1、考研英语 610及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)There is nothing illogical or synthetic about the humility ( modesty ) of great bookmen in calling attention to the limitations of the book. No book can 1 us to know everything that is to be known, or feel everything that is to be fe
2、lt. A book is part of life, not a substitute 2 it. It is not a fit 3 for worship or enshrinement. It loses its charm and much of its value when accepted 4 No one would have been more 5 than Aristotle if he could have known of the excessive and 6 veneration that would be given to his ideas in centuri
3、es to 7 . When his works became the 8 words of advance knowledge, 9 knowledge became neither advanced nor vital. The particular occasion for these remarks is that there are 10 here and there that some of us in the book world may be 11 ourselves too seriously. In the effort to increase book reading s
4、ome 12 things are being said about books. It is made to 13 that nothing is happening now that has not happened before, and that the only true approach to understanding is 14 books. We do neither service nor justice to books by 15 upon them such omnipotence and omniscience. Many of the answers we nee
5、d today are not necessarily to be found between 16 There are elements of newness in the present 17 of man that will not readily be 18 of by required reading or ready reference. Books are not slide rules or blueprints for 19 automatic answers. What is needed is a mighty blend of the wisdom of the age
6、s 20 fresh, razor-edged analytical thought. （分数：1.00）(1).There is nothing illogical or synthetic about the humility ( modesty ) of great bookmen in calling attention to the limitations of the book. No book can 1 us to know everything that is to be known, or feel everything that is to be felt. A book
7、 is part of life, not a substitute 2 it. It is not a fit 3 for worship or enshrinement. It loses its charm and much of its value when accepted 4 No one would have been more 5 than Aristotle if he could have known of the excessive and 6 veneration that would be given to his ideas in centuries to 7 .
8、When his works became the 8 words of advance knowledge, 9 knowledge became neither advanced nor vital. The particular occasion for these remarks is that there are 10 here and there that some of us in the book world may be 11 ourselves too seriously. In the effort to increase book reading some 12 thi
9、ngs are being said about books. It is made to 13 that nothing is happening now that has not happened before, and that the only true approach to understanding is 14 books. We do neither service nor justice to books by 15 upon them such omnipotence and omniscience. Many of the answers we need today ar
10、e not necessarily to be found between 16 There are elements of newness in the present 17 of man that will not readily be 18 of by required reading or ready reference. Books are not slide rules or blueprints for 19 automatic answers. What is needed is a mighty blend of the wisdom of the ages 20 fresh
11、, razor-edged analytical thought. （分数：0.05）A.informB.promiseC.enableD.assureA.ofB.forC.toD.withA.disturbedB.disguisedC.intervenedD.interruptedA.dreadfulB.respectfulC.harmfulD.faithfulA.goB.comeC.passD.emergA.bigB.endC.lateD.lastA.suchB.muchC.mostD.thisA.symbolsB.signsC.marksD.trailsA.confiningB.dema
12、ndingC.takingD.pushingA.extraordinaryB.exceptionalC.excessiveD.extravagantA.showB.appearC.proveD.indicateA.throughB.withC.amongD.fromA.subjectB.issueC.matterD.mageA.focusB.conferringC.imposingD.installingA.pagesB.coversC.linesD.wordsA.positionB.situationC.statusD.dilemmaA.disposedB.discernedC.discha
13、rgedD.dispersedA.polishingB.regulatingC.furnishingD.forwardingA.fromB.withC.overD.forA.unreasonablyB.unprofitablyC.unwillinglyD.uncritically二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)1.Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the picture, 2) interpret its implica
14、tions in life, and 3) support your view with examples. You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the picture, 2) interpret its implications in life, and 3) support your view with
15、 examples. You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) *（分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)We have to realise how old, how very old, we are. Nations are classified as “aged“ when they have 7 per cent or more of their people aged 65 or above, and by about 1970 ev
16、ery one of the advanced countries had become like this. Of the really ancient societies, with over 13 per cent above 65, all are in Northwestern Europe. We know that we are getting even older, and that the nearer a society approximates to zero population growth, the older its population is likely to
17、 be- at least, for any future that concerns us now. To these now familiar facts a number of further facts may be added, some of them only recently recognised. There is the apparent paradox that the effective cause of the high proportion of the old is births rather than deaths. There is the economic
18、principle that the dependency ratio- the degree to which those who cannot earn depend for a living on those who can-is more advantageous in older societies like ours than in the younger societies of the developing world, because lots of dependent babies are more of a liability than numbers of the in
19、active aged. There is the appreciation of the historical truth that the aging of advanced societies has been a sudden change. If “revolution“ is a rapid resettlement of the social structure, and if the age composition of the society counts as a very important aspect of that social structure, then th
20、ere has been a social revolution in European and particularly Western European society within the lifetime of everyone over 50. Taken together, these things have implications which are only beginning to be acknowledged. These facts and circumstances had a leading position at a world gathering about
21、aging as a challenge to science and to policy, held at Vichy in France. There is often resistance to the idea that it is because the birth rate fell earlier in Western and Northwestern Europe than elsewhere, rather than because of any change in the death rate, that we have grown so old. Long life is
22、 altering our society, of course, but in experiential terms. We have among us a very much greater experience of continued living than any society that has ever preceded us anywhere, and this will continue. But too much of that lengthened experience, even in the wealthy West, will be experience of po
23、verty and neglect, unless we do something about it. If you are in your thirties, you ought to be aware that you can expect to live nearly one third of the rest of your life after the age of 60. The older you are now, of course, the greater this proportion will be, and greater still if you are a woma
