1、考研英语 632及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They -|_|- th in the long run industrializion grely raised the standard of living for the -|_|- man. But they insisted th its -|_|- results during the
2、 period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the -|_|- of the English populion. -|_|- contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a -|_|- agricultural country, a period of gre abundance and prosperity. This view, -|_|- , is generall
3、y thought to be wrong. Specialists -|_|- history and economics, have -|_|- two things: th the period from 1650 to 1750 was -|_|- by gre poverty, and th industrializion certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace. Until recently most histori
4、ans spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They -|_|- th in the long run industrializion grely raised the standard of living for the -|_|- man. But they insisted th its -|_|- results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the -|_|- of the English popu
5、lion. -|_|- contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a -|_|- agricultural country, a period of gre abundance and prosperity. This view, -|_|- , is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists -|_|- history and economics, have -|_|- two things: th the
6、period from 1650 to 1750 was -|_|- by gre poverty, and th industrializion certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace. （分数：1.00）A.admittedB.believedC.claimedD.predicted二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)2.Directions: Study the following pictur
7、e carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the picture, 2) analyze the causes of the problem, and 3) propose possible solutions. You should write about 160200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) Directions: Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which
8、 you should 1) describe the picture, 2) analyze the causes of the problem, and 3) propose possible solutions. You should write about 160200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)* （分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)Americans today don t place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes ar
9、e athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical educationnot to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti- intellectualism in our schools arent difficult to find. “Schools have always been in a
10、 society where practical is more important than intellectual,“ says education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be a counterbalance.“ Ravitch s latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a c
11、ounterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits. But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they
12、cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.“ “Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,“ writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectuali
13、sm in American Life, a Pulitzer-Prize winning book on the roots of anti- intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense
14、, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book. Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and college recita
15、tion rooms for I0 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.“ Mark Twain s Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized going to school and learning to readso he can preserve his innate goodness. Intellect, accord
16、ing to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes, and im
17、agines. School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country s educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.“ （分数：1.00
18、）(1). What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?（分数：0.20）A.The habit of thinking independently.B.Profound knowledge of the world.C.Practical abilities for future careerD.The confidence in intellectual pursuits.(2) We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of（
19、分数：0.20）A.undervaluing intellect.B.favoring intellectualism.C.supporting school reform.D.suppressing native intelligence.(3).The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are（分数：0.20）A.identical.B.similar.C.complementary.D.opposite.(4). Emerson, according to the text, is probably（分数：0.20）A.a pioneer
20、 of education reform.B.an opponent of intellectualism.C.a scholar in favor of intellect.D.an advoeate of regular schooling.(5).What does the author think of intellect?（分数：0.20）A.It is second to intelligence.B.It evolves from common sense.C.It is to be pursued.D.It underlies power.In a world where ba
21、d news has become everyday news, people are turning to an ancient technique to deal with stress: meditation. At meditation centers, prayer groups and yoga studios around the United States, more and more are finding peace of mind by being quiet: Some use meditation to help deal with life changes; oth
22、ers, to process the painful reality of political and social unrest around the world of the type that has been experienced more recently. Stress from the September 11 terrorist attacks is “probably about 70 percent“ of the reason one Chicago man started meditating and practicing yoga with his new wif
23、e. He became so emotionally affected that he realized he needed help in managing his stress. The yoga classes he takes begin and end with meditation. This “quiet time“ helps him feel a lot more relaxed and gives him more breath control. The fact is,though ,that he is not alone. Across the country, m
24、any are turning to more meditative exercise as they seek both psychological and physiological relief. In addition to helping people work out their stress, these classes bring people together, in the same way that religious services or other community activities have done in the past. Different schoo
25、ls of meditation teach particular techniques, but they share a common basisfocusing attention on something your mind can return to if you are distracted. This may be the rhythm of breathing, an object such as a candle flame loving kindness, or a repetitive movement, as in walking or tai chi (taiji).
