1、考研英语 717及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)The appeal of the world of work is first its freedom. The child is compelled to go to school; he is under the 1 of authority. Even what he 2 to school may be decided for him. As he grows up,he sees 3 it is to be free 4 school and to
2、be able to choose his job and change it if he doesnt like it,to have money in his pocket and 5 to come and go as he wishes in the world. The boys and girls, a year or two older than he is, whom he has long observed, revisit school utterly 6 and apparently mature. Suddenly masters and mistresses seem
3、 7 out of date as his parents and the authority of school a 8 thing. At the moment the adult world may appear so much more real than the school world 9 the hunger to enter it cannot be appeased by exercises in school books, or talk of 10 examinations necessary for entry into professions or the more
4、attractive occupations. This may not be the wisest 11 but it is a necessary part of growing up, for everyone must come sooner or later to the 12 of saying“ Really, Ive had enough of being taught; I must do a proper job. “Some youths, maturing rapidly because of outside influences,come to this decisi
5、on 13 than they ought. Yet in a way this is not a bad frame of mind to be in 14 leaving school. At work, the young man makes one of the first great acceptances of life-he accepts the 15 of the material or the process he is working with. The job must be done in accord with some rigid process he canno
6、t 16 . He sees the point of it and in doing so comes to 17 with life. Nothing done in school 18 its will in quite the same way;if it is wet games can be cancelled;if the math master is ill one can 19 with something else. But even the boy delivering papers, like the driver taking out his bus, discove
7、rs that one cannot 20 because there is snow on the ground, or the foreman is irritable, or he himself is in a bad mood that morning.（分数：1.00）(1).The appeal of the world of work is first its freedom. The child is compelled to go to school; he is under the 1 of authority. Even what he 2 to school may
8、be decided for him. As he grows up,he sees 3 it is to be free 4 school and to be able to choose his job and change it if he doesnt like it,to have money in his pocket and 5 to come and go as he wishes in the world. The boys and girls, a year or two older than he is, whom he has long observed, revisi
9、t school utterly 6 and apparently mature. Suddenly masters and mistresses seem 7 out of date as his parents and the authority of school a 8 thing. At the moment the adult world may appear so much more real than the school world 9 the hunger to enter it cannot be appeased by exercises in school books
10、, or talk of 10 examinations necessary for entry into professions or the more attractive occupations. This may not be the wisest 11 but it is a necessary part of growing up, for everyone must come sooner or later to the 12 of saying“ Really, Ive had enough of being taught; I must do a proper job. “S
11、ome youths, maturing rapidly because of outside influences,come to this decision 13 than they ought. Yet in a way this is not a bad frame of mind to be in 14 leaving school. At work, the young man makes one of the first great acceptances of life-he accepts the 15 of the material or the process he is
12、 working with. The job must be done in accord with some rigid process he cannot 16 . He sees the point of it and in doing so comes to 17 with life. Nothing done in school 18 its will in quite the same way;if it is wet games can be cancelled;if the math master is ill one can 19 with something else. B
13、ut even the boy delivering papers, like the driver taking out his bus, discovers that one cannot 20 because there is snow on the ground, or the foreman is irritable, or he himself is in a bad mood that morning.（分数：0.05）A.thumbB.fingerC.palmD.handA.carriesB.bearsC.wearsD.bringsA.freedomB.desireC.impu
14、lseD.curiosityA.transferredB.transformedC.relaxedD.relievedA.muchB.suchC.soD.asA.ambiguousB.ambitiousC.ridiculousD.conspicuousA.thatB.whichC.whenD.whereA.testifyingB.qualifyingC.justifyingD.rectifyingA.latitudesB.altitudesC.magnitudesD.attitudesA.vergeB.phaseC.pointD.senseA.betterB.soonerC.fasterD.l
15、aterA.byB.atC.forD.onA.whyB.whatC.howD.whetherA.disciplineB.restraintC.principleD.regulationA.reviseB.offendC.alterD.shiftA.dealsB.termsC.touchesD.arraysA.plungeB.impactC.imposeD.reinforceA.go overB.get onC.cut inD.come upA.put it offB.get it overC.pull it upD.make it outA.toB.forC.inD.of二、Section W
16、riting(总题数：1，分数：1.00)1.Directions: Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the picture, 2) analyze the causes of the problem, and 3) propose possible solutions. You should write about 160200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) Directions: Stud
17、y the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the picture, 2) analyze the causes of the problem, and 3) propose possible solutions. You should write about 160200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)* （分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)Among the ma
18、ny other things it is, a portrait is always a record of the personal and artistic encounter that produced it. It is possible for artists to produce portraits of individuals who have not sat for them, but the portrait that finally emerges normally betrays the restrictions under which the artist has b
19、een forced to labor. Even when an artists portrait is simply a copy of someone elses work-as in the many portraits of Queen Elizabeth I that were produced during her lifetime-the never-changing features of a ruler who refused to sit for her court painters reflect not only the supposed powers of an e
20、ver-youthful queen but the remoteness of those attempting to depict her as well. Portraits are “occasional“ not only in the sense that they are closely tied to particular events in the lives of their subjects but in the sense that there is usually an occasion-however brief, uncomfortable, artificial
21、, or unsatisfactory it may prove to be-in which the artist and subject directly confront each other;and thus the encounter a portrait records is most really the sitting itself. The sitting may be brief or extended, collegial or confrontational. Cartier-Bresson has expressed his passion for portrait
22、photography by characterizing it as “a duel without rules“. While Cartier-Bresson reveals himself as an interloper and opportunist, Richard Avedon confesses to a role as diagnostician and psychic healer: not as someone who necessarily transforms his subjects, but as someone who reveals their essenti
23、al nature. Both photographers appear to agree on one basis, however, which is that the fundamental dynamic in this process lies squarely in the hands of the artist. A quite-different example has its roots not in confrontation or consultation but in active collaboration between the artist and sitter.
