1、考研英语 716及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. -|_|- kind of sleep is at all well-understood, but REM sleep is -|_|- to serve some restora
2、tive function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more -|_|- . The new experiments, such as those -|_|- for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations -|_|-of non-REM sleep. For example, it has long been known
3、that total sleep -|_|-is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, -|_|-examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A researcher has now -|_|- the mystery of why the animals die. The rats -|_|- bacterial infections of the blood, -|_|- their immune systems the self-protecting mechanism
4、against diseaseshad crashed. Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. -|_|- kind of sleep is at all well-understood, but REM sleep is -|_|- to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpos
5、e of non-REM sleep is even more -|_|- . The new experiments, such as those -|_|- for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations -|_|-of non-REM sleep. For example, it has long been known that total sleep -|_|-is 100 percent f
6、atal to rats, yet, -|_|-examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A researcher has now -|_|- the mystery of why the animals die. The rats -|_|- bacterial infections of the blood, -|_|- their immune systems the self-protecting mechanism against diseaseshad crashed. （分数：1.00）
7、A.EitherB.NeitherC.EachD.Any二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)2. 1) describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, and 2) point out its implications in our life. You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) 1) describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, and 2)
8、point out its implications in our life. You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) （分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)Throughout history, gold has been a precious material, eagerly sought and cherished. It was probably the first metal to be mined because it is beau
9、tiful and imperishable (which will always exist or cannot wear out), and because beautiful objects can be made from it-even with primitive tools. The amount of gold known to ancient peoples probably totaled not much more than the amount produced each year by the worlds largest gold mine located in t
10、he Witwatersrand district of South Africa. Stores of gold discovered by archaeologists in Greece, Scythia, and Egypt, as well as the gold from Indian treasuries in Mexico and Peru, represented years of patient collection of small quantities from streams and veins (矿脉) , often by slave labor. The ess
11、ential value of gold has always been known, even before gold was used in coinage. It remains the only universally recognized standard of value in international monetary exchange. Most of the worlds refined gold is absorbed by governments and central banks to provide backing for paper currency. But t
12、he amount of gold used in arts and in industry is increasing. In addition to its use for jewelry, decorative finishes, and dentistry, its special properties have led to many applications in modern science and technology. Surface coatings of gold protect earth satellites from heat and corrosion, and
13、certain electrical components and circuits of spacecraft are made of gold when extreme reliability is required. Gold was first produced in the United States from the southern Appalachian region, beginning about 1792. These deposits, though rich, were relatively small and were quickly depleted. The d
14、iscovery of gold at Sutters Mill in California sparked the gold rush of 1849-50. Hundreds of mining camps sprang to life as new deposits were discovered. As a result, the production of gold increased rapidly. During World War I and for some years thereafter, annual production declined to about two m
15、illion ounces. When the price of gold was raised in 1934 to $35 an ounce, production increased rapidly. Shortly after the start of World War, gold mines were closed and the government did not permit them to reopen until 1945. Since then the production of gold has not exceeded two million ounces a ye
16、ar. The largest producing gold mine in the United States is the Homestake Mine in South Dakota, which yields about 575,000 ounces of gold each year. Other mines scattered throughout various parts of the world produce even larger amounts of this highly prized and eagerly sought yellowish material. （分
17、数：1.00）(1).With respect to gold, the author favors the statement that（分数：0.20）A.its beauty and imperishability made it the first metal discovered.B.rich deposits of it were found by archaeologists in ancient Greece and Egypt.C.primitive people must have made fine ornaments from the precious metal.D.
18、Indian treasuries in Mexico were collected by slaves from brooks and veins.(2).According to the text, which of the following is true?（分数：0.20）A.Surface coatings of gold protect earth satellites from radiation.B.Most of the worlds refined gold is used for currency backing.C.The worlds largest gold mi
19、ne is located in South Dakota.D.The mining of gold can be traced back to the feudal age.(3).It can be inferred from the text that（分数：0.20）A.gold supplies are judged to be shrinking gradually.B.dentistry demands more gold now than ever before.C.the yield of gold has been increasing since mid-1950s.D.
20、gold has been highly valued as a strategic material.(4). The author suggests that（分数：0.20）A.the U.S. is the largest producer of gold in the world.B.ancient peoples collected gold in considerable amounts.C.gold was first mined in the U.S. in the mid-1700s.D.governments keep the production of gold und
21、er control.(5). To develop his ideas, the author uses（分数：0.20）A.arguments and proofs.B.personal opinions.C.convincing examples.D.factual descriptions.There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result o
22、r product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new languageall these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts. By contrast, the process of personal growth is much
23、more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In
24、this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept. In order to grow, to travel new roads ,people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may “fa
25、il“ at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious? If so, then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think were shy and indecisive? Then our sense of timidity
26、can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly ,and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we think were slow to adapt to change or that were not smart enough to cope with a new challenge? Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all. These feelings of insecurity and s
27、elf-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts, if we protect ourselves too much, then we cease to grow. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making. （分数：1.00）(1). A person is generally believed to
28、achieve personal growth when_.（分数：0.25）A.he has given up his smoking habitB.he has made great efforts in his workC.he is keen on learning anything newD.he has tried to determine where he is on his journey(2). In the authors eyes, one who views personal growth as a process would_.（分数：0.25）A.succeed i
29、n climbing up the social ladderB.judge his ability to grow from his own achievementsC.face difficulties and take up challengesD.aim high and reach his goal each time(3).When the author says “a new way of being“ (line 3, para. 3) ,he is referring to_.（分数：0.25）A.a new approach to experiencing the worl
30、dB.a new way of taking risksC.a new method of perceiving ourselvesD.a new system of adapting to change(4). For personal growth, the author advocates all of the following EXCEPT_.（分数：0.25）A.curiosity about more chancesB.promptness in self-adaptationC.open-mindedness to new experiencesD.avoidance of i
31、nternal fears and doubtsModern technology and science have produced a wealth of new materials and new ways of using old materials. For the artist this means wider opportunities. There is no doubt that the limitations of materials and nature of tools both restrict and shape a mans work. Observe how t
32、he development of plastics and light metals along with new methods of welding has changed the direction of sculpture. Transparent plastic materials allow one to look through an object, to see its various sides superimposed on each other (as in Cubism or in an X-ray). Today, welding is as prevalent a
33、s casting was in the past. This new method encourages open designs, where surrounding and intervening space becomes as important as form itself. More ambiguous than other scientific inventions familiar to modern artists, but no less influential, are the psychoanalytic studies of Freud and his follow
34、ers, discoveries that have infiltrated recent art, especially Surrealism (超现实主义). The Surrealists, in their struggle to escape the monotony and frustrations of everyday life, claimed that dreams were the only hope. Turning to the irrational world of their unconscious, they banished all time barriers
35、 and moral judgments to combine disconnected dream experiences from the past, present and intervening psychological states. The Surrealists were concerned with overlapping emotions more than with overlapping forms. Their paintings often become segmented capsules of associative experiences. For them,
36、 obsessive and often unrelated images replaced the direct emotional messages of Expressionism. They did not need to smash paint and canvas; they went beyond this to smash the whole continuity of logical thought. There is little doubt that contemporary art has taken much from contemporary life. In a
37、period when science has made revolutionary strides, artists in their studios have not been unaware of scientists in their laboratories. But this has rarely been a one-way street. Painters and sculptors, though admittedly influenced by modern science, have also molded and changed our world. If break-
38、up has been a vital part of their expression, it has not always been a symbol of destruction. Quite the contrary: it has been used to examine more fully, to penetrate more deeply, to analyze more thoroughly, to enlarge, isolate and make more familiar certain aspects of life that earlier we were apt
39、to neglect. In addition, it sometimes provides rich multiple experiences so organized as not merely to reflect our world, but in fact to interpret it. （分数：1.00）(1).We learn from the text that artistic creations（分数：0.20）A.can be seen as the reflection of the material world.B.seem to be incapable of e
40、scaping material advances.C.are said to have made great strides scientifically.D.appear to be the reproductions of modern technology.(2). The inventions of new materials and welding techniques（分数：0.20）A.are responsible for most of the changes in sculpture arts.B.enable sculptors to superimpose multi
41、ple sides of their designs.C.permit details of an object to be magnified and seen clearly.D.provoke artists to make themselves adaptable to the surroundings.(3).The author concludes that（分数：0.20）A.contemporary art has been nourished by modern science.B.the impacts of modern art and science are actua
42、lly mutual.C.destruction or break-up have been typical of modern art.D.the arts analysis of our world seems deeper than sciences.(4). The author argues that Freuds studies（分数：0.20）A.are less comprehensible than most scientific inventions.B.are more controversial than any other scientific findings.C.
43、have imposed much interference upon contemporary arts.D.have found their expression in the Surrealisms claims.(5).The Surrealists made every endeavor（分数：0.20）A.to transform real existence into incoherent dreams.B.to diminish all time barriers and moral judgments.C.to express their disconnected subco
44、nscious thoughts.D.to substitute direct expressions for fragmented images.For three decades weve heard endlessly about the virtues of aerobic (increasing oxygen consumption) exercise. Medical authorities have praised running and jumping as the key to good health, and millions of Americans have taken
45、 to the treadmill(踏车) to reap the rewards. But the story is changing. Everyone from the American Heart Association to the surgeon generals office has recently embraced strength training as a complement to aerobics. And as weight lifting has gone mainstream, so has the once obscure practice known as
46、“Super Slow“ training. Enthusiasts claim that by pumping iron at a snails pace-making each “rep“(repeat) last 14 seconds instead of the usual seven-you can safely place extraordinary demands on your muscles, and call forth an extraordinary response. Slow lifting may not be the only exercise you need
47、, as some advocates believe, but the benefits are often dramatic. Almost anyone can handle this routine. The only requirements are complete focus and a tolerance for deep muscular burn. Fox each exercise-leg press, bench press, shoulder press and so on-you set the machine to provide only moderate re
48、sistance. But as you draw out each rep, depriving yourself of impetus, the weight soon feels unbearable. Defying the impulse to stop, you keep going until you cant complete a rep. Then you sustain your vain effort for 10 more seconds while the weight sinks gradually toward its cradle. Intense? Uncomfortable? Totally. But once you embrace muscle failure as the goal of the workout, it c