26、 Regardless of the specific technique or mode that is followed, meditation has well-documented benefits. Medical research indicates that it causes a sharp decrease in metabolic activity, reduced muscle tension, slower breathing, and a shift from faster brainwaves to slower waves. It also reduces hig
27、h blood pressure. Practitioners are convinced that meditation is good for health because it relaxes the body. For ages, meditation has been a core practice of many groups meeting in their communal or religious centers. However, lets not forget that this is the twenty-first century. So, for those peo
28、ple who are too shy or busy to go to the nearest meditation center, there are Internet sites that offer online guided meditation. One has a variety of meditations from various religious traditions. At another, Jesuit priests post meditations and readings from the Scriptures every day, and at still a
29、nother, Buddhist and Hindu practitioners include music and visuals to accompany their offerings. These websites allow anyone with a computer access to meditation at any time. The fact is that whether online, at Yoga classes, or at local spiritual centers, more people are turning to the practice of m
30、editation. （分数：1.00）(1).The growing popularity of meditation results from peoples need for（分数：0.20）A.coping with increasing worries.B.seeking refuge from social unrestC.escaping painful experiences.D.maintaining emotional health(2).The example of one Chicago man shows（分数：0.20）A.the serious impact of
31、 terrorism on U.S. people.B.the psychological benefits of yoga exercises.C.the immediate effect of yoga and meditation.D.the physical advantage of meditative practice.(3).Meditation today is characterized by（分数：0.20）A.multitude of prayer gatherings.B.availability of online resources.C.a wide variety
32、 of its procedures.D.forceful evidence of its benefits.(4).The underlying approach of meditative techniques requires（分数：0.20）A.modes identical to religious services.B.restless repetition of a certain prayer.C.continuous movements of tai chi.D.a great deal of mental concentration.(5). The author accl
33、aims the benefits of meditation as（分数：0.20）A.justified by official regulations.B.recorded in documentary sources.C.proved fully by written evidence.D.testified by therapeutic outcomes.Half the worlds population will be speaking or learning English by 2015, researchers say. Two billion people are exp
34、ected to start learning English within a decade and three billion will speak it,says a British Council estimate. Other languages, such as French, risk becoming the casualties of this “linguistic globalization“. But the boom will be over by 2050 and the English-language teaching industry will have be
35、come a victim of its own success, says David Graddol, author of the report, The Future of English. Mr. Graddols research was based on a computer model developed to estimate demand for English-language teaching around the world. The lecturer, who has worked in education and language studies at the Op
36、en University for the past 25 years, said the model charted likely student numbers through to 2050. It was compiled by looking at various estimates from the United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization (Unesco) on education provision, demographic projections, government education p
37、olicies and international student mobility figures. The impact of educational innovations and other developments affecting the world population including the Chinese governments policy of one baby per family were also factored in. Based on its findings, Mr. Graddol has predicted that the world is ab
38、out to be hit by a tidal wave of English. “Many governments, especially in countries which have relatively recently gained independence, are introducing the teaching of English under a utilitarian banner.“ “But English predominates in the business world, and for such countries to be able to compete
39、for work, including lucrative (profitable) outsourcing contracts, English is being pushed heavily from kindergarten on.“ The potential bonanza (source of wealth) on offer from outsourcing means even maths and science are being taught in English at secondary schools in Malaysia. But demand for Englis
40、h teaching would drop as children progress through academia, and more universities across the world choose to teach in the language. Mr. Graddol also estimated that the boom would be over by 2050. “English-language students will be down from two billion to 500 million then,“ he said,“ Increasingly,
41、as English spread across the globe,more people will become bilingual, even multi-lingual and such skills are highly prized in business. But Britain has not got the best reputation for learning other languages.“ The report also showed that English was not the only language spreading, and the world, f
42、ar from being dominated by English, was to become more multi-lingual. Mr. Graddol said,“ Chinese, Arabic and Spanish are all popular, and likely to be languages of the future.“ （分数：1.00）(1). It is estimated that in a decade English will be（分数：0.20）A.actively studied by over 200 million people.B.free
43、ly spoken by global English learners.C.popular with over 80% of world inhabitants.D.really mastered by 50% of people worldwide.(2). According to the text,“linguistic globalization“ will（分数：0.20）A.eliminate French from the globe.B.defeat other European languages.C.fail all languages except English.D.
44、make English the biggest winner.(3).The writer of the report deems that outsourcing is to（分数：0.20）A.result in the increase of English subjects.B.result in the increase of English subjects.C.account for the further spread of English.D.bring about transition in college curricula.(4). David Graddol pre
45、dicts that the thriving period of English will（分数：0.20）A.terminate within half a century.B.climax in the middle of the century.C.endure for no less than five decades.D.quit till the beginning of the 2050s.(5).The report “The Future of English“ factored in all of the following EXCEPT（分数：0.20）A.the ed
46、ucational condition and policy.B.the directions and designs of Unesco.C.the statistics about populationD.the movements of overseas students.Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments. Sir Isaac Newt
47、on supposedly discovered gravity through the fall of an apple. Apples had been falling in many places for centuries and thousands of people had seen them fall. But Newton for years had been curious about the cause of the orbital motion of the moon and planets. What kept them in place? Why didnt they
48、 fall out of the sky? The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets. How many men would have considered the possibility of an apple falling up into the tree? Newton did because he was not trying to predict anything. He was just wondering. His mind was ready for the unpredictable. Unpredictability is
