1、考研英语 69及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)Comparisons were drawn between the development television in the 20th century and the diffusion printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened -|_|-As was discussed before, it was not -|_|- the 19th century that the ne
2、wspaper became the dominant pre- electronic -|_|- , following in the wake the pamphlet and the book and in the -|_|- the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution -|_|- up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading -|_|- through the telegraph, the telephone,
3、 radio, and motion pictures -|_|- the 20th-century world the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that in -|_|- It is important to do so. It is generally recognized, -|_|- , that the introduction the computer in the early 20th century, -|_|-by the invention the integrated circuit during the
4、 1960s, radically changed the , -|_|-its impact the media was not immediately -|_|-As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal“ too, as well as -|_|-, with display becoming sharper and storage -|_|-increasing. They were thought , like people, -|_|-generatio
5、ns, with the distance between generations much -|_|-. It was within the computer age that the term “information society“ began to be widely used to describe the -|_|-within which we now live. The communications revolution has -|_|-both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and
6、time, but there have been -|_|-views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. “Benefits“ have been weighed -|_|-“harmful“ outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult. Comparisons were drawn between the development television in the 20th century and the diffusion print
7、ing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened -|_|-As was discussed before, it was not -|_|- the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre- electronic -|_|- , following in the wake the pamphlet and the book and in the -|_|- the periodical. It was during the same time that t
8、he communications revolution -|_|- up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading -|_|- through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures -|_|- the 20th-century world the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that in -|_|- It is important to do so. It is generally reco
9、gnized, -|_|- , that the introduction the computer in the early 20th century, -|_|-by the invention the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the , -|_|-its impact the media was not immediately -|_|-As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “person
10、al“ too, as well as -|_|-, with display becoming sharper and storage -|_|-increasing. They were thought , like people, -|_|-generations, with the distance between generations much -|_|-. It was within the computer age that the term “information society“ began to be widely used to describe the -|_|-w
11、ithin which we now live. The communications revolution has -|_|-both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been -|_|-views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. “Benefits“ have been weighed -|_|-“harmful“ outcomes. And general
12、izations have proved difficult. （分数：1.00）A.betweenB.beforeC.sinceD.later二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)2.1)Write out the messages conveyed by the cartoon. 2) Give your comments. 1)Write out the messages conveyed by the cartoon. 2) Give your comments.* （分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)It is
13、 said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure. Such advances
14、 offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death-and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours. Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegra
15、te and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand eyed thing that can possibly be done for us, even if its useless. The most obvious
16、example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians-frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient-too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified. In 1950, the U.S. spent $12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be $
17、I, 540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age-say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm
18、 has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm“ have a duty to die and get out of the way“ so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential. I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom cha
19、irman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day OConnor is in her 7Os, and former surgeon general C.Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s. These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturall
20、y with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have. Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. As a physician, I know the most costly amd dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that sp
21、end far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve peoples lives. （分数：1.00）(1).What is implied in the first sentence?（分数：0.20）A.Americans
22、 are better prepared for death than other people.B.Americans enjoy a higher life quality that ever before.C.Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.D.Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.(2). The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that（分数：0.20）A.
23、medical resources are often wasted.B.doctors are helpless against fatal diseases.C.some treatments are too aggressive.D.medical costs are becoming unaffordable.(3).The authors attitude toward Richard Lamm s remark is one of（分数：0.20）A.strong disapproval.B.reserved consent.C.slight contempt.D.enthusia
24、stic support.(4).In contrast to the U.S. ,Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care（分数：0.20）A.more flexibly.B.more extravagantly.C.more cautiously.D.more reasonably.(5). The text intends to express the idea that（分数：0.20）A.medicine will further prolong peoples lives.B.life beyond a certain limi
25、t is not worth living.C.death should be accepted as a fact of life.D.excessive demands increase the cost of health careDo you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didnt know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the scie
26、nce uncertain ? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves. There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave af
27、ter another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earths atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should g
28、et moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panels report: “Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the worl
29、d base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.“ Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that its OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until
30、we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now. Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it s obvious that a majority of t
31、he presidents advisers still dont take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more researcha classic case of “paralysis by analysis.“ To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But resea
32、rch alone is inadequate. If the Administration wont take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. Many see
33、that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound. （分数：1.00）(1).An argument made by supporters of smoking was that（分数：0.20）A.there was no scientifi
34、c evidence of the correlation between smoking and death.B.the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant.C.people had the freedom to choose their own way of life.D.antismoking people were usually talking nonsense.(2).According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as（分数：0.
35、20）A.a protector.B.a judge.C.a critic.D.a guide(3).What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis“( Last line, Paragraph 4)?（分数：0.20）A.Endless studies kill action.B.Careful investigation reveals truth.C.Prudent planning hinders progress.D.Extensive research helps decision - making.(4).According
36、 to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?（分数：0.20）A.Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.B.Raise public awareness of conservation.C.Press for further scientific research.D.Take some legislative measures.(5).The author associates the issue of global warming with that
37、of smoking because（分数：0.20）A.they both suffered from the governments negligence.B.a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former.C.the outcome of the latter aggravates the former.D.both of them have turned from bad to worse.Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of cult
38、ure. Think of Gallileos 17th-century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blakes harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. The schism between science and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century. Until recently, the scienti
39、fic community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics but no longer. As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked “antiscience“ in several books, notably Higher Superstition, by Paul R. Gross, a biologist at the University of Virginia, and Norman Levitt, a mathema
40、tician at Rutgers University; and The Demon-Haunted World, by Carl Sagan of Cornell University. Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as“ The Flight from Science and Reason,“ held in New York City in 1995,and “Science in the Age of (Mis) information, “which assembled
41、last June near Buffalo. Antiscience clearly means different things to different people. Gross and Levitt find fault primarily with sociologists, philosophers and other academics who have questioned sciences objectivity. Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other
42、phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview. A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased f
43、unding for basic research. Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, whose manifesto published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pretechnological Utopia. But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are antiscience, as
44、 an essay in US News we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand eyed thing that can
45、 possibly be done for us, even if its useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians-frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient-too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified. In 1950, the U.S.
46、spent $12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be $ I, 540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a
47、 certain age-say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm“ have a duty to die and get out of the way“ so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential. I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandr
