1、考研英语 638及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)There is nothing illogical or synthetic about the humility ( modesty ) of great bookmen in calling attention to the limitations of the book. No book can 1 us to know everything that is to be known, or feel everything that is to be fe
2、lt. A book is part of life, not a substitute 2 it. It is not a fit 3 for worship or enshrinement. It loses its charm and much of its value when accepted 4 No one would have been more 5 than Aristotle if he could have known of the excessive and 6 veneration that would be given to his ideas in centuri
3、es to 7 . When his works became the 8 words of advance knowledge, 9 knowledge became neither advanced nor vital. The particular occasion for these remarks is that there are 10 here and there that some of us in the book world may be 11 ourselves too seriously. In the effort to increase book reading s
4、ome 12 things are being said about books. It is made to 13 that nothing is happening now that has not happened before, and that the only true approach to understanding is 14 books. We do neither service nor justice to books by 15 upon them such omnipotence and omniscience. Many of the answers we nee
5、d today are not necessarily to be found between 16 There are elements of newness in the present 17 of man that will not readily be 18 of by required reading or ready reference. Books are not slide rules or blueprints for 19 automatic answers. What is needed is a mighty blend of the wisdom of the age
6、s 20 fresh, razor-edged analytical thought. （分数：1.00）(1).There is nothing illogical or synthetic about the humility ( modesty ) of great bookmen in calling attention to the limitations of the book. No book can 1 us to know everything that is to be known, or feel everything that is to be felt. A book
7、 is part of life, not a substitute 2 it. It is not a fit 3 for worship or enshrinement. It loses its charm and much of its value when accepted 4 No one would have been more 5 than Aristotle if he could have known of the excessive and 6 veneration that would be given to his ideas in centuries to 7 .
8、When his works became the 8 words of advance knowledge, 9 knowledge became neither advanced nor vital. The particular occasion for these remarks is that there are 10 here and there that some of us in the book world may be 11 ourselves too seriously. In the effort to increase book reading some 12 thi
9、ngs are being said about books. It is made to 13 that nothing is happening now that has not happened before, and that the only true approach to understanding is 14 books. We do neither service nor justice to books by 15 upon them such omnipotence and omniscience. Many of the answers we need today ar
10、e not necessarily to be found between 16 There are elements of newness in the present 17 of man that will not readily be 18 of by required reading or ready reference. Books are not slide rules or blueprints for 19 automatic answers. What is needed is a mighty blend of the wisdom of the ages 20 fresh
11、, razor-edged analytical thought. （分数：0.05）A.informB.promiseC.enableD.assureA.ofB.forC.toD.withA.disturbedB.disguisedC.intervenedD.interruptedA.dreadfulB.respectfulC.harmfulD.faithfulA.goB.comeC.passD.emergA.bigB.endC.lateD.lastA.suchB.muchC.mostD.thisA.symbolsB.signsC.marksD.trailsA.confiningB.dema
12、ndingC.takingD.pushingA.extraordinaryB.exceptionalC.excessiveD.extravagantA.showB.appearC.proveD.indicateA.throughB.withC.amongD.fromA.subjectB.issueC.matterD.mageA.focusB.conferringC.imposingD.installingA.pagesB.coversC.linesD.wordsA.positionB.situationC.statusD.dilemmaA.disposedB.discernedC.discha
13、rgedD.dispersedA.polishingB.regulatingC.furnishingD.forwardingA.fromB.withC.overD.forA.unreasonablyB.unprofitablyC.unwillinglyD.uncritically二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)1 Study the following chart carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) analyze the chart, 2) interpret its meaning, and
14、 3) suggest possible measures to take. You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) . Study the following chart carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) analyze the chart, 2) interpret its meaning, and 3) suggest possible measures to take. You should write ab
15、out 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) （分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that
16、you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if y
17、ou are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses. Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees
18、 wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table
19、by himself. “Who is that?“ the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, thats God,“came the reply,“but sometimes he thinks hes a doctor.“ If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it 11 be appropr
20、iate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman s notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer gr
21、ound if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system. If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it s the deliver
22、y which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark. Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you dont succeed, give up“ or
23、a play on words or on a situation.Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor. （分数：1.00）(1).To make your humor work, you should（分数：0.20）A.take advantage of different kinds of audience.B.make fun o
24、f the disorganized people.C.address different problems to different people.D.show sympathy for your listeners.(2).The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are（分数：0.20）A.impolite to new arrivals.B.very conscious of their godlike role.C.entitled to some privileges.D.very busy e
25、ven during lunch hours.(3).It can be inferred from the text that public services（分数：0.20）A.have benefited many people.B.are the focus of public attention.C.are an inappropriate subject for humor.D.have often been the laughing stock.(4).To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delive
