasticallyC.easily and momentarilyD.verbally and spiritually
30、In such a changing, complex society formerly simple solutions to informational needs become complicated. Many of lifes problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. Where to turn for expert information and how
31、to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today. In addition to this, there is the growing mobility of people since World War . As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of
32、information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. The almost unconscious flow of information about the simplest aspects of living can be cut off. Thus, things once learned subconsciously through the casual communic
33、ations of the extended family must be consciously learned. Adding to societal changes today is an enormous stockpile of information. The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is
34、 complicated, time-consuming and sometimes even overwhelming. Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before. Computer technology mak
35、es it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine readable files, and to program computers to locate specific information. Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio, and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes of messages. Sate
36、llites have extended the power of communications to report events at the instant of occurrence. Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled Without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site. Technol
37、ogy has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people. In this world of change and complexity, the need for information is of greatest importance. Those people who have accurate, reliable up-to-date informati
38、on to solve the day-to-day problems, the critical problems of their business, social and family life, will survive and succeed. “Knowledge is power“ may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people. （分数：1.00）(1). The word “it“ ( line 3, para.
39、 2) most probably refers to_.（分数：0.25）A.the lack of stable communitiesB.the breakdown of informal information channelsC.the increased mobility of familiesD.the growing number of people moving from place to place(2). The main problem people may encounter today arises from the fact that_.（分数：0.25）A.th
40、ey have to learn new things consciouslyB.they lack the confidence of securing reliable and trustworthy informationC.they have difficulty obtaining the needed information readilyD.they can hardly carry out casual communications with an extended family(3). From the passage we can infer that_.（分数：0.25）
41、A.electronic mail will soon play a dominant role in transmitting messagesB.it will become more difficult for people to keep secrets in an information eraC.people will spend less time holding meeting or conferencesD.events will be reported on the spot mainly through satellites(4).We can learn from th
42、e last paragraph that_.（分数：0.25）A.it is necessary to obtain as much knowledge as possibleB.people should make the best use of the information accessibleC.we should realize the importance of accumulating informationD.it is of vital importance to acquire needed information efficientlyIn a competitive
43、economy, the consumer usually has the choice of several different brands of the same product. Yet underneath their labels, these products are often nearly identical. One manufacturers toothpaste tends to differ very little from another manufacturers. Two different brands of shampoo may vary only in
44、scent or color. And the tobacco in two different brands of cigarettes frequently comes from the same fields. This close similarity means that a shopper often has little reason to choose one brand over another. Thus, manufacturers are confronted with a problem-how to keep sales high enough to stay in
45、 business. Manufacturers solve this problem by advertising. Through advertising, each manufacturing company tries to convince consumers that its product is special. To do this ,the companies try to appeal to consumers in various ways. In fact, advertisements may be classified into three types accord
46、ing to the kind of appeals they use. One type of advertisement tries to appeal to the consumers reasoning mind. It may offer a claim that seems scientific. For example, it may say that dentists recommend Flash toothpaste, or it may declare that Woof dog food contains a special, vitamin-rich ingredie
47、nt known as K-9, or it may report that laboratory tests show that R. I. P. cigarettes contain fewer harmful ingredients than other brands. In selling a product, the truth of advertising may be less important than the appearance of truth. A scientific approach gives the appearance of truth. Another type of advertisement tries to amuse the potential buyer. Products that are essentially boring, such as cleaning powder or insecticide, are often advertised in an amusing manner. One way of doing this is to make the products appear alive. The advertiser may draw little cartoo
