1、考研英语 71及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)Manpower Inc. ,with 560,000 workers, is the worlds largest temporary, employment agency. Every morning, its people -|_|- into the offices and factories of America, seeking a days work for a days pay, one day at a time. -|_|- industria
2、l giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive -|_|- reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming. -|_|- its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part-timers and temporary workers. This“ -|_|- “work force is the
3、most important -|_|- in American business today, and it is -|_|- changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive -|_|- avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens -|_|- by employment rules, healthcare costs and pe
4、nsion plans. workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of -|_|- that came being a loyal employee. Manpower Inc. ,with 560,000 workers, is the worlds largest temporary, employment agency. Every morning, its people -|_|- into the offices and factories of America, seeking a days wo
5、rk for a days pay, one day at a time. -|_|- industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive -|_|- reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming. -|_|- its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part-timers a
6、nd temporary workers. This“ -|_|- “work force is the most important -|_|- in American business today, and it is -|_|- changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive -|_|- avoiding market cycles and the growing burde
7、ns -|_|- by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans. workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of -|_|- that came being a loyal employee. （分数：1.00）A.swarmB.strideC.separateD.slip二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)2. 1) Describe the pictures. 2) Deduce the purpose of th
8、e drawer of the pictures. 3) Suggest counter-measures. 1) Describe the pictures. 2) Deduce the purpose of the drawer of the pictures. 3) Suggest counter-measures.* （分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)In a competitive economy, the consumer usually has the choice of several different brands of t
9、he same product. Yet underneath their labels, these products are often nearly identical. One manufacturers toothpaste tends to differ very little from another manufacturers. Two different brands of shampoo may vary only in scent or color. And the tobacco in two different brands of cigarettes frequen
10、tly comes from the same fields. This close similarity means that a shopper often has little reason to choose one brand over another. Thus, manufacturers are confronted with a problem-how to keep sales high enough to stay in business. Manufacturers solve this problem by advertising. Through advertisi
11、ng, each manufacturing company tries to convince consumers that its product is special. To do this ,the companies try to appeal to consumers in various ways. In fact, advertisements may be classified into three types according to the kind of appeals they use. One type of advertisement tries to appea
12、l to the consumers reasoning mind. It may offer a claim that seems scientific. For example, it may say that dentists recommend Flash toothpaste, or it may declare that Woof dog food contains a special, vitamin-rich ingredient known as K-9, or it may report that laboratory tests show that R. I. P. ci
13、garettes contain fewer harmful ingredients than other brands. In selling a product, the truth of advertising may be less important than the appearance of truth. A scientific approach gives the appearance of truth. Another type of advertisement tries to amuse the potential buyer. Products that are es
14、sentially boring, such as cleaning powder or insecticide, are often advertised in an amusing manner. One way of doing this is to make the products appear alive. The advertiser may draw little cartoon eyes, arms, and legs on the cans of cleaning powder and have the resulting figures scrub the sink. A
15、ds of this sort are silly, but advertisers believe that consumers are likely to remember and buy the products that the consumers associate with fun. Associating the product with something pleasant is the technique of the third type of appeal. In this class are ads that suggest that the product will
16、satisfy some basic human desires. One such desire is the wish to be admired by other people. Many automobile advertisements are in this category. They imply that other people will admire you-may even be jealous-when they see you driving the hot, new Aardvark car. This kind of appeal is sometimes str
17、engthened by hiring a famous person to endorse the product. Seeing the famous person, the consumer is supposed to reason thus: Everyone admires Judson Smith the great football star. Judson Smith used Buckworthy Bank travelers checks. Therefore, if I use Buckworthy Bank travelers checks, everyone wil
18、l admire me too. Some other basic desires that ads commonly try to appeal to are the desires for social acceptance ,financial security, and so on. One only needs to look through a magazine or watch an hour of TV in order to see examples of these three different advertising strategies. （分数：1.00）(1).M
19、anufacturers take to advertising primarily（分数：0.20）A.to provide dependable information about their goods.B.to demonstrate distinctive features of their products.C.to create a superior brand to other brands.D.to enhance marketability of their products.(2). The scientific approach of advertising appea
20、l is（分数：0.20）A.to recommend products scientifically superior to others.B.to make scientific statements to attract potential buyers.C.to impress consumers with scientific truth about the product.D.to associate laboratory findings with the ingredients of the product.(3).The best title for this text wo
21、uld be（分数：0.20）A.Ways and Means to Push Sales.B.Helpful Hints for Effective Advertisement.C.Consumer Psychology Approach in AdvertisingD.Some Appealing Advertising Techniques.(4).The author is probably in favor of the statement that（分数：0.20）A.diverse brands of identical products make consumers confu
22、sedB.any product advertised in a cartoon figure sells well.C.Its appealing to have a celebrity sign on the product.D.the best policy is to improve production and service.(5).We can infer from the text that（分数：0.20）A.the stated advertising strategies can be applied to any product.B.market economy is
23、characterized by competition in various forms.C.consumers can often make wise choices among similar products.D.modern mass media are dominated by false and deceptive ads.Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form cont
24、inues to thrive, alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet. It has long been known that a taxi finn called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when custome
25、rs thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zo? Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K. Thus
26、 the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush s predecessors ( including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the
27、 G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chretien and Koizumi). The worlds three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world s five ric
28、hest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht). Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from th
29、e front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short -sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be
30、worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly. The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach file Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shor
31、tlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them. （分数：1.00）(1). What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?（分数：0.20）A.A k
32、ind of overlooked inequality.B.A type of conspicuous bias.C.A type of personal prejudice.D.A kind of brand discrimination.(2).What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?（分数：0.20）A.In both East and West, names are essential to success.B.The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zo? Zysman.C.
