1、考研英语 664及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)Manpower Inc. ,with 560,000 workers, is the worlds largest temporary, employment agency. Every morning, its people -|_|- into the offices and factories of America, seeking a days work for a days pay, one day at a time. -|_|- industri
2、al giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive -|_|- reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming. -|_|- its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part-timers and temporary workers. This“ -|_|- “work force is the
3、 most important -|_|- in American business today, and it is -|_|- changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive -|_|- avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens -|_|- by employment rules, healthcare costs and p
4、ension plans. workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of -|_|- that came being a loyal employee. Manpower Inc. ,with 560,000 workers, is the worlds largest temporary, employment agency. Every morning, its people -|_|- into the offices and factories of America, seeking a days w
5、ork for a days pay, one day at a time. -|_|- industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive -|_|- reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming. -|_|- its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part-timers
6、and temporary workers. This“ -|_|- “work force is the most important -|_|- in American business today, and it is -|_|- changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive -|_|- avoiding market cycles and the growing burd
7、ens -|_|- by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans. workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of -|_|- that came being a loyal employee. （分数：1.00）A.swarmB.strideC.separateD.slip二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)2.Outline: 1) present situation 2) necessity of the pro
8、ject 3) my suggestionOutline: 1) present situation 2) necessity of the project 3) my suggestion（分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)To avoid the various foolish opinions to which mankind is liable, no superhuman genius is required. A few simple rules will keep you, not from all errors, but from
9、 silly errors. If the matter is one that can be settled by observation, make the observation yourself. Aristotle could have avoided the mistake of thinking that women have fewer teeth than men, by the simple device of asking Mrs. Aristotle to keep her mouth open while he counted. He did not do so be
10、cause he thought he knew. Thinking that you know when in fact you dont is a fatal mistake, to which we are all liable. Many matters, however, are less easily brought to the test of experience. If, like most of mankind, you have strong convictions on many such matters, there are ways in which you can
11、 make yourself aware of your own prejudice. If an opinion contrary to your own makes you angry, that is a sign that you subconsciously are aware of having no good reason for thinking as you do. If someone maintains that two and two are five, or that Iceland is on the equator, you feel pity rather th
12、an anger, unless you know so little of arithmetic or geography that his opinion shakes your own contrary conviction. The most savage controversies are those about matters as to which there is no good evidence either way. So whenever you find yourself getting angry about a difference of opinion, be o
13、n your guard; you will probably find, on examination, that your belief is going beyond what the evidence justifies. For those who have enough psychological imagination, it is a good plan to imagine an argument with a person having a different opinion. This has one advantage, and only one, ascompared
14、 with actual conversation with opponents; this one advantage is that the method is not subject to the same limitations of time and space. Mahatma Gandhi (圣雄甘地) considered it unfortunate to have railways and steamboats and machinery; he would have liked to undo the whole of the industrial revolution.
15、 You may never have an opportunity of actually meeting anyone who holds this opinion, because in Western countries most people take the advantage of modern technology for granted. But if you want to make sure that you are right in agreeing with the prevailing opinion, you will find it a good plan to
16、 test the arguments that occur to you by considering what Gandhi might have said in refutation of them. I have sometimes been led actually to change my mind as a result of this kind of imaginary dialogue. Furthermore, I have frequently found myself growing more agreeable through realizing the possib
17、le reasonableness of a hypothetical opponent. （分数：1.00）(1).The author intends to tell us that（分数：0.20）A.human beings, including those of genius, are liable to foolish errors.B.people can avoid silly mistakes unless they observe common rules.C.it needs average intelligence for us to keep away from si
18、lly opinions.D.foolish opinions usually occur to those who rarely commit big mistakes.(2).The example of Aristotle is used to indicate that（分数：0.20）A.observation hinders people from any mistakes.B.great men advance false arguments occasionally.C.primitive apparatuses hamper precise observation.D.rea
19、listic investigations are vital to sound judgments.(3).Most people are unlikely to be subject to silly errors（分数：0.20）A.when they do not violate the rules of observation and imagination.B.if they refute their opponents opinions in a fairly reasonable way.C.unless they are convinced of their unjustif
20、iable knowledge of things.D.until they reconcile with their opponents through imaginary dialogue(4).According to the text, it is true that（分数：0.20）A.there are various ways to rectify false beliefs in many matters.B.our irritation at opposite views proves our unconvincingness.C.fierce controversies r
21、eveal the incapacity to win either side.D.we should firmly defend our belief as it encounters any challenge.(5).The author tries to convince us of the fact that（分数：0.20）A.an imaginary argument with opponents may avoid foolish errors.B.Mahatma Gandhi foresaw the harm caused by modern technology.C.an
22、opponents views can be verified by considering Gandhis arguments.D.we have to agree with actual opponents who offer reasonable opinions.While disease is present prior to social organization, communal life creates special hazards. While the organization of society can reduce the dangers of disease, t
23、rade and urbanization, with their consequent problems of sanitation and pollution, can also aggravate such dangers. Even in the mid-twentieth century, during the brief calm between the polio and AIDS epidemics, epidemic health risks associated with carcinogens (cancer-producing substances ) from pol
24、luted air threatened the industrialized world. To the economist, efforts to combat these risks are at least partially public goods. The benefits from public goods are indivisible among beneficiaries. A sole private purchaser of health care would give others in society a “free ride“ with respect to t
