1、考研英语 690及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases -|_|-the trial of Rosemary West. In a significant -|_|-of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancell
2、or, will introduce a -|_|-bill that will propose making payments to witnesses -|_|-and will strictly control the amount of -|_|-that can be given to a case -|_|-a trial begins. In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he -|_|-with a com
3、mittee report this year which said that self regulation did not -|_|-sufficient control. -|_|-of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a -|_|-of media protest when he said the -|_|-of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges -|_|-to Parliament. The Lord
4、Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which -|_|-the European Convention on Human Rights legally -|_|-in Britain, laid down that everybody was -|_|-to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families. “Press freedoms will be in safe hands -|
5、_|-our British judges,“he said. Witness payments became an -|_|-after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were -|_|-to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised -|_|-witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories i
6、n court to -|_|-guilty verdicts.The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases -|_|-the trial of Rosemary West. In a significant -|_|-of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a -|_|-bill that
7、 will propose making payments to witnesses -|_|-and will strictly control the amount of -|_|-that can be given to a case -|_|-a trial begins. In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he -|_|-with a committee report this year which said
8、that self regulation did not -|_|-sufficient control. -|_|-of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a -|_|-of media protest when he said the -|_|-of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges -|_|-to Parliament. The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the
9、 Human Rights Bill, which -|_|-the European Convention on Human Rights legally -|_|-in Britain, laid down that everybody was -|_|-to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families. “Press freedoms will be in safe hands -|_|-our British judges,“he said. Wit
10、ness payments became an -|_|-after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were -|_|-to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised -|_|-witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to -|_|-guilty verdicts.（分数
11、：1.00）A.as toB.for instanceC.in particularD.such as二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)2.In the essay you should 1)describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and 2)give your comment on the phenomenon. You should write about 200 words nearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) In the essay you should 1)d
12、escribe the picture and interpret its meaning, and 2)give your comment on the phenomenon. You should write about 200 words nearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) * （分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as“ steering the economy to a soft
13、landing“ or“ a touch on the brakes“, makes it sound Like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. Hence the analogy that likens the c
14、onduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear-view mirror and a faulty steering wheel. Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% las
15、t year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s. It is also less than most forecasters had predicted. In late 1994 the panel of economists which The
16、Economist polls each month said that Americas inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last
17、 year. This is no flash in the pan, over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America. Economists have been particularly surprised by favourable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both e
18、conomies, and especially Americas ,have little productive slack. Americas capacity utilisation, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemploymentthe rate below which inflation has tak
19、en off in the past. Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have up-ended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.
20、 （分数：1.00）(1). From the passage we learn that _ .（分数：0.25）A.there is a definite relationship between inflation and interest ratesB.economy will always follow certain modelsC.the economic situation is better than expectedD.economists had foreseen the present economic situation(2).According to the pas
21、sage, which of the following is TRUE?（分数：0.25）A.Making monetary policies is comparable to driving a car.B.An extremely low jobless rate will lead to inflation.C.A high unemployment rate will result from inflation.D.Interest rates have an immediate effect on the economy.(3). The sentence“ This is no
22、flash in the pan“ ( Line 5, Paragraph 3) means that _.（分数：0.25）A.the low inflation rate will last for some timeB.the inflation rate will soon riseC.the inflation will disappear quicklyD.there is no inflation at present(4). The passage shows that the author is _ the present situation.（分数：0.25）A.criti
23、cal ofB.puzzled byC.disappointed atD.amazed atAmong the many other things it is, a portrait is always a record of the personal and artistic encounter that produced it. It is possible for artists to produce portraits of individuals who have not sat for them, but the portrait that finally emerges norm
24、ally betrays the restrictions under which the artist has been forced to labor. Even when an artists portrait is simply a copy of someone elses work-as in the many portraits of Queen Elizabeth I that were produced during her lifetime-the never-changing features of a ruler who refused to sit for her c
25、ourt painters reflect not only the supposed powers of an ever-youthful queen but the remoteness of those attempting to depict her as well. Portraits are “occasional“ not only in the sense that they are closely tied to particular events in the lives of their subjects but in the sense that there is us
26、ually an occasion-however brief, uncomfortable, artificial, or unsatisfactory it may prove to be-in which the artist and subject directly confront each other;and thus the encounter a portrait records is most really the sitting itself. The sitting may be brief or extended, collegial or confrontationa