24、 This very different kind of relationship was formulated most vividly by William Hazlitt in his essay entitled “On Sitting for Ones Picture“. To Hazlitt, the “bond of connection“ between painter and sitter is most like the relationship between two lovers: “They are always thinking and talking of the
25、 same thing, in which their self love finds an equal counterpart.“ Hazlitt flashes out his thesis by recounting particular episodes from the career of Sir Joshua Reynolds. According to Hazlitt, Reynolds sitters, accompanied by their friends, were meant to enjoy an atmosphere that was both comfortabl
26、e for them and conductive to the enterprise of the portrait painter, who was simultaneously their host and their contractual employee. In the case of artists like Reynolds, no fundamental difference exists between the artists studio and all those other rooms in which the sitters spin out the days of
27、 their lives. The act of entering Reynolds studio did not necessarily transform those who sat for him. Collaboration in portraiture such as Reynolds is based on the sitters comfort and security as well as on his or her desire to experiment with something new, and it is in this “creation of another s
28、elf“, as Hazlitt put it, that the painters subjects may properly see themselves for the first time. （分数：1.00）(1). In referring to Queen Elizabeth I as “ever-youthful“, the author implies that（分数：0.20）A.she instructed court painters to portray her younger than she actually was.B.all her portraits ava
29、ilable for copying were painted when she was young.C.she intended her portrait to be painted young to reflect her ruling powers.D.artists purposely made her portraits appear younger than her actual age.(2).The author quotes Cartier-Bresson in order to（分数：0.20）A.refute Avedons conception about a port
30、rait sitting.B.provide one perspective of the portraiture encounter.C.exemplify time restriction of the sitting for portraiture.D.support the thesis on the uncertainty of a collegial sitting(3).It would be most consistent with the text to infer that Reynolds（分数：0.20）A.may have provided a transformin
31、g experience for some sitters.B.must have worked primarily with experienced portrait subjects.C.might have frequently painted portraits at his subjects homes.D.could have been alone with his sitters while portraying them.(4).Which of the following best characterizes the portraiture experience as vie
32、wed by Avedon?（分数：0.20）A.A collaboration.B.A mutual accommodation.C.A consultation.D.A comfortable encounter.(5).A portrait artist operating under the Reynolds example would probably disagree that（分数：0.20）A.a portrait sitting often changes the way the sitter views himself/herself.B.portraiture helps
33、 both artist and subject to display their vanity.C.a portrait sitting may frequently heighten the sitters self-knowledge.D.portraiture depends more on the subjects initiative than on the artists.A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Ame
34、ricans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians ,and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small- minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observati
35、on made so frequently that it deserves comment. For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and traveler
36、s were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world. The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone travelling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of
37、 choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didnt take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation. Today there are many char
38、itable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. “I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pre
39、tty soon he invited me home for dinneramazing. “Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically dev
40、eloped cultural tradition. As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Vis
41、itors who fail to“ translate“ cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word “friend“, the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitors language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a
42、bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers. （分数：1.00）(1). In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, _.（分数：0.25）A.rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the
43、USB.small-minded officials deserve a serious commentC.Canadians are not so friendly as their neighborsD.most Americans are ready to offer help(2).It could be inferred from the last paragraph that _.（分数：0.25）A.culture exercises an influence over social interrelationshipB.courteous convention and indi
44、vidual interest are interrelatedC.various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friendsD.social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions(3). Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers_.（分数：0.25）A.to improve their hard lifeB.in view of their long-dist
45、ance travelC.to add some flavor to their own daily lifeD.out of a charitable impulse(4).The tradition of hospitality to strangers_.（分数：0.25）A.tends to be superficial and artificialB.is generally well kept up in the United StatesC.is always understood properlyD.has something to do with the busy touri
46、st trailsMuch of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as“ steering the economy to a soft landing“ or“ a touch on the brakes“, makes it sound Like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long,
47、 variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear-view mirror and a faulty steering wheel. Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much
48、 to boast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 198
49、0s. It is also less than most forecasters had predicted. In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that Americas inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of