25、he benefits obtained. To market theorists, such goods are lawful objects of governmental intervention in the market. While the theory of public goods helps explain aspects of public health law and assists in fitting it into modern economic theory, it omits a critical point. Ill health is not a mere
26、byproduct of economic activity, but an inevitable occurrence of human existence. As a result, wherever there is human society, there will be public health. Every society has to face the risks of disease. And because it must, every society searches to make disease comprehensible within the context of
27、 the societys own particular culture, religion, or science. In this sense, health care is public not only because its benefits are indivisible and threats to it arise from factors outside of the individual but also because communal life gives individuals the cultural context in which to understand i
28、t. Governments typically have assumed an active role with respect to health care, acting as if their role were obligatory. How governments have fulfilled that duty has varied throughout time and across societies, according not only to the wealth and scientific sophistication of the culture but also
29、to its fundamental values-because health is defined in part by a communitys belief system, public health measures will necessarily reflect cultural norms and values. Those who criticize the United States government today for not providing health care to all citizens equate the provision of health ca
30、re with insurance coverage for the costs of medical expenses. By this standard, seventeenth and eighteenth-century America lacked any significant conception of public health law. However, despite the general paucity (scarcity) of bureaucratic organization in pre-industrial America, the vast extent o
31、f health regulation and provision stands out as remarkable. Of course, the public role in the protection and regulation of eighteenth-century health was carried out in ways quite different from those today. Organizations responsible for health regulation were less stable than modern bureaucracies ,t
32、ending to appear in crises and fade away in periods of calm. The focus was on epidemics which were seen as unnatural and warranting a response ,not to the many prevalent and chronic conditions which were accepted as part and parcel of daily life. Additionally ,and not surprisingly ,religious influen
33、ce was significant ,especially in the seventeenth century. Finally, in an era which lacked sharp divisions between private and governmental bodies, many public responsibilities were carried out by what we would now consider private associations. Nevertheless, the extent of public health regulation l
34、ong before the dawn of the welfare state is remarkable and suggests that the founding generations assumptions about the relationship between government and health were more complex than commonly assumed. （分数：1.00）(1).The authors primary purpose is to（分数：0.20）A.comment on the government role in healt
35、h-care provision.B.argue about the social organizations tasks concerning health care.C.trace the historical development of the national health-care system.D.discuss the societal duty to make provision against epidemic diseases.(2).The author mentions all of the following as causes of epidemic diseas
36、es EXCEPT（分数：0.20）A.expanding international trade.B.rapid general urbanization.C.inadequate sanitation facilities.D.poor preventive measures.(3).Which of the following best expresses the main point of the last paragraph?（分数：0.20）A.The government precautions against diseases have failed many critics.
37、B.The government should spare no efforts on preventing epidemic diseases.C.History witnessed government contribution to the provision of health care.D.Health problems prior to the welfare state arose largely for lack of funds(4).Health care is inherently a public concern for all of the following rea
38、sons EXCLUDING（分数：0.20）A.the indivisibility of its benefits among its receivers.B.the impact of societal factors on the individuals health.C.the government obligation to provide health care for its people.D.the comprehension of disease within a particular cultural context.(5).Which of the following
39、finds the LEAST support in the text?（分数：0.20）A.Government involvement in health care is characterized by action.B.Philosophical considerations weigh less in making health policies.C.Health organizations took common diseases as an essential part of daily life.D.Modern public health agencies provide c
40、omprehensive protection against most diseases.An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform. Very few writers on the subject have e
41、xplored this distinction-indeed, contradiction-which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom. An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education. Justified for reasons radically different from why education is uni
42、versally required by law. It is not simply to raise everyones job prospects that all children are legally required to attend school into their teens. Rather,we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happ
43、iness are affected by things outside of himself. But this was not always the case, before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age, it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education. With optimism characteristic of
44、 all industrialized countries, we came to accept that everyone is fit to be educated. Computer-education advocates forsake this optimistic notion for a pessimism that betrays their otherwise cheery outlook. Banking on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons for bringing computers in
45、to schools, computer-education advocates often emphasize the job prospects of graduates over their educational achievement. There are some good arguments for a technical education given the fight kind of student. Many European schools introduce the concept of professional training early on in order
46、to make sure children are properly equipped for the professions they want to join. It is, however, presumptuous to insist that there will only be so many jobs for so many scientists, so many businessmen, so many accountants. Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of pro
47、fessional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations. But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well- developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the differ
48、ence between having a job and not. Of course,the basics of using any computer these days are very simple. It does not take a lifelong acquaintance to pick up various software programs. If one wanted to become a computer engineer, that is, of course, and entirely different story. Basic computer skills take-at the very longest-a couple of months to learn. In any case, basic computer skills are only complementary to the host of real skillsth