27、l. Cartier-Bresson has expressed his passion for portrait photography by characterizing it as “a duel without rules“. While Cartier-Bresson reveals himself as an interloper and opportunist, Richard Avedon confesses to a role as diagnostician and psychic healer: not as someone who necessarily transfo
28、rms his subjects, but as someone who reveals their essential nature. Both photographers appear to agree on one basis, however, which is that the fundamental dynamic in this process lies squarely in the hands of the artist. A quite-different example has its roots not in confrontation or consultation
29、but in active collaboration between the artist and sitter. This very different kind of relationship was formulated most vividly by William Hazlitt in his essay entitled “On Sitting for Ones Picture“. To Hazlitt, the “bond of connection“ between painter and sitter is most like the relationship betwee
30、n two lovers: “They are always thinking and talking of the same thing, in which their self love finds an equal counterpart.“ Hazlitt flashes out his thesis by recounting particular episodes from the career of Sir Joshua Reynolds. According to Hazlitt, Reynolds sitters, accompanied by their friends,
31、were meant to enjoy an atmosphere that was both comfortable for them and conductive to the enterprise of the portrait painter, who was simultaneously their host and their contractual employee. In the case of artists like Reynolds, no fundamental difference exists between the artists studio and all t
32、hose other rooms in which the sitters spin out the days of their lives. The act of entering Reynolds studio did not necessarily transform those who sat for him. Collaboration in portraiture such as Reynolds is based on the sitters comfort and security as well as on his or her desire to experiment wi
33、th something new, and it is in this “creation of another self“, as Hazlitt put it, that the painters subjects may properly see themselves for the first time. （分数：1.00）(1). In referring to Queen Elizabeth I as “ever-youthful“, the author implies that（分数：0.20）A.she instructed court painters to portray
34、 her younger than she actually was.B.all her portraits available for copying were painted when she was young.C.she intended her portrait to be painted young to reflect her ruling powers.D.artists purposely made her portraits appear younger than her actual age.(2).The author quotes Cartier-Bresson in
35、 order to（分数：0.20）A.refute Avedons conception about a portrait sitting.B.provide one perspective of the portraiture encounter.C.exemplify time restriction of the sitting for portraiture.D.support the thesis on the uncertainty of a collegial sitting(3).It would be most consistent with the text to inf
36、er that Reynolds（分数：0.20）A.may have provided a transforming experience for some sitters.B.must have worked primarily with experienced portrait subjects.C.might have frequently painted portraits at his subjects homes.D.could have been alone with his sitters while portraying them.(4).Which of the foll
37、owing best characterizes the portraiture experience as viewed by Avedon?（分数：0.20）A.A collaboration.B.A mutual accommodation.C.A consultation.D.A comfortable encounter.(5).A portrait artist operating under the Reynolds example would probably disagree that（分数：0.20）A.a portrait sitting often changes th
38、e way the sitter views himself/herself.B.portraiture helps both artist and subject to display their vanity.C.a portrait sitting may frequently heighten the sitters self-knowledge.D.portraiture depends more on the subjects initiative than on the artists.Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of
39、 a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill. This developmentand its strong implications for US politics and economy in years aheadhas enthroned the South as Americas most densely populate region for the first t
40、ime in the history of the nations head counting. Altogether, the US population rose in the 1970s by 23.2 million peoplenumerically the third-largest growth ever recorded in a single decade. Even so, that gain adds up to only 11.4 percent, lowest in American annual records except for the Depression y
41、ears. Americans have been migrating south and west in larger numbers since World War , and the pattern still prevails. Three sun-belt statesFlorida, Texas and Californiatogether had nearly 10 million more people in 1980 than a decade earlier. Among large cities, San Diego moved from 14th to 8th and
42、San Antonio from 15th to 10thwith Cleveland and Washington D. C. , dropping out of the top 10. Not all that shift can be attributed to the movement out of the snow belt, census officials say. Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, tooand so did bigger crops of babies as yesterdays “baby boom“ ge
43、neration reached its child-bearing years. Moreover, demographers see the continuing shift south and west as joined by a related but newer phenomenon: More and more, Americans apparently are looking not just for places with more jobs but with fewer people, too. Some instances: Regionally, the Rocky M
44、ountain states reproved the most rapid growth rate37.1 percent since 1970 in a vast area with only 5 percent of the US population. Among states, Nevada and Arizona grew fastest of all: 63.5 and 53.1 percent respectively. Except for Florida and Texas, the top 10 in rate of growth is composed of Weste
45、rn state with 7.5 million peopleabout 9 per square mile. The flight from overcrowdedness affects the migration from snow belt to more-bearable climates. Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West. There, California added 3.7 million
46、to its population in the 1970s, more than any other state. In that decade ,however, large numbers also migrated from California, mostly to other parts of the West. Often they choseand still are choosingsomewhat colder climates such as Oregon, Idaho and Alaska in order to escape smog, crime and other
47、 plagues of urbanization in the Golden State. As a result, Californias growth rate dropped during the 1970s, to 18.5 percentlittle more than two thirds the 1960s growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states. （分数：1.00）(1).Discerned from the perplexing picture of population growth the 1980 census provided, America in 1970s _.（分数：0.25）A.enjoyed the lowest net