24、n. （分数：1.00）(1).According to the text, really aged societies may include（分数：0.20）A.all developed nations without exception.B.every one of Western European countries.C.Germany, France, and the United Kingdom.D.Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States.(2).The author argues that the main cause of age
25、d societies is（分数：0.20）A.not so much the decrease in deathrate as the fall in birthrate.B.no more the increase in birthrate than that in deathrate.C.not the drop in deathrate any more than the rise in birthrate.D.as much the growth in birthrate as the decline in deathrate.(3).The author asserts his
26、belief that（分数：0.20）A.the growth in number of the old is liable for the fall in that of the young.B.the unusual statement about the main cause of aged societies is quite valid.C.the greater dependency of babies is subject to the change in social structure.D.the favorable conditions for continued liv
27、ing are perfect in modern societies.(4).Older societies are superior to younger ones in that（分数：0.20）A.old people are more dependent than babies.B.children are more handicapped than the aged.C.the inactive aged are more reliable than children.D.infants are more of a handicap than the elderly.(5).The
28、 writer is most probably in favor of the statement that（分数：0.20）A.an advanced society is to suffer a gradual change from young to old.B.people near 60 in developed societies may witness social reshaping.C.the world conference about aging was held as a challenge to current policy.D.a man aged thirty
29、can expect to live up to sixty, and a woman still longer.Science-fiction movies can serve as myths about the future and thus give some assurance about it. Whether the film is 2001 or Star Wars, such movies tell about progress that will expand mans powers and his experiences beyond anything now belie
30、ved possible, while they assure us that all these advances will not wipe out man or life as we now know it. Thus one great anxiety about the future-that it will have no place for us as we now are-is alleviated by such myths. They also promise that even in the most distant future, and despite the pro
31、gress that will have occurred in the material world, mans basic concerns will be the same, and the struggle of good against evil-the central moral problem of our time-will not have lost its importance. Past and future are the lasting dimensions of our lives: the present is but a brief moment. So the
32、se visions about the future also contain our past; in Star Wars, battles are fought around issues that also motivated man in the past. Thus, any vision about the future is really based on visions of the past, because that is all we can know for certain. As our religious myths about the future never
33、went beyond Judgment Day, so our modern myths about the future cannot go beyond the search for lifes deeper meaning. The reason is that only as long as the choice between good and evil remains mans supreme moral problem does life retain that special dignity that derives from our ability to choose be
34、tween the two. A world in which this conflict has been permanently resolved eliminates man as we know him. It might be a universe peopled by angels, but it has no place for man. The moving picture is a visual art, based on sight. Speaking to our vision, it ought to provide us with the visions enabli
35、ng us to live the good life; it ought to give us insight into ourselves. About a hundred years ago, Tolstoy wrote,“ Art is a human activity having for its purpose the transmission to others of the highest and best feelings to which men have risen.“ Later, Robert Frost defined poetry as “beginning in
36、 delight and ending in wisdom.“ Thus it might be said that the state of the art of the moving image can be assessed by the degree to which it meets the mythopoetic task of giving us myths suitable to live by in our time-visions that transmit to us the highest and best feelings to which men have rise
37、n-and by how well the moving images give us that delight which leads to wisdom. Let us hope that the art of the moving image, this most genuine American art, will soon meet the challenge of becoming truly the great art of our age. （分数：1.00）(1).In the authors view, science-fiction movies（分数：0.20）A.as
38、sure us of the scientific miracles created.B.predict likely advances in human experiences.C.offer invented stories concerning mans fate.D.signify human powers to a fantastic extent.(2).In science-fiction movies, man can find（分数：0.20）A.fantasies that may relieve his anxiety for future existence.B.for
39、ecasts that his domination will be extended indefinitely.C.promises that his swelling demands will be fully satisfied.D.assurances that confirm the importance of moral principles.(3). The quotes from Tolstoy are used to（分数：0.20）A.reinforce the authors account about visual art.B.provide fresh points
40、about the moving picture.C.define the basic characteristics of art activities.D.describe the requirements for the art transmission.(4). The movies such as Star Wars（分数：0.20）A.fail to reflect contemporary problems for their transience.B.fail to free their subjects from issues of mans concerns.C.succe
41、ed in depicting magic scenes irrelevant to the past.D.succeed in offering imaginary visions irrespective of reality(5).The theme of modern myths could be drastically changed（分数：0.20）A.only if the struggle for good life were fully discarded.B.if only the conflict between good and evil had ceased.C.on
42、 condition that man as he is now became extinct.D.provided that average people were converted to angels.Of all the components of a good night s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Fre
43、ud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise“the random byproducts of the neural - repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers susp
44、ect that dreams are part of the mind s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off - line.“ And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. “It s yo
45、ur dream,“ says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago s Medical Center. “If you don t like it, change it.“ Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleepwhen most vivid dreams occuras it is when fully awake, says Dr. Eric No
46、fzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain“) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those
47、 feelings can stay with us all day,“ says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement. The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting t
48、hat they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don t always think about the emotional significance of the day s eventsuntil, it appears, we begin to dream. And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwr
49、ight believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep. At the end of the day, there s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless the