33、Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies names.D.Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.(3).The 4th paragraph suggests that（分数：0.20）A.questions are often put to the more intelligent students.B.alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class.C.teachers should
34、pay attention to all of their students.D.students should be seated according to their eyesight.(4).What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ“ ( Line 2, Paragraph 5 ) .?（分数：0.20）A.They are getting impatient.B.They are noisily dozing off.C.They are feeling humiliated.D.They
35、are busy with word puzzles.(5).Which of the following is true according to the text?（分数：0.20）A.People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.B.VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.C.The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.D.Putting
36、things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.Tight-lipped elders used to say,“ Its not what you want in this world, but what you get.“ Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right things. You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you woul
37、d make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living. If we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide which food to cook first, and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to b
38、e served. Likewise, if you want to find a job, take a sheet of paper, and write a brief account of yourself. In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to offer, you can intelligently plan where to sell your services. This account of yourself is act
39、ually a sketch of your working life and should include education, experience and references. Such an account is valuable. It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews. While talking to you ,your could-be employer is deciding whether
40、 your education, your experience, and other qualifications, will pay him to employ you and your“ wares“ and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner. When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something tangible to sell. Then
41、 you are ready to hunt for a job. Get all the possible information about your could be job. Make inquiries as to the details regarding the job and the firm. Keep your eyes and ears open, and use your own judgement. Spend a certain amount of time each day seeking the employment you wish for, and keep
42、 in mind: Securing a job is your job now. （分数：1.00）(1). What do the elders mean when they say, “Its not what you want in this world, but what you get. “?（分数：0.25）A.Youll certainly get what you want.B.Its no use dreaming.C.You should be dissatisfied with what you have.D.Its essential to set a goal fo
43、r yourself.(2). A blueprint made before inviting a friend to dinner is used in this passage as_.（分数：0.25）A.an illustration of how to write an application for a jobB.an indication of how to secure a good jobC.a guideline for job descriptionD.a principle for job evaluation(3). According to the passage
44、, one must write an account of himself before starting to find a job because _.（分数：0.25）A.that is the first step to please the employerB.that is the requirement of the employerC.it enables him to know when to sell his servicesD.it forces him to become clearly aware of himself(4).When you have carefu
45、lly prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something_.（分数：0.25）A.definite to offerB.imaginary to provideC.practical to supplyD.desirable to presentScience-fiction movies can serve as myths about the future and thus give some assurance about it. Whether the film is 2001 or Star
46、Wars, such movies tell about progress that will expand mans powers and his experiences beyond anything now believed possible, while they assure us that all these advances will not wipe out man or life as we now know it. Thus one great anxiety about the future-that it will have no place for us as we
47、now are-is alleviated by such myths. They also promise that even in the most distant future, and despite the progress that will have occurred in the material world, mans basic concerns will be the same, and the struggle of good against evil-the central moral problem of our time-will not have lost it
48、s importance. Past and future are the lasting dimensions of our lives: the present is but a brief moment. So these visions about the future also contain our past; in Star Wars, battles are fought around issues that also motivated man in the past. Thus, any vision about the future is really based on visions of the past, because that is all we can know for certain. As our religious m