26、red（分数：0.20）A.in well-worded language.B.as awkwardly as possible.C.in exaggerated statements.D.as casually as possible.(5).The best title for the text may be（分数：0.20）A.Use Humor Effectively.B.Various Kinds of Humor.C.Add Humor to Speech.D.Different Humor Strategies.There will be a steady trend towar
27、d vegetarianism. A given quantity of ground can provide plant food for man or it can provide plant food for animals which are later killed for meat. In converting the tissues of food into the tissues of the feeder, up to 90 per cent is used for reasons other than tissue maintenance and growth. This
28、means that one hundred pounds of plant food will support ten pounds of human tissuewhile one hundred pounds of plant food will support ten pounds of animal tissue, which will then support one pound of human tissue. In other words, land devoted to plant food will support ten times as many human being
29、s as land devoted to animal food. It is this (far more than food preferences or religious directions ) that forces overcrowded populations into vegetarianism. And it will be the direction in which the United States of 2001 will be movingnot by presidential order, but through the force of a steady ri
30、se in meat prices as compared with other kinds of food. This, in turn, will come about because our herds will decrease as the food demand causes more and more meadow to be turned to farmland, and as land producing corn and other animal food is converted to providing food directly for man. Another po
31、int is that it is not only energy that is in short supply. A shortage of oil means a shortage of plastics; a shortage of electricity means a shortage of aluminium. We are also experiencing a shortage of paper and most other raw materials. This means that, for one thing, our generosity in wrapping, b
32、agging and packaging will have to recede. There will have to be at least a partial return in supermarkets to the old days where goods were supplied in bulk and given out in bags to order. It may even become necessary to return bags, as we once returned bottles, or pay for new ones. A decline in per-
33、capita energy use will make it necessary to resort to human muscle again, so that the delivery man will make a comeback (his price added to that of the food, of course).Since energy shortages will cause unemployment in many sectors of the economy, there will be idle hands to do the manual work that
34、will become necessary. From an energy-saving standpoint, it would make far more sense to order by phone and have a single truck deliver food to many homes, than for a member of each home to drive an automobile, round-trip, to pick up a one-family food supply. To be sure, it will not all be retrogres
35、sion. Even assuming that Earth is in a desperate battle of survival through a crisis of still rising population and dwindling energy reserves, there should still continue to be technological advances in those directions that dont depend on wasteful bulk use of energy. There will be continuing advanc
36、es in the direction of “sophistication“, in other words. （分数：1.00）(1). We know from the text that（分数：0.20）A.vegetarianism is the natural result of peoples food selection.B.present farmland produces more vegetables than animal food.C.vegetarianism is to be caused by the laws of market economy.D.peopl
37、es food preferences conflict with supply and demand.(2).According to the author, deficiency of food inevitably leads to（分数：0.20）A.rapid increase in farmland yields.B.growing diminution of grassland.C.gradual termination of meat supply.D.violent struggle for animal food.(3) The author sees the positi
38、ve effect of energy crisis in its（分数：0.20）A.impulse to wholesale dealings.B.solution of employment problems.C.restriction on fossil fuel extraction.D.impetus to technological progress.(4). The shortage of energy will result in（分数：0.20）A.a steady decrease in the feeding of herds.B.a continual drop in
39、 recycling used packages.C.a forced return to an early stage of certain jobs.D.a great reduction in the kinds of motor vehicles.(5). The phrase “will have to recede“ in Par. 6 most probably means（分数：0.20）A.must be restrained considerably.B.must retreat from the present position.C.will have to be eli
40、minated totally.D.should slip away from the stated point.When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be rega
41、rded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be-even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right-it can hardly be classed as Literature. This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past condition
42、s of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed up our li
43、terature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them ;we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on
44、the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will. Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the rive
45、r-and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.“ This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same, no thinking man can
46、refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed? （分数：1.00）(1).This passage is mainly_.（分数：0.25）A.a survey of new approaches to artB.a review of Futurist poetryC.about
47、merits of the Futurist movementD.about laws and requirements of literature(2).When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to_.（分数：0.25）A.determine its purposesB.ignore its flawsC.follow the new fashionsD.accept the principles(3).Futurists claim that we must_.（分数：0.25）A.increase the product
48、ion of literatureB.use poetry to relieve modern stressC.develop new modes of expressionD.avoid using adjectives and verbs(4).The author believes that Futurist poetry is_.（分数：0.25）A.based on reasonable principlesB.new and acceptable to ordinary peopleC.indicative of a basic change in human natureD.mo
49、re of a transient phenomenon than literatureWith the start of BBC World Service Television, millions of viewers in Asia and America can now watch the Corporations news coverage ,as well as listen to it. And of course in Britain listeners and viewers can tune in to two BBC television channels, five BBC national radio services and dozens of local radio stations. They are brought sport ,comedy ,drama, music, news and
