1、考研英语 613及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies -|_|- low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them -|_|- and active. When the work is well done, a -|_|- of accident-fr
2、ee operations is established -|_|- time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum. Successful safety programs may -|_|- greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by -|_|- roles or s. -|_|- others d
3、epend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained. There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety -|_|- . The fewer the injury -|_|- , the be
4、tter the workmans insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at -|_|- or at a loss. Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies -|_|- low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them -|_|- and active. When the work
5、 is well done, a -|_|- of accident-free operations is established -|_|- time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum. Successful safety programs may -|_|- greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practice
6、s by -|_|- roles or s. -|_|- others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained. There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety -|_|-
7、. The fewer the injury -|_|- , the better the workmans insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at -|_|- or at a loss. （分数：1.00）A.atB.inC.onD.with二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)2 Study the following chart carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) analyze the chart, 2
8、) interpret its meaning, and 3) suggest possible measures to take. You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) . Study the following chart carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) analyze the chart, 2) interpret its meaning, and 3) suggest possible measures
9、to take. You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) （分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn t biting her nails just yet. But the 47- year-old manicurist isn t cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as she d l
10、ike to, either. Most of her clients spend 12 to 50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “I m a good economic indicator,“ she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when they re concerned about saving some dollar
11、s.“ So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard s department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too,“ she says. Even before Alan Greenspan s admission that America s red-hot economy is cooling, lots o
12、f working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is
13、coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year s pace. But don t sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy s long-term prospects even as they do some modest belt
14、- tightening. Consumers say they re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “there s a new gold rush happening in the 4 million to 10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Stre
15、et bonuses,“ says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,“ says John Tealdi, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their abili
16、ty to find and keep a job. Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn t mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a n
17、ecessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan s hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan use “Li Ming“ instead. You do not need to write the address. ( 10 points)Two months ago you got a job as a
18、n editor for the magazine Designs use “Li Ming“ instead. You do not need to write the address. ( 10 points)（分数：20.00）_五、Part C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)71While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt
19、 to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. In this search the evidence found is always incomplete and scattered, it is also frequently partial or parti
20、san. The irony of the historians craft is that its ractitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process. 72Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal qua
21、rrels among historians themselves. While history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy, the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past. Social science methodologies had t
22、o be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world. 73During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.
23、 Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in the historical profession. 74There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. Historians, especi
24、ally those so blinded by their research interests that they have been accused of “tunnel method,“ frequently fall victim to the “technicist fallacy.“ Also common in the natural sciences, the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implem
25、entation. 75It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques. （分数：10.00）(1). 71While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are h
26、istorians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. In this search the e
27、vidence found is always incomplete and scattered, it is also frequently partial or partisan. The irony of the historians craft is that its ractitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process. 72Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external chall
28、enge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. While history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy, the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing
29、rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past. Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world. 73During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additiona
30、l methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study. Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in the historical profession. 74There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research
31、techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. Historians, especially those so blinded by their research interests that they have been accused of “tunnel method,“ frequently fall victim to the “technicist fallacy.“ Also common in the natural sciences, the technicist fallacy mi
32、stakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation. 75It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific technique
33、s. （分数：2.00）_考研英语 613答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies -|_|- low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them -|_|- and active. When the work is well done, a -|_|- of
34、 accident-free operations is established -|_|- time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum. Successful safety programs may -|_|- greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by -|_|- roles or s. -|
35、_|- others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained. There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety -|_|- . The fewer the injury -|
36、_|- , the better the workmans insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at -|_|- or at a loss. Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies -|_|- low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them -|_|- and active. W
37、hen the work is well done, a -|_|- of accident-free operations is established -|_|- time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum. Successful safety programs may -|_|- greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe w
38、ork practices by -|_|- roles or s. -|_|- others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained. There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, s
39、afety -|_|- . The fewer the injury -|_|- , the better the workmans insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at -|_|- or at a loss. （分数：1.00）A.atB.inC.onD.with解析：where 修饰 climate，表示“在这样的气氛中”。二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)2 Study the following chart carefully and write an essay
40、 in which you should 1) analyze the chart, 2) interpret its meaning, and 3) suggest possible measures to take. You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) . Study the following chart carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) analyze the chart, 2) interpret it
41、s meaning, and 3) suggest possible measures to take. You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) （分数：1.00）_正确答案：(The chart shows that the U. S. workforce, about 145 million in number, matched job demands well in 2000. However, the gap between workforce and jobs, especi
42、ally skilled jobs, appeared soon after 2001. The shortage of skilled workers is estimated to grow to about 5.5 million by 2010, and 14 million ten years later. The overall workforce gap will be about 8 million in 2010, and 25 million in 2020. The cartoonist warns that the supply of labor is about to
43、 fall seriously short of demand, which means that the economical development will be hampered by the scarcity of labor, especially skilled workers, over the next 20 years. The labor squeeze may result from the fact that the existing workforce is going to get out soon, and the feeder pool just isnt c
44、oming up. Possible precautions against the threat of labor shortage may include: providing effective job training for most employees, bidding up wages for skilled workers, tempting older workers to stay on the jobs they are skilled in, and lobbying the govemment to raise the share of skilled immigra
45、nts. Anyhow, what Americans are to do least is ignore the severity of the problem. )解析：三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn t biting her nails just yet. But the 47- year-old manicurist isn t cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as she d like to, either. Most of her clients spend 12 to 50 weekly, but last month
